Grammar.doc

“崇实课堂四步教学法“教学模式研讨 镇江崇实女中高中英语学科学案Book 5 unit 2 The environment Grammar 编制人： 姚杰 审核人： 杨拥军 集备时间：Sep 22 编号：No.3【学习目标】1. To help Ss get a general idea about the usage of “doing.”2. To make Ss become familiar with their usage.3. To help Ss master some difficult items.【课前预习】：1.Revise what we have learned about the usage about the items.2. Revise contents in the book, underline the places where you dont understand, try finishing the exercises in the text book. 【学习过程】Step 1动词的-ing形式： 动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。一般式：动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生e.g. I found him lying on the ground. 完成式：having+动词的过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前e.g. Do you remember having promised me that? 被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者e.g. I cant stand being treated like that. 否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或 nevere.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.Step 2 The usages of “doing”1. 作表语，相当于形容词或名词。1) The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人又有趣。（起形容词作用的动词的 ing 形式含有“令人”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving, pleasing, etc.）2. 作定语1) exciting news激动人心的消息 a tiring day 累人的一天 2) The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman. 这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。3. 宾语补足语，经常用在动词look at, notice, see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, feel, leave, keep, etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money. 当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。2) Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain. 别让他在雨里等。4. 作状语： 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。1) They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴随状语) 她们边唱边跳走进教室。2) Hearing the news, he jumped. （时间状语） 听到这个消息他跳了起来。3) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there. （原因状语） 为了避免迟到，我打车去那儿的。4) His parents died, leaving him alone. (结果状语) 他的父母去世了，留下他一个人。5) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步) 虽然被告知了很多次，他仍然重复同样的错误。注意：(1) V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生1) Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =On hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 听到这个坏信息，他们忍不住哭了。常用的这类动词有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc.(2) having done所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。(3) 动词-ing逻辑上的主语是动词-ing所表示动作的对象时，一般要用被动形式1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。 比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital. He insisted on sending her to hospital.(4) 动词-ing形式的主动形式代替被动形式的情况 有些动词，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟动词-ing的主动形式代替被动形式，表达被动意味。 1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing. =The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired. 2) The book is well worth reading again. 这本书很值得再看一遍。(5) 有时动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词的所有格（还可以用宾格）来表示它逻辑上的主语，使它的意思更加完整。1) Marys being late again made her teacher very angry. 玛丽又迟到了，这让她的老师非常生气。2) Do you mind my /me smoking here? 你介意我在这里抽烟吗？(6) 一些特殊用法：a. Generally speaking - 一般来说Frankly speaking, - 坦白地说Judging from - 根据来判断Considering - 考虑到语法练习一、改写句子1. It seems impossible to save money now. =_ _ now seems impossible.2. When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed. =When he woke up, he found _ _ in bed.3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom. =I _ _at home _ _shopping with Mom.4. As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage= _ _, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.5. If time permits, Ill attend your wedding ceremony. =_ _, Ill attend your wedding ceremony.二、单项选择1. She insisted _ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.A. on taking B. on being takenC. to take D. to be taken2. He sent me an E-mail, _to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope3. -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. getting C. To get D. To be getting4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _ the speaker _. A. t find; left B. finding; leaving C. finding; left D. to find; gone5. As I will be away for at least a year. Id appreciate _from you now and then _me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell6 . _in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited7. The job is _to me because I have little experience. However, it is also_. A. challenging; rewarding B. challenged; rewarded C. challenging; rewarded D. challenged; rewarding8. _comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine. A. To sit B. Sat C. Sitting D. having sit9. -Ive never seen anyone run so fast-_David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched10. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared11. It is said that the Olympic Games_ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burning B. to escape being burnedC. escaping burned D. escaping from burning13. The great hall was crowed with many people, _ many children _ on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting14. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rain B. There was no rainC. To be no rain D. There being no rain 15. Taking this medicine, if _, will of course do good to his health.A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing16. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars to do with some things _.A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settledC. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle17. _ his age, the little boy read very well.A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered18. His letter, _ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressed B. to have addressedC. to have been addressed D. being addressed19. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repairedC. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired20. - What caused the party to be put off?- _ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but_ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy22. - Is Tom a good talker?- No, he never speaks to me other than _ something.A. ask for B. to ask for C. asked for D. asking for23. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fill B. running; fillingC. running; to fill D. ran; filling24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _.A. being on; shut B. burning; shuttingC. burning; shut D. on; shutting26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes_ on the scene of the