Lesson 2 高英第二册.ppt

AdvancedEnglish BookTwo Lesson2Marrakech Instructor WeiHaiyan Teachingplan AbouttheauthorIntroductiontothepassageBackgroundStylisticAnalysis AbouttheAuthor GeorgeOrwell pseudonymofEricArthurBlair 1903 50 anEnglishwriter borninMotihari Bengal India Concernedwiththesociopoliticalconditionsofhistime Englishnovelist essayistandcritic famousforhispoliticalsatiresANIMALFARM 1945 ananti Soviettale andNINETEENEIGHTY FOUR 1949 whichshowsthatthedestructionoflanguageisanessentialpartofoppression Anuncompromisingindividualistandpoliticalidealist Introductiontothepassage ExpositionorexpositorywritingThefirstessentialstepistoformulateathesis Orwelldenounces criticize condemn theevilsofcolonialismorimperialism Hemercilesslyexposesthepoverty miseryanddegradationofthenativepeopleinthecolonies Thesepeoplearenotcaredfornoraretheytreatedashumanbeings allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact para3 3 Thesecondbasicstepistosupportthethesiswithspecificreasonsordetails TheburialofthepoorinhabitantsAmunicipal城市的 urban employeebeggingforapieceofbreadThemiserablelivesoftheJewsintheghettoesThecultivationofthepoorsoil andtheoldwomencarryingfirewood allillustratethepovertyandmiseryofthecolonialpeople 4 Usefultechniques OrwelldescribesobjectivelythesufferingandmiseryofthecolonialpeopleinMarrakech yethemanagestoshowthathewasindignantatthemiserablesight 1 thecleverchoiceofthesceneshedescribes 2 theappropriateuseofwords 3 thetoneinwhichhedescribesthesescenes bitterandironical 4 bycontrastingtheill treatmentofthedonkeywiththemiserablefateofthehumanbeings Whenthedonkeywasilltreated peopleshowedtheirindignation whilehumanbeingswerenevercaredfor Background Morocco LocatedinNorthAfrica ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOcean thefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries Capital RabatPoliticalSystem Constitutionalmonarchy multipartydemocracy Briefhistory Moroccowasinhabitedinthestoneagebycavedwellers wholeftmanytracesoftheirpresence About2000B C itwassettledbyBerbertribes whohaveformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury bringingwiththemIslam Fromtheendofthe17thcenturyuntiltheearly19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence Butin1912 aFranco SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones Moroccogainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchy MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations theLeagueofArabStates andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity Thepeople Muslims Muslims98 Christian1 8 Jewish0 2 about200 000JewsinMorocco descendantsofthosewhohadfledfromSpainandotherEuropeancountriesandsettledinthecoastalcities farmers 70 camels donkeysandmules Inthesouthafewtribesstillwanderfromplacetoplaceinthedesert Language Arabic theofficiallanguage French thesecondofficiallanguagefortheadministrationandbusinesses Spanish Berberdialects notofficial butusedinsomepublications radioandTVprogrammes Religions IslamisthestatereligionMuslims98 