高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法精选冠词.doc

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精选冠词一、分类1定冠词指的是the, 常常表示的是特指。he is the teacher we talked about yesterday。2不定冠词是a和an。其中a用于辅音（指的是音而不是字母）开头的词前，an用于元音开头的词。an island, a small island, an honest man, a house, a university, 还应注意he is a european. i got a one hundred.3特指和泛指特指泛指 表类别 表“一个/一些” 可数名词单数 the book a book a book 可名词复数 the books books some/any books 不可数名词 the water water some/any water 1不定冠词表示一这个数量的时候，意思和one差不多。但one更侧重数目这一概念，如yesterday i bought one book, not two. 通常表示重量，长度，时间等词组。the apples are two yuan a pound.give me a cup of tea. twice a week, eight hours a day.只可能在可数的单数名词前，不可能出现在不可数名词前。i have a good idea. i have good news.2表示某一个。但是仍然翻译成一个。at that time i was working in a factory.a young man wanted to see you.3. 表示一类，或一类中的某一个。a dictionary is a book.do you have a pen?there is a man standing in front of the bank.i met a friend of yours yesterday.4首次提到的人或事物而且听者并不知道指的是哪一个的时候，前面必须用不定冠词；再次提到此人或此物时，由于听者已知知道指的是何人或何物时，必须用定冠词。yesterday i saw a dog. the dog was running after a cat. the cat ran into a hole. the hole was very small.there was a king. the king had a man. the man could make gold out of stone.do you want to hear a story about an american, a german and a polish.5首次提到的复数名词或不可数名词，不用任何冠词。再提到时必须用定冠词。he will give you information about hotels.this house is made of wood.6首次提到的名词双方都知道其为何物的时候应用定冠词。open the door please.we will go to the market to buy some cds.the earth moves round the sun once a year.当表示世界上独一无二的东西时，sun, moon, earth, world, air, stars (星系)，应加上the.7定冠词加形容词表示一类。比如the poor/rich/deaf/blind/dead.谓语动词用复数。如：the rich are not always happy8当有形容词或从句来进行修饰的名词通常用定冠词。most of the books on the table are novels.he is the doctor whom i told you of yesterday.this is the city in which i live.i live in a city far away from here. (听者不知道)。you can ask the woman in front of you.i saw a woman looking like your mother. (听者不知道是谁)9指人体的某个部位有两个表达方法。the ball hit his eye. = the ball hit him in the eye.he took me by the hand.the stone hit him in the face.【专有名词前冠词的用法】1一般来说在专有名词前不加冠词。2在一些地理名词前要加定冠词：江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾。比如：the yellow river, the pacific (ocean), the alps, the taiwan strait, the persian gulf.3由普通名词和其他一些词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词：（国家名）the united states, the united kingdom, (组织机构名) the no.4 high school , the white house, (建筑物) the capital theater, (报纸，会议.) the new york times, the washington post.但是一般来说这些专有名词前不加冠词：街道名，wang fujing street. 广场名(tian anman square), 公园(hyde park)，车站机场(beijing airport), 大学(peking university, 但是the university of chicago)，外国人过的节日(christmas, new years day) ，但是the spring festival春节（中国的节日），杂志名称(time时代周刊）。4在姓氏的复数形式前加上定冠词表示一家人。（谓语动词用复数）the smiths live upstairs.【个别情况下的冠词】1三顿饭前不加冠词。但是在adj.+餐名或餐名+形容词词组或从句的时候以及特指各种用途的宴席时应加上冠词。he will be back after supper.the dinner i had yesterday was terrible.2四季一般没有冠词，担当表示特定的季节时应加上定冠词。leaves fall in autumn.i was born in the spring of 1973.3. 当以下的词被用作原来的目的时没有冠词：class, school, college, university, church, hospital, prison, market, bed, table, sea. 如果这些词的意思时表示场所或建筑物本身时，用冠词。he left school when he was 15 years old.his father will go to the school to see his teacher.they go to church every week. we walked to the church and took a bus there.4. east/ west/south/north, left / right, present /past/future作名词的时候有the, 作副词的时候没有。1) he comes from the south. 2) please turn left.5by和计量单位名词之间要有the.1) pork is sold by the kilo. 2) the workers are paid by the hour.6by和交通工具或交通方式不要冠词shall we go there by train or by air/bus/land/sea/air/boat.但i came here in his car.7. 乐器前有the, 球类和有规则的游戏前没有冠词。8television没有冠词，i saw it on tv/television. 但是radio加the. i heard on the radio that our football team won the world cup.9society泛指社会时没有冠词，若是指一个组织用冠词。society is very important for us.we will form a society to help others.10. country (乡间), sea, seaside, desert, mountains要有the.i am going to the country for a week.we cant travel across the desert.11. 表示官职，身份，职业的名词与冠词的使用1)在人名前没有冠词：queen elizabeth, president jiang, chairman mao, professor chen.2) 作专有名词的同位语的时候没有冠词。