山东省高密市教科院高考英语二轮复习《动词及动词短语》学案.doc

山东省高密市教科院2013届高三高考二轮复习英语动词及动词短语学案）高考考点 1、系动词的比较；2、动词的及物与不及物；短暂性与持续性；3、意思相同或相近的动词比较；4、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较；5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。高考例题【2012江西卷】30we were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.amakebturn ctakedhave30答案：a考点：考察动词的用法解析：我们一致同意，这个小舍将会给我们的家庭营造一个完美的假日家园。make表“可以用作，可发展为”，与for连用。turn表示“变为”，一般后跟into。【2012全国ii】12. we _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.a. set about b. set up c. set out d. set down【答案】c【解析】此处set about开始做. . .，后接名词、动名词；set up建立；set out开始做. . .，后接不定式；set down写下，记下。根据to paint可知选set out。句意：那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。【考点】考查动词短语的含义。【2012浙江卷】15.armed with the information you have gathered, you can_ preparing your business plan.a. set outb. set aboutc. set offd. set up【考点】动词词组词义辨析【答案】b【解析】根据句意：有这么些个你所收集的信息，你可以着手（set about doing sth）准备你的商业计划了。set out to do sth着手；set off出发；set up建立，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012浙江卷】12according to scientists, our mental abilities begin to_from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.a. differb. shrinkc. faild. decline【考点】动词词义辨析【答案】d【解析】根据句意：根据科学家研究，我们的精神气在22岁达到高峰值之后便从27岁开始下滑（decline）。differ不同；shrink缩水；fail失败、衰竭，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012湖北卷】21. two lawyers have donated $50,000 to _ our schools campaign “help the needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years agoa. sponsorb. launchc. organize d. plan【答案】a【考点】考查动词辨析。难度中等。【解析】该句意为：两位律师捐赠了5，0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动a项意为“赞助”，符合句意；b项意为“发射，开办”，c项意为“组织”，d项意为“计划”，都与句意不同。故a项正确。【2012天津卷】 parents and children should communicate more to _the gap between them so that they can understand 【b】each other better.a. open b. narrow c. wide d. leave主动表被动类的动词（表示主语的特点、性质、状态）1) sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, act, draw, clean, wear, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink , burn +adv. (well, poorly, easily, smoothly, badly)dry wood _(容易燃烧） the cloth _(好洗）.your composition _(读起来很好except for a few spelling mistakes.1.-have you got a ticket for the concert? -no, the tickets_ well and they _out last week. a. sell; were sold b. sell; sold c. sell; have been sold d. are sell; sold 2.it is said that the pen _ , so i bought one yesterday. a. writes well b. writes good c. is well written d. is good written2) need, want, require(要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得), be worth(值得)，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。the book is worth reading. these young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).3）有些动词(短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。take place, happen, break out等。a big fire happened/took place/broke out last night.动词短语的要点 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词副词(不及物)harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 哈里在晚会后人们都已离去时才出现。 (2) 动词副词(及物)please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(3)动词介词(及物)im looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾shes got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词副词介词i look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就能见到你。注意：“动词介词”、“动词名词副词”、“动词副词介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。in this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 （5）动词 + 名词 + 介词you should make full use of your time.(6) 动词 + 名词great changes are taking place in our life.易错易混点1. lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎)：这三个易混动词构成见下表： he lied to me that he had finished his homework.他向我撒谎说完成作业了。he laid the baby on the bed.他把婴儿放在床上。2. rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3. hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。4sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat表示“就座”时要用be seated 或用seat oneself。如：they were seated at their desks.或i seated myself in the armchair. the river has risen by several metres.河水上涨了好几米。its difficult raising a family on a small income.依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。he hung his clothes on the wall.他把衣服挂在墙上。the murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged.杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。5可用于“动词sb.of sth.”的常用动词accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)， warn(警告)this photo reminds me of my school days.这张照片使我想起了学校生活。the people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。6可用于“动词sb.for doing sth.” 的常用动词blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)forgive me for saying so，but i think thats nonsense.原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。i dont blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。1常用短语(1) base.on. (2) care about (3) cheer up(4) carry out (5) catch up with(6) date back to/from(7) hold back (8) knock down (9) lay aside(10) work out2与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词break短语break away from break down break into break out break in break off break through break up call短语call for call on/at call in call up call offcome短语come about come across come to come true come up come up withcome into beingget 短语get about get across get away get down get in get off get together get through get down to get over get along/on withgive短语give up give in give out give away give off give back go短语go against go ahead go after/for go without go in for go through go over go byhold短语hold back hold out hold up hold on hold together hold on to make短语make up for make out make fun of make up ones mind make sense make good/full use of. . make upput短语put aside put away put down put forward put off put out put up with put up turn短语 turn down turn in turn out turn over turn up turn off turn on turn away turn to巩固练习i. multiple choice 1. william found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .(2011 全国)a.disappear b.fall c.fail d.damage 2. mary, i_john of his promise to help you. (2011 全国)a. told b. reminded c. warned d. advised3. i a bank account after i made1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. (2011 天津)a.borrowed b.opened c.entered d.ordered4. are you still mad at her?not really, but i cant _ that her remarks hurt me. (2011 江苏)adeny brefuse crejectddecline5. id prefer to my judgement until i find all the evidence. (2011 福建)a.show b. express c.pass d.reserve6. as the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. (2011 安徽)a. begins b. happens c. ends d. develops7. knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking. (2011 湖北)a. direct b. limit c. change d. improve8. the minister said. “we are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.” (2011 湖北)a. negotiate b. quarrel c. argue d. consult9. clinical evide