Christian1 8 Jewish0 2 MarrakechorMarrakesh westcentralMorocco attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas 130milessouthofCasablanca thechiefseaport leathergoods theprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco thecapitalofMoroccofrom1062to1147andagainfrom1550to1660 capturedbytheFrenchin1912 hotsummersbutmildwinters usedtobeaFrenchcolony OverviewI Introduction P 1scene1corpseP 2scene2buryingprocessP 3ThesisAllcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact II FeedingtheGazelle Anurbanemployeebeggingforapieceofbread P 4ExampleIwasfeedingoneofthegazellesinthepublicgardens P 5ProcessAnArabnavvysidledtowardsus Heaskedforsomebread P 6ResultItoreoffapieceandhestoweditgratefullyinsomesecretplaceunderhisrags III TheJewsP 8Livingconditions GoingthroughtheJewishquartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike P 9Workingconditions dress alldressedinthelongblackrobe andblackcap workingindarkcave likefly infestedbooths Example1 acarpenterP 10Example2 givinghiscigaretteto P 11wayofliving Livinginself containedcommunities followingthesametradesastheArabs exceptforagriculture PP 12 14 conversationrumorfromArabsandpoorerEuropeansP 15statement Injustthesameway manypeoplediedforliving justlikepooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraft IV TheOldWomenP 16Topic statementAllpeoplewhoworkwiththeirhandsarepartlyinvisible awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous P 17Europeans viewFact nine tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendless back breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil P 18NaturalconditionsMoroccoisdesolate nowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit Everythingisdonebyhand P 19PositioninthefamilyAfamily afatherandagrown upsonridingaheadondonkeys andanoldwomanfollowingonfoot carryingthebaggage P 20InvisibilityOldwomenvsdonkeysP 21StatementThiskindofthingmakesone sbloodboil whereas onthewhole theplightofthehumanbeingsdoesnot V TheNegroes 乔治在马拉喀什 拍 的10张照片 乔治 奥威尔1939年写了散文 马拉喀什 他用英国人特有的语言风格 描写了 北非摩洛哥 马拉喀什城里贫穷的生活状况 如果换个角度 从摄影角度看 奥威尔的这篇文字画面感非常强 就像高端数字输出的一套61cm 91cm的收藏级黑白照片 具有强大的视觉震撼力 让你想起老布 萨尔加多 弗兰克甚至布莱克 马拉喀什 全文 中译文 4600字 26个自然段 可以幻化出10张很扎实的纪实照片 彷佛乔治 奥威尔像布列松一样拿起徕佧M3 而且我们几乎可以推定出照片的技术参数 甚至用哪位摄影大师的拍摄手法来拍摄最适合 第一张照片 送葬队伍 拍摄参数 全景 超广角 俯拍 具有尘土飞扬的效果 侧逆光 马拉喀什 原文 一支人数不多的送葬队伍 其中老少尽皆男性 没有一个女的 沿着集贸市场 从一堆堆石榴摊子以及出租汽车和骆驼中间挤道而行 一边走着一边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌 这个地方死人的尸首从不装进棺木 只是用一块破布裹着放在一个草草做成的木头架子上 有四个朋友抬着送葬 第二张照片 施舍面包 拍摄参数 近景 广角 平视 凸显 面包和阿拉伯工人的面部 动作 工人把面包放进破衣裳贴身的地方 马拉喀什 原文 我正在公园里给一只瞪羚喂食 一个正在附近小道上干活的阿拉伯挖土工放下笨重的锄头 羞怯地侧着身子慢慢朝我走过来 他把目光从瞪羚身上移向面包 又从面包转回到瞪羚身上 带着一点惊讶的神色 似乎以前从未见过这种情景 终于 他怯生生的用法语说道 那面包让我吃一点吧 我撕下一块面包 他感激地把面包放进破衣裳贴身的地方 这人是市政当局的雇工 第三张照片 犹太作坊 拍摄参数 广角 大景深 前景是木匠 弯翘的左脚 和6岁的小孙子 背景是犹太集市上穿行的黑色长袍 马拉喀什 原文 在集市上 一大家一大家的犹太人 全都身着黑色长袍 头戴黑色便帽 在看起来像洞窟一般阴暗无光 苍蝇麋集的摊篷里干活 一个木匠两脚交叉 坐在一架老掉牙的车床旁 正以飞快的速度旋制椅子腿 他右手握弓开动车床 左脚引动旋刀 由于长期保持这种姿势 左脚已经弯翘变形了 他的一个年仅六岁的小孙子竟也在一旁开始帮着干一些简单的活计了 第四张照片 分发香烟 拍摄参数 超广角 背景是 铜匠铺子一个个黑洞窟 拍摄细节 盲人爬出来伸手在空中乱摸 马拉喀什 原文 