高中英语《Module5A trip along the three gorges》语法学案（含答案） 外研版必修4.doc

2013-2014高中英语module5a trip along the three gorges语法学案（含答案） 外研版必修4课题a trip along the three gorges课时1 课时教学目标1.revise some language points. 2. learn more about grammar of the module .3.learn to use modal verbs教学重点revision of modal verbs教学难点deal with some important exercises about it.课堂导学情态动词复习 revision of modal verbs 情态动词也叫语气动词，有一定的词义，表示某种感情和语气，认为它“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。，但不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。英语里的情态动词主要有：can(could), may(might), must, shall, will, would, need, dare, should, ought to。情态动词在任何主语后没有人称和数的变化。除must, need, ought to外，其他情态动词有表示过去时的形式变化：can（could）; may(might) ; shall(should) ; will (would) ;dare( dared)一、 can 和could表示能力:can 表示现在或未来的能力，could作为can的过去式，表示过去的“能力”如：whales cannot live on land._. we can skate.我们会滑冰。_.计算机不会独立思考。* be able to 与can、could的异同：be able to 可用于多种时态，can和could只用于现在时和过去时。如：he will be able to go with us this afternoon.他今天下午能和我们一起去。 （一般将来时）i havent been able to see the difference yet.我还不能看出区别在哪。（现在完成时）he thought i would be able to do the work well.他认为我能把这项工作做好。（过去将来时）如果表示过去“能够”、“做到”，“设法干成了某事”，常用was/were able to 来表达（相当于managed to do sth.或succeeded in doing sth.）,而不用could。如：_.在消防人员的帮助下，他们得以从燃烧的房子中逃出。表示“可能性”can表示可能性时，表示说话人的猜测，用来表达惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，常用于疑问句和否定句中。could 不表示过去时，而表示推测的可能性比can小。例如：会议上发言的是谁？会不会是布莱克先生？_he is an honest man ,so he couldnt be telling lies._.can间或可用于肯定句，表示理论上的可能性，表示笼统的时间，事物的特征scotland can be very warm in september._表示许可和请求,通常译为“可以”在日常生活中，can可以代替may,表示“允许”；could 可以代替can用来表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转，表请求。如：can/could i use your pen? 我可以用一下你的钢笔吗？（表请求）(could 比can更客气，语气更委婉)yes, you can.( 回答时不能说成could)you can go whenever you wish.无论什么地方，你愿意走就可以走。二、 may 和might表示“允许”或“请求对方的允许”，might 比may 语气更客气、更委婉you may take a rest now.你们现在可以休息了。（表允许）may/might i take the book out of the room?_?表示“可能性”常用于肯定句和否定句，指说话人的猜测，认为某事或许可能发生。might并不表示某事过去可能发生，而是表示一种虚拟语气，指把握性不大，句中可以用may代替，不过may 要比might所表示的可能性要大。he may/might come. youd better stay here for a moment.他或许来，你最好在这儿等他一会儿。(i am not sure whether hell really come.)i may/might not be back for dinner.我可能不回来吃饭了。（im not sure whether ill be back.） may/might + have + 过去分词表示对过去的推测，认为过去可能发生的动作。might 比may 语气更含蓄或迟疑，may 比might的把握性更大he may/might have gone abroad.他可能出国了。用于祈使句，表“祝愿”: may you succeed！祝你成功！习惯搭配：may /might as well 还是的好you may as well give him the letter.你还是把信给他为好。i might as well stay at home tonight._-.三、 must 表示“必须”表示义务，要求或征询对方意思。（现在和未来）we must finish this before he comes.我们必须在他回来之前做完这件事。-must i hand in our homework today?-yes you must(no ,you neednt.)（2）表示肯定的推测（只用于肯定句），常译为“一定，想必是”否定句中表示“不可能，肯定不” 要用“cant ; couldnt”they must be in the classroom now.他们现在准是在教室。the ground is wet. it must have rained last night._. (3)must not=mustnt表示禁止，“不许”，“一定不能”. do not have to =dont have to “不必”you mustnt go now.你现在不能走。you dont have to go now.你不必现在就走。(4)must表示“偏偏”the car must break down just when we were about to start off.我们正要出发时偏偏车又坏了。(5)must用在反意疑问句中在反意疑问句中，附加部分要和陈述部分的情态动词或主要动词在意思上相呼应，使用情况各有不同：当陈述部分中的must作“必须，一定要”讲时，附加部分用mustnt 或neednt; 当must表推测，作“一定是，准是”讲时，附加部分要根据must后的原形动词选用相对应的形式。he must work hard at english, mustnt he ?他必须努力学习英语，是吧？he must be a teacher, isnt he ?他准是一名教师，是吗？（不说mustnt）you must have studied english for many years, _? he must have arrived here yesterday,_?must 和have to：严格说来，这两个词是有区别的, must表示说话人主观认为的“必须”，而have/has to表示客观的需要，也可译为“不得不”i really must stop smoking.我真的该戒烟了。（我认为应该戒）i have to stop smoking.我得戒烟了。（可能医生的要求或身体的客观情况使我戒烟）have to 有时态和人称的变化，而must没有i had to write some letters last night.