河南省灵宝市第三高级中学高二英语 虚拟语气导学案.doc

河南省灵宝市第三高级中学2013-2014学年高二英语导学案21：虚拟语气一、什么是虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。二、 条件句中的虚拟语气从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反if + 主语 + 动词过去式（be动词通常用were）主语+ would / should / could / might + 动词原形如：if they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，他们会帮你。对将来情况的假设：表示将来不大可能实现的情况。条件状语从句主句与将来事实相反a. if+主语+动词过去式（be动词通常用were）b if+主语+were to+动词原形c if+主语+should+动词原形主语 + would / should / could / might + 动词原形小试 指出下列句子是对哪种情况的假设。1. if you should succeed, everything would be all right.2. if you succeeded, everything would be all right.3. if you were to succeed, everything would be all right.请观察下面两个句子，注意主句和从句中谓语动词的使用。1. in the past, if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years, they would have stayed there until retirement!过去，如果一个人在一家公司工作了二十多年，他就会留在那家公司直到退休。2. if the trees and flowers had been watered more, they would have grown even better.如果给这些树木和花草多浇一些水的话，它们会长得更好。这两个句子都表示说话者对过去事实的一种推测，它们都有一种相同的表达方式，即：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反if + 主语 + 过去完成时主语+ would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词如： if she had worked hard, susan would have succeeded.if he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made progress. 知识拓展 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，构成倒装。if they were here now, they could help us. = were they here now, they could help us.if it should rain, the crops would be saved. = should it rain, the crops would be saved.if you had come earlier, you would have met him. = had you come earlier, you would have met him.三、 英语中，wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构与过去相反的愿望(1)had + 过去分词；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词于现在事实相反的愿望过去时(be 用were )将来不太可能 的愿望would / could / might / should + 原形动词例如：i wish i learnt english well. 我希望我已学好了英语。（事实上没有学好）i wish i had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。（事实上没在一起）he wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。（事实上不能和他一起做游戏）四“should + 动词的完成式”表示本应该做而实际上没有做，它的否定形式表示某种行为本不该发生但却发生了。有责备的意味。you should have started earlier, but you didnt.你本应该早点儿出发，但是你没有。you should have washed the wound.你应该已经洗好了伤口。she shouldnt have taken away my dictionary, for i wanted to use it.她本不应该拿走我的词典，因为我要用它。you shouldnt have been so rude to him.你本不应该对他那么粗鲁。虚拟语气专项练习(20年高考真题之虚拟语气)1. you didnt let me drive. if wein turn, youso tired. a. drove, didnt get b. drove; wouldnt getc. were driving; wouldnt get d. had driven; wouldnt have got2. if you had _your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.a. looked up b. thought aboutc. gone over d. gone round3. how i wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden. a. has b. had c. will have d. had had4. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i _ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.a. wouldnt have fallen b. had not fallen c. should fall d. were to fall5. - excuse me, but i want to use your computer to type a report. - you _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. a. shantb. might not c. neednt d. shouldnt6. - i dont mind telling you what i know. - you_. im not asking you for it.a. mustnt b. may notc. cant d. neednt7. - isn t that anns husband over there? - no, it _ be him .im sure he doesnt wear glasses.a. cant b. must not c. wont d. may not8. -ill tell mary about her new job tomorrow. -you_ her last week.aought to tell bwould have toldcmust tell dshould have told9. mr. white _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. a. should have arrived b. should arrive c.should have had arrived d. should be arriving10. in crowded places like airports and railway stations,you_ take care of your luggage. a. can b. may c. must d. will11. the boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _go to work tomorrow. acantbmustnt cneedntdshouldnt12.guess what! i have got a for my term paper. great! you _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.a. mustb. shouldc. must haved. should have13. my mp4 player isnt in my bag. where i have put it? a.canb.must c.shouldd.would14.she looks very happy. she _ have passed the exam. i guess so. its not difficult after all.a. shouldb. couldc. mustd. might15.where is my dictionary? i remember i put it here yesterday. you it in the wrong place.a.must put b.should have put c.might put d.might have put16. i told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps i have driven her there.a.couldb.mustc.nightd.should17.my cat is really fat. you _ have given her so much food. a. wouldnt b. couldnt c. shouldntd. mustnt 18.what do you think we can do for our aged parents?you _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. a. dont have tob. oughtnt toc. mustnt d. cant19 -sorry, professor smith. i didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.a. must b. mustnt c. should d. shouldnt20. if he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. a. followed b. should follow c. had followed d. would follow21 if we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. a. take b. had taken c. took d. have taken22. -the weather has been very hot and dry. -yes. if it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! and my vegetables . a. wouldnt die b. didnt die c. hadnt died d. wouldnt have died 23. had i known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .awould have been savedbhad been saved cwill be saveddwas saved24、maybe if i _ science, and not literature then, i would be able to give you more help.a. stud