我正要走过一个铜匠铺子时 突然有人发现我点着一支香烟 这一下子那些犹太人从四面八方的一个个黑洞窟里发疯似地围上来 其中有很多白胡子老汉 都吵着要讨支烟抽 甚至连一个盲人听到这讨烟的吵嚷声也从一个摊篷后面爬出来 伸手在空中乱摸 一分钟光景 我那一包香烟全分完了 第五张照片 看不见的劳作者 拍摄参数 广角 黑白风景 细节 干巴巴的土壤 仙人掌 棕榈树 远方的山岭 人的肤色和地里的土壤颜色一样 马拉喀什 原文 在热带的景色中 万物皆可一目了然 惟独看不见人 那干巴巴的土壤 仙人掌 棕榈树和远方的山岭都可以尽收眼底 但那在地里耕作的农夫却往往没人看见 他们的肤色就和地里的土壤颜色一样 且远不及土壤中看 第六张照片 摩洛哥的风景 拍摄参数 广角 黑白风景 细节 光秃秃的荒漠 土壤跟碎砖头一般 排着长队的妇女们弯着腰像一个个倒过来的大写字母L一样 马拉喀什 原文 摩洛哥的土地大半是一片荒凉 赖以生存的走兽至大者莫如野兔 原先曾有的森林覆盖着的土地如今已成为光秃秃的荒漠 土壤跟碎砖头一般 尽管如此 仍有大片大片的土地被人们开垦 排着长队的妇女们弯着腰像一个个倒过来的大写字母L一样 以便慢慢地在地里移动着身子往前走 一边用手去拔除带刺的野草 第七张照片 老妪 拍摄参数 中景 一队老妪扛着柴草 枯瘦得只剩下皮包骨头 被沉重的负荷压得弯腰驼背的躯体 马拉喀什 原文 每天下午都有一队年迈的妇女背着柴草从我屋外的路上走过 由于上了年纪而又饱经日晒 他们一个个都变得像木乃伊似的干瘪 而且身躯都是那么瘦小 我所看见的是一捆捆的柴草从屋外掠过 直到有一天我碰巧走在她们身后时 堆柴草奇异的起伏动作才使我注意到原来下面有人 这才第一次看见那些与泥土同色的可怜老妪的躯体 枯瘦的只剩下皮包骨头 被沉重的负荷压得弯腰驼背的躯体 在原始社会里 妇女超过了一定的年纪 便萎缩得如孩子般大小 这似乎是一种普遍的现象 第八张照片 驴子 拍摄参数 驴子的肖像 注意驴子的眼睛 马拉喀什 原文 我踏上摩洛哥国土还不到五分钟就已注意到驴子的负荷过重 并为此感到愤怒 驴子遭到虐待 这是无疑的事实 摩洛哥的驴子不过如一只瑞士雪山救人犬一般大小 可它驮负的货物重量在英国军队里让一头五英尺高的大骡子来驮都嫌过重 而且 它还常常是一连几个星期不卸驮鞍 尤其让人觉得可悲的是 它是世上最驯服听话的牲畜 不需要鞍辔或僵绳 它便会像狗一样跟随着自己的主人 为主人拼命干上十几年活后 它便猝然倒地死去 这时 主人就把它仍进沟里 尸骨未寒 其五脏六腑便被村狗扒出来吃掉 第九张照片 黑人的目光 拍摄参数 肖像 注意羞怯的 瞪圆双眼的黑人士兵 目光不带敌意 不含轻蔑 没有愠怒 没有好奇 表示深厚敬意 马拉喀什 原文描述 他们是塞内加尔人 是非洲肤色最黑的人 黑得简直难以看清他们颈项上的头发从何处生起 他们健硕的身躯罩在旧的卡其布制服里面 脚上套着一双看上去像块木板似的靴子 每个人头上戴着的钢盔似乎都小了一两号 一个身体欣长 年纪很轻的黑人回头后顾 和我的目光相遇 他的那种目光完全超出人们意料之外 既不带敌意 又不含轻蔑 也没有愠怒 甚至连好奇的成分都没有 那是一种羞怯的 瞪圆双眼的黑人的目光 实际上就是一种表示深厚敬意的目光 第十张照片 黑人行军 拍摄参数 超广角全景 凸现地面长长队列与天空反方向飞翔的白鹳 马拉喀什 原文 一列长长的满身征尘的队伍 步兵 炮队 接着又是更多的步兵 总共大约四五千人 正靴声橐橐 车声辚辚地蜿蜒前行 一段路 士兵们都被沉重的包袱压得疲惫不堪 黑得出奇的黑脸颊上汗水闪闪发光 看着这列一两英里长的队伍静静地向前开进 真好像看着一群牛羊一样 而那掠过他们头顶 朝着相反方向飞翔的大白鹳 恰似片片碎纸在空中泛着点点银光 看到这里 有两点感受 一是 乔治 奥威尔是个有着鹰一样眼睛的家伙 且善于用文字摄影 二是 一个人可以不摄影 但不能不观察 向乔治致敬 StylisticAnalysisofMarrakechACombinationofclear cutpoliticalstandandaestheticwritingstyle政治立场与唯美写作风格相结合Orwellmadeveryclearpoliticalstandinthisessay Throughthedepictionofhoweasilythenativepeopledied howanurbanemployeebegforapieceofbread howJewssufferfrompovertyandprejudice howbackwardandprimitivetheirwayoffarmingis howbadlytheoldwomenaretreated Orwellhassuccessfullydemonstratedhisviewofcolonialism Inhiseyes thetruenatureofcolonialismandimperialismistoinvadeorcolonizethecountriesinthethirdworld torob grab thewealthoftheirpeople Thehappinessoftheirempiresarebuiltonthemiseryandpainsofthecolonialpeople Orwellmercilesslyexposedthepsychologicalworldofthecolonialists Theytakeitforgrantedthattheyareborntobesuperiortotheotherraces TheycometothecolonialcountrylikeMorocowiththepurposeofgrabingweathandenjoyingthebeautifulnaturalscenery TheyregardMorocoasaplacewheretheycanfreelybuildtheirluxurioushousesandcastles wheretheycanbuyorchards wheretheycouldhaveavacation Asforthepovertyofthenativepeople theydon tnoticebecausethenativepeopleareinvisible Whatmakeusangryisthattheyparalysethenativepeople makingthembelievethatthisisGod splan Sowhenyoulookintothenegrosoldier thelookhegivesis nothostile notcontemptuous notsullen noteveninquisitive Itwastheshy wide eyedNegrolook whichactuallyisalookofprofoundrespect ButthenOrwellrevealedusthatthesewhitepeoplearefearful theydon