我昨晚不得不写些信。（一般过去时）四、need 和dare need 作情态动词，表示“需要”，只用于否定句和疑问句中，无人称和数的变化。we neednt go there tomorrow.我们不必明天去那里。need i tell you all the details?我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？dare作情态动词，通常用在否定句和疑问句中，无人称和数的变化。i dare not stand on the chair.我不敢站在椅子上。how dare you say such a thing?你怎么敢说这种话？need 和dare 也可作行为动词，与一般动词的变化相同。作行为动词（或实义动词）时，need后面接“to + 动词原形”。如：我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？_.it needs to be done at once.这件事需要马上做。dare在肯定句中（i dare say除外）和疑问句中，后面都接“to +动词原形”，在否定句中有时带to, 有时不带to, 如：i dared to do so.我敢于这样做。did he dare to do so?他敢这样做吗？he did not dare (to ) do so.他不敢这样做。她晚上敢一人出去。_惯用语：i dare say 表示“我想”、“大概”。（dare say 也可以连写）theres something wrong with the radio, i dare say.收音机恐怕有点毛病。i dare say you are right.我想你是对的五、should表示责任、义务、建议、劝告，用于各人称you should study every day.你们应该每天学习。（表责任）you should always think of others before yourself.你应当首先想到别人。（表劝告）表推测、可能，暗含很大的可能i think he should be home now._. you should know his address.你应该知道他的住址。(3)用在why , how开头的疑问句中或that 引导的从句中表达说话人感情色彩，表达意外和不满，“竟，竟会”why should you be so late?为什么你竟这么晚？im sorry that you should think so badly of me._。六、ought to ought to 和should差不多，都表“应当”，在很多情况下可通用，但也有细微的差别：在表示因责任、义务等该做的事情时，常用ought to ，在表示某件事宜于做时，多用should.we ought to /should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。你不应那样谈话。_.表推测，暗含很大的可能if we start now, we ought to be able to get there in time.如果我们现在动身，我们应当能准时到达。高考链接：1. you buy a gift, but you can if you want to.a. must b. mustnt c. have to d. dont have to 2.i have told you the truth. _ i keep repeating it?a must b can c may d will3. 3. i take the book out?im afraid not.a. will b. may c. must d. need4. just be patient .you _ expect the world to change so soon .a. cant b. neednt c. may not d. whether 5.（0陕西）23. may i take this book out of the reading room? no, you . you read it in here. a. mightnt b. wont c. neednt d. mustnt6. im afraid mr. harding _see you now. hes busy.a. cant b. mustnt c. shouldnt d .neednt7. doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.acan bwill cmust dmay8. -good morning. ive got an appointment with miss smith in the personnel department. -ah, good morning. you be mrs. peters. a. might b. must c. would d. can9. “you _ have a wrong number,” she said. “theres no one of that name here.”a. need b. can c. must d. would 针对训练：1.we have plenty of time. we _ run so fast.a. mustnt b. neednt c. have to d. must2.where _ my sister wait for you? in the classroom?a. need b. shall c. may d. can3._ you please tell me the way to the library?a. would b. should c. must d. need4.-do you have to leave now?-im sorry, but i really_.a. cant b. have c. should d. must5.the classroom is empty. they _ be reading there now.a. mustnt b. cant c. must d. should6.we _ not to make so much noise in the lab.a. need b. darec. can d. ought7.you _ have come here yesterday, _ you?a.mustnt , did b.couldnt, hasc.must, havent d.must, didnt8.whenever i was not at home, my child _watch tv.a. will b. would c. were to d. were going to必修四module5 语法答案鲸不能生活在陆地上。a computer cant think for itself.with the firemen, they were able to escape from the burning house.who is speaking at the meeting? can it be mr. black?她是一个诚实的人，所以他不可能说谎。九月份苏格兰会很暖和。我可以把这本书拿出房间吗？（表请求允许）我今晚还是呆在家里吧。地面是潮湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。havent you?didnt he?do i need to tell you all the details?she dares to go out alone at night.我想他现在应该在家。你竟把我想得那么坏，我感到遗憾you shouldnt/ oughtnt to talk like that.1.(点拨)：本题考查情态动词. 句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，”答案：d2.答案：a考点：考察情态动词的用法。解析： must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动