高考英语 考前冲刺精选语法资料不定式小结.doc

2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料不定式小结动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。1动词不定式的形式变化动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。2.动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：(1)作主语：to help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：it is good to help each other.)(2)作表语：my job is to drive them to the power station every day.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up.为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是由主语plan产生的。)we are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。(3)作宾语：作及物动词的宾语，如：she wishes to be a musician.作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：i am determined to give up smoking.动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语，如：tell the children not to play on the street.如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：i saw a little girl run across the street.(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：i dont think it right to do it that way. (6)作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：is this the best way to help him？作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：he is the man to depend on.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去，如：the old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(7)作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：目的状语： every morning he gets up very early to read english.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了)，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：she reads china daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her english.将表示目的的不定式置于句首，可起强调目的的作用，如：to master a foreign language, one must work hard at it.结果状语：they lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到了亲眼见到他们家乡的解放。too 形容词或副词 动词不定式，表示“足能”的结果，如：you are old enough to take care of yourself now.3复合结构不定式由for 名词(或代词宾格)动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：it is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：it is very kind of you to help him every day.4疑问词 动词不定式疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：how to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式是由not 动词不定式构成，如：its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：we decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后)，they often watch us play table tennis.(同时)；完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：i am sorry to have kept you waiting；进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：she happened to be writing a letter in the room when i came in.7动词不定式的被动语态用法如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：what is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.真题变式语法专练1(2012年成都模拟)the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. a. not to b. not to doc. not do it d. do not do解析：根据句型 tell sb.(not) to do sth.，排除 c和 d；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略 to后的内容，只保留 to，所以只有 a对。答案：a2(2012年潍坊模拟)paul doesnt have to be made_. he always works hard. a. learn b. to learnc. learned d. learning解析：make sb. do sth.的被动式为 sb.be made to do sth.(某人被迫做某事)。答案：b3. (2012年运城模拟)the olympic games, _in 776 bc., did not include women players until 1912. a. first playing b. to be first playedc. first played d. to be first playing解析：因the olympic games与 play是被动关系，排除a和d；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，因此排除b。表示“被动、完成”，用过去分词。答案：c4. (2012年银川模拟)i would love_to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report. a. to go b. to have gonec. going d. having gone解析：would love / like后面只能接不定式，排除 c和 d。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，后接不定式完成式，故选 b。答案：b5. (2012年汕头模拟)when i got back home i saw a message pinned to the door_“sorry to miss you; will call later.” a. read b. readsc. to read d. reading解析：句中 read意为“有某字样”，a message pinned to the door意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，a message与 read是主动关系，因此用现在分词。答案：d6. (2012年济南模拟)the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_it more difficult. a. not make b. not to makec. not making d. do not make解析：考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与 to make it easier形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。答案：b7(2012年利津模拟)robert is said_abroad, but i dont know what country he studied in. a. to have studied b. to study c. to be studying d. to have been studying解析：由 studied可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。答案：a8. (2012年厦门模拟)the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. a. carried out b. carrying out c. carry out d. to carry out解析：此句结构复杂，句中的 that引导一个定语从句，它代表 the plan并在从句中作 see的宾语，the plan与 carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即see the plan carried out the next year.答案：a9. (2012年济南模拟)having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_whether they will enjoy it. a. to see b. to be seenc. seeing d. seen解析：remain作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表语，see与 it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。答案：b10. (2012年淄博模拟)the research is so designed that once_nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b. having begunc. beginning d. begun解析：“连词分词”作状语，依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research与 begin是被动关系，用过去分词 begun。答案：d11. (2012年济宁模拟)a cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen. a. smoke b. smokingc. to smoke d. smoked解析：find后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语，但不接不定式。he与 smoke是主动关系，用ing形式作补语，故选 b。答案：b12(2012年淄博模拟)she looks forward every spring to_the flowerlined garden. a. visit b. paying a visit c. walk in d. walking in 解析：look forward to中 to是介词，后接动词要用动名词。若选 b，应在其后加 to才行。答案：d13(2012年兰州模拟)when i handed the report to john, he said that george was the person_. a. to send b. for sending itc. to send it to d. for sending it to解析：不定式作定语，the person是 send it的对象，可理解为 to send it to the person。答案：c14. (2012年成都模拟)the lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.a. 20 dollars remained b. 20 dollars to remainc. remained 20 dollars d. remaining 20 dollars解析：因为 remain是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，所以要用 remaining(剩下的)作定语，修饰 20 dollars。答案：d15. (2012年淄博模拟)there are five pairs _， but im at a loss which to choose.a. to be chosen b. to choose fromc. to choose d. for choosing 解析：句意是“有五双可供选择，我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”，而不是选择五双。答案：b16(2012年龙口模拟)_in 1636, harvard is one of the most famous universities in the united states. a. being founded b. it was foundedc. founded d. founding解析：harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系，且早在1636年已建立，故用过去分词。答案：c17(2012年即墨模拟)fishing is his favorite hobby, and_. a. hed like to collect coins as wellb. he feels like collecting coins, tooc. to collect coins is also his hobbyd. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure解析：考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。因 and连接两个并列的简单句，前一分句用ing形式作主语，后一分句也应用ing形式作主语。答案：d18. (2012年诸城模拟)in order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many staterun companies are striving_their products more competitive.a. to make b. makingc. to have made d. having made解析：不定式作目的状语。“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的”。答案：a19. (2012年济南模拟)though_money, his parents managed to send him to university. a. lacked b. lacking ofc. lacking d. lacked in解析：“连词分词”作状语。his parents与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，又因为 lack是及物动词，不用介词，故选c。答案：c20. (2012年海淀模拟)there is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_road conditions need_. a. that; to be improved b. which; to be improvedc. where; improving d. when; improving解析：that引导的从句与 problem是同位语。need, want, require等表示“(某物)需要做某事”时，后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以。答案：a21(2012年廊坊模拟)_the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.a. given b. to givec. giving d. having given解析：given作介词，意为