tfeelsafe Theycouldn thelpasking Howmuchlongercanwegoonkiddingthesepeople Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection However asamasterinlanguage Orwelldoesnotrevealhisownfeelinginhisdenounciation instead heusessimplefactsandobjectivedescriptiontoshowhishatredofthecolonialismandimperialism FollowingOrwell weknowhoweasilythenativepeopledied weknowevenanurbanemployeecannotaffordapieceofbread weknowhowJewssufferfrompovertyandprejudice weknowhowbackwardandprimitivetheirwayoffarmingis weknowhowbadlytheoldwomenaretreated Fromourpointofview weknowhewassuccessful forinourreading wereallyfeelhisgreatindignationatthecrueltreatmentofthenativepeople Thiswritingstyleisaesthetic Simple objective milddescription butdramaticeffect HowdoesOrwellachievethiseffect 1 TheexampleschosenobjectivelydepictthemiseryandpainsofthepeopleinMarrakech Hedoesnotannounceloudlyhowmuchhehatesthecolonialismandimperialism instead hehideshishatredinhisdescription leavingthereadertoponder think Whenhewasfeedingagazelle anArabNavvywassosurprisedthathewasfeedingbreadtoananimal Andtheworker lookedfromthegazelletothebreadandfromthebreadtothegazelle andsiddledslowlytowardsus finallyhesaidshylyinFrench Icouldeatsomeofthatbread Uponthis Iamsureeveryreaderwillbefullofsympathytotheurbanworker WhenOrwellfinallysaid thismanisanemployeeofthemunicipality wecouldhelpingthinking ifanurbanemployeegoesstarving whatabouttheotherpoorpeople Verysimplewords butwecouldreallyfindtheautor sextremehatredandangerforthecolonialist 2 Anotherpointthatmakesdeepimpressionistheaccurateuseofwords 1 anemployeebeggingforbread sidle stow shrillwail 2 burialprocess wrappedhackdumpflingdry up3 jews windowless sore eyed cluster frenziedrushofjews crawling gropingTheuseofnouns verbs adjectivesaresovividthatweseemtobefollowingtheauthorwalkingalongthestreetofMarrakech Whateveplacewego weseenothingbutdirtiness shabbiness povery 3 Orwellisseriousandbitterintone Whenhemakessuchacommentas Theyriseoutoftheearth theysweatandstarveforafewyears theysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyardandnobodynoticesthattheyaregone Aretheyreallythesameflashasyourself Dotheyevenhavenames fornine tenthsoftheMoroccanpeople therealityoflifeisanendlessback breadingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil WecouldfeelthatOrwellhasalothismind Hewasfullofsympathyforthenativepeoplehere 4 Orwellusesanalogytoconveyhishatredfeelingtothereader Intheessay hedeliberatelydescribedthemiserablefateofthedonkey TheMoroccandonkeyissmall overloaded themostwillingcreatureonearththoughdamnablytreated itstillfollowsitsmasterlikeadog whenthedonkeydies itisthrowntothedogs Thedonkey sfatemakestheauthor awhitepeopleoutraged ButwhatabouttheMoroccans Wealreadyhaveacomparisonhere Thepooroldwomenaresmall mummified overloadedwithfirewood Thecolonialpeoplestillobeythewhitemastersthoughcruellytreated whenaMoroccandiesheisthrownintoanamelessgrave WhatmakeusmoreangryisthathumanbeingsinMorroccoarenobetterthananimals Whendonkeysareill treated