this is mr. li, professor of this college.3) 在elect, make, be词的后面的职业作宾语补足语，主语补足语或表语时应没有冠词。we elected him chairman.he was made president of the club.12. all和both后的the可以省略，all of/ both of后的the不能省。all (the) girls are his students.both(the) brothers are clever.all/both of the students are having an exam.13. 称呼语之前不用冠词。ladies and gentlemen, lets.14. 家庭成员不用冠词。father has gone to shanghai on business.15. 惯用语： at/ from a distance, as a rule, all of a sudden, as a whole, in a hurry, in the morning/ afternoon. in the sun, on the other hand, in the end,.【练习检测】1. _ elephant/elephant is bigger than _ horse.a. 不填/不填 b. the/ac. an/a d. 不填/the2. _ doctors/doctors and _ nurses should care for their patients.a. the/the b. 不填/不填c. the/不填 d. 不填/the3. it took me_ hour and_ half to finish _ work.a. a/a/a b. an/a/ac. an/a/the d. an/a/不填4. _ doctor/doctor told me to take _ medicine three times _ day, stay in_ bed, and then i would be better soon.a. 不填/a/a/the b. a/the/the/不填c. a/the/a/不填 d. a/不填/a/不填5. _snow/snow is white. _ snow/snow that covers _ top of _mountain is _ beautiful sight.a. the/the/the/the/the b . 不填/不填/the/the/ac. 不填/the/the/the/a d . 不填/不填/不填/the/the6. _ comrades/comrades here are friendly to me.a. a b. an c. the d. 不填7. my uncle was elected _ principal of the no. l middle school.a. a b. an c. the d. 不填8. i have to work at least eight hours _ day.a. another b. a c. the d. an9. he is _ of our school.a. a teacher b. the teacherc. teacher d. only teacher10. beyond _ stars. the astronauts saw nothing but _ space.a. the/不填 b. 不填/thec. 不填/不填 d. the/the11. alice is fond of playing _ piano while henry is interested in listening to_ music .a. 不填/the b. the/thec. the/不填 d. 不填/不填12. the guard caught him by _ arm.a. an b. a c. 不填 d. the13. - id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.-well, you could have _ word with the manager.a. an; some b. some; a c. some; some d. an; a14. biology is _.a. science of life b. science of the lifec. the science of the life d. the science of life15. there is _ new magazine on the desk.a. an b. a c. the d. 不填16. he has _ girl. _ girl/ girl is very clever.a. a/the b. the/anc. a/an d. an /不填17. we all know _ earth moves around _sun. a. the/the b . a/ac. an/an d. 不填/不填18. she likes to have butter and _ butter sold in this shop is very well made.a. the b. a c. an d. 不填19. he is _ last one to come and _ first one to leave.a. the/the b. a/不填c. an/a d. the/a20. _ browns are all good at drawing.a. an b. a c. the d. 不填21. _ rich/rich are not always happy.a. the b. an c. 不填 d. a22. paper money was used in _ china when marco polo visited the country in_ thirteenth century.a. the/不填 b. the/thec . 不填/the d . 不填/不填23. in _ 1870s marx found it important to study the situation in russia.a. a b. an c. 不填 d. the24. is _ mississippi the longest river in _ world?a. the/the b. 不填/ac. an/a d. a/the25. china is on the east of _pacific ocean. a. 不填 b. anc. a d. the26. _ philippine islands are to _ south of our country.a. the/a b. a/thec. the/the d. 不填/不填27. _ time is read all over the world.a. a b. an c. the d. 不填28. _ summer palace looks especially beautiful in the rain.a. the b. an c. a d. 不填29. paper money is in _ use in china when marco polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.a. the; 不填 b. the; thec. 不填; 不填 d. 不填; the30. she is fond of_ music.a. the b. 不填c. a d. an31. _ horses/horses are _animals.a. the/a b. 不填/不填c. a/the d. an/a32. they will arrive here on _ new years day.a. the b. ac. an d. 不填33. ill be on duty on _ friday.a. 不填 b. thec. an d. a34. we often go swimming in _ summer and skating in _ winter.a. 不填/the b. the/thec. 不填/不填 d. a/a35. my brother and i go to _ school after _ breakfast.a. 不填/不填 b. the/thec. the/不填 d. 不填/the36. my parents are going to watch me play _ chess.a. a b. thec. an d. 不填37. the visitors will come to our school _next week.a. the b. 不填c. an d. a38. the boss made them work _ day and _ night.a. the/the b. a/ac. an/an d. 不填/不填39. he is _ only man for the job.a. a b. an c. 不填 d. the40. we were born on _ same day and in _ same town.a. 不填 b. the/thec. a/a d. an/an41. there is_ s in the word.a. the b. a c. an d. 不填42