英语的18个 时态.doc

一般时：1、现在 study 2、过去 studied 3、将来 will study 4、过去将来 would study进行时：1、现在 studing 2、过去 was/were studing 3、将来 will be studing 4、过去将来 would be studing完成时：1、现在 have studied 2、过去 had studied 3、将来 will have studied 4、过去将来 would have studied完成进行时：1、现在 have been studying 2、过去 had been studying 3、将来 will have been studying 4、过去将来 would have been studying一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing英语时态英语共有16种时态，主要有：完成时态现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时态现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态。一般现在时(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词 usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week 等连用。例如： The moon moves round the earth.Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.（2）在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.I will have arrived by the time the meeting begins.（3）某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave 等。例如：The plane leaves at three sharp. The new teachers arrive tomorrow.（4）在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.Youll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.一般过去时（1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。如 yesterday, last year, in 1949, a minute ago, just now例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.（2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如：He always went to class last.I used to do my homework in the library.（注意与be used to doing短语的区别）（3) 在since 引导的状语从句多用一般过去时.主句中一般用完成时He has changed much since I saw him last.一般将来时（1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：I shall graduate next year.（2）几种替代形式：1）be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如：Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money.2）be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如：I am to play tennis this afternoon.3）be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start.4）be due to +v表示预先确定了的事， 必定发生的事。例如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes.5）be on the point/verge of +v英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。一、 一般现在时：1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：. It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.二、 一般过去时：1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didnt know you were so busy.三、 现在进行时：1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.例句： How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons.四、 过去进行时：1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构：was/were+doing4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、 现在完成时：1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：have/has + done4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句：have或has。6.例句：Ive written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、 过去完成时：1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.3.基本结构：had + done.4.否定形式：had + not + done.5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books七、 一般将来时：1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、 过去将来时：1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there .九.将来完成时：1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done十.现在完成进行时:1.概念：在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing几种常见时态的相互转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the