theyevokesympathyfromthewhitepeople whilethehumanbeingsdon t Intheeyesofthewhitepeople theyareinvisible Usingtheabovefourtechniques OrwelldepictsapanoramaofthemiserableconditionofMarrakechpeople Itremindsmeoftheimperialist sinvasionofchinainhistory ThisisOrwell atalentwriterwhonatuallycombineshispoliticalstandwithaestheticform ThiselegantwritngstylehasbecomeOrwell sfeature ThisfeaturehasbeenmentionedbyOrwellinhisessay WhyIWrite hesaid WhatIhavemostwantedtodoistomakepoliticalwritingintoanart thatis tocombinepoliticalsubstancewithaestheticform 词语辨析 wail MAINLYDISAPPROVINGtomakealong highcry usuallybecauseofpainorsadness Thewomengatheredaroundthecoffinandbegantowail aswasthecustomintheregion Myfingerhurts wailedthechild cry toproducetearsastheresultofastrongemotion suchasunhappinessorpainweep tocrytears Itmorespecificallystressesthesheddingoftears sob 指呜呜咽咽 一吸一顿地哭泣tocrynoisily takingindeepbreathsIfoundhersobbinginthebedroombecauseshe dbrokenherfavouritedoll whimper 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地 时断时续地哭 especiallyofananimal tomakeaseriesofsmall weaksounds expressingpainorunhappinessIsaidshecouldn thaveanicecreamandshestartedtowhimper moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地 拖长声调地哀叹 呻吟 呜咽tomakealonglowsoundofpain sufferingoranotherstrongemotionThesickmanmoanedallnight 病人通夜呻吟 hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱 表现为容易激动 焦躁不安 感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎 耳聋等 Aterminpsychiatry mentaldisorder mentalsicknessextremefear excitement anger etc whichcannotbecontrolled Onewoman closetohysteria grabbedmyarm Thedoctorgaveherashottocalmher hysteria frenzy是非医学用语 指狂暴不能自制 anexampleof uncontrolledandexcitedbehaviouroremotion whichissometimesviolent ina ofrage frenzy 暴跳如雷 mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状mentaldisease 具体表现为喜怒无常 时哭时笑 行为不能自制 suggestsacrazeforsomething 用于引申义时 mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度 成为癖好 如amaniafordrinking 嗜酒 averystronginterestinsomethingwhichfillsaperson smindorusesupalltheirtime Sowhyyoursuddenmaniaforexercise delirium suggeststemporaryexcitementormentalconfusionbecauseoffeverordrunken 指暂时性精神极端错乱 如酒醉发烧时 具体表现为烦躁不安 语无伦次和产生幻觉 精神错乱 说胡话 极度兴奋 发狂 S adeliriumofjoy狂喜A fromhighfever delirium 因高烧而神志昏迷 3 flash指突发的 短暂而耀眼的闪光 gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线 sparkle指星星点点的闪光 glitter指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光 glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮 shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光 Exercise IX 1 thread asin Thelittlecrowdofmourners threadedtheirwayacrossthemarket indicatingthatthemarketwassocrowdedthatthecrowdcouldhardlypassthrough 2 rise sweat starve and sink asin Theyriseoutoftheearth theysweatandstarveforafewyears andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard givingadeepimpressionofhowthesepeopleliveashortandmiserablelife 3 sidle asin AnArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearbyloweredhisheavyhoeandsidledslo