山东省高青县高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（1）(1).doc

高青县2015高考英语阅读理解（一轮）训练（1）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 three years ago, the president of harvard, lawrence h. summers, got into trouble for questioning womens“intrinsic (内在的)aptitude (能力)”for science and engineering. recently, a study paid for by americas national science foundation has found that girls perform as well as boys on standardized math tests. although boys in high school performed better than girls in math 20 years ago, the researchers found that is no longer the case. the reason, they said, is simple: girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys, but now they are taking just as many. “now that enrollment in advanced math courses is equalized, we dont see gender differences in test performance,” said marcia c. linn of the university of california, berkeley, a co-author of the study. “but people are surprised by these findings, which suggests to me that the stereotypes are still there.”the researchers looked at the average test scores of all students, the performance of the most gifted children and the ability to solve complex math problems. they found, in every category, that girls did as well as boys. janet hyde, a professor at the university of wisconsin, madison, who led the study, said the stereotypes about girls and math, had taken a toll (造成伤害). “the stereotype that boys do better at math is still held widely by teachers and parents,” hyde said. “and teachers and parents guide girls, giving them advice about what courses to take, what careers to pursue. i still hear anecdotes about guidance counselors (顾问)steering (指导)girls away from engineering, telling them they wont be able to do the math.”the study also analyzed the gender gap on the math section of the sat. since more girls than boys go to college, about 100, 000 more girls than boys take the test, including lower-achieving girls who bring down the girls average score.1. what might be the reason to carry out the study? a. to put harvard university to shame for its presidents prejudice against girls. b. to find out if theres any gender gap in science. c. to help girls to earn equal social status as boys. d. to enroll more girls in advanced math courses in the university. 2. which statement about peoples opinions of girls is not true? a. people still find it hard to believe average girls perform in math as well as boys. b. highly educated people are more likely to accept the fact that girls can do well in math. c. many teachers and parents advise girls to avoid careers like engineering based on their talent. d. some guidance counselors think careers related with math are not suitable for girls. 3. we can learn from the text except _.a. girls used to perform worse than boys in math because they didnt take as many advanced math coursesb. the stereotype about girls and math may lead to misguided choice of future careersc. the average lower scores of girls in sat math test prove that boys do better in mathd. the public doesnt accept outspoken prejudice against girls talent for math despite the stereotype4. the main purpose of writing the passage is to_.a. report the findings of a research into girls math abilityb. criticize those who hold the wrong belief that girls cannot do well in mathc. prove that the stereotype that girls do worse in math is wrongd. help girls regain confidence in learning math well 【参考答案】26.bbca 【上海市闵行区2014高考英语质量调研考试】 directions: read the following three passages. each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. electric cars are dirty. in fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.people in california love to talk about “zero-emissions (零排放的) vehicles,” but people in california seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. power plants most all use fire to make it. aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators (发电机). generators are fueled by something usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. there are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.in other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. its just that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. it is not. its as if the california greens (加州绿党) are covering their eyes “if i cant see it, its not happening.” gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. but when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.a gallon of gas may power your car 25 miles. but the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. if our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. but for political, technical, and economic reasons, we dont use much of those energy sources.in addition, electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. and finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. when its a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.70. which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in paragraph 2?a. be familiar with.b. be curious about.c. show their interest in.d. fail to understand.71. what can we learn about the california green from the idea “if i cant see it, its not happening”? a. they do not know those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.b. they do believe the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.c. they tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.d. they tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.72. according to the passage, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more _.a. environmentally-friendlyb. expensive c. harmfuld. efficient73. we can get the conclusion from the passage that _.a. being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationb. electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning somethingc. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentd. electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins70.d71. b72.c73.b【上海市闵行区2014高考英语质量调研考试】 directions: read the following three passages. each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. for the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. but is the same thing true for workers in poor countries? the answer is that they are even more likely than their rich-country counterparts (地位相当的人) to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain. traditional economics takes an optimistic line on integration (整合) and the developing countries. openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. in the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labour have already been used up. if poor countries lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes, rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital. if this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment (组合投资), it will top up domestic savings and loosen the financial restriction on additional investment by local companies. if it arrives in the form of new foreign-controlled operations, fdi, so much the better: this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. in either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labour and partly by making labour more productive. this is why workers in fdi-receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in fdi-sending countries. also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. this gains from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. surely one side or the other must lose. not so. the benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa. recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. in all these trades, both sidesexporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workers can gain. 74.why are workers in poor countries more likely to benefit from the process of globalization?a. they can get more chances to gain a good job.b. they can get more financial aid.c. they have nothing to lose.d. they have less to lose and more to gain.75. what can be the final result of the inflow of the resource?a. it will top up domestic savings.b. it will loosen the financial restriction.c. it will push peoples incomes up.d. it will bring technology and skills from abroad.76. what can we know from the last paragraph?a. poor countries get the most profit during the process of trade.b. rich countries get profit from trade at poor countries expense.c. poor countries get more profit from trade than rich ones.d. all aspects involved in the trade can get benefit.77.which can be the most appropriate title for this passage?a. benefited or hurtb. who benefits the mostc. helping the poord. the inflow of resources74.d75.c76.d77.b“old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, for example, most of us remember our patents telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. is there any truth in these teachings? some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. garlic（蒜）is good for you, too。it can kill the type of virus that causes colds. unfortunately, not all of moms advice passed the test of medical studies. for example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. but research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. do sweets cause tooth problems? well, yes and no. sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales, after all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累） from thousands of our traditional beliefs dont hold water should respect this body of knowledge even as research for clear scientific support to proven it true or false 48. which of the following is true according to the text？ a, eating garlic is good for our eyes b, sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth c, swimming after a meal is dangerous。 d, carrots prevent people from catching colds 49.the author develops the third paragraph mainly-。 a. by cause and effects b. by order in space c. by order in time d. by examples 50.the phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“ ” a. to be believable b. to be valuable c. to be admirable d. to be stable 51 what is the authors attitude toward “old wives tales” in the text? a. so objective b. objective c. dissatisfied d. curious 参考答案 48.b 49.d 50.a 51.battractionsdo you：love the national park, value it and hope to safeguard its future?wish to see the beautiful landscape of the park protected?like to enjoy peaceful, informal recreation within the park?aimsthe friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the pembrokeshire coast national park for all to enjoy. we are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the national park authority.activitieswe encourage everyone to enjoy the national park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the park with expert guides.we keep an eye on planning applications, park authority policies and threats to the national park such as massive leisure complexes. we work with likeminded organizations such as the campaign for national parks to make our voice more effective.we help children to understand the national park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.benefitsguided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.all members