Inaugural Address肯尼迪就职演说修辞总结.doc

synecdoche/sinekdki/：substituting a moreinclusiveterm for a less inclusive one or viceversaInaugural Address肯尼迪就职演说修辞总结 美国总统肯尼迪的就职演说辞沿袭古希腊，罗马的修辞及文风精心选用语言句式，注意音韵效果，字字句句经过刻意雕琢。 一、 Alliteration是一种常见的反复类音韵修辞格,恰当使用Alliteration能赋予语言以音韵美和节奏美，起到演染气氛烘托感情加强语言表现力等效果, 如: Let the word go forth.that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.（para3） In order to assure the survival and the success of liberty Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.(para17) both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom(para13) 二、 Understatement Understatement的修辞功能在肯尼迪这篇演说辞中首先体现在它是一种政界辞令整篇文章没有直截了当地对国际形势进行分析 更没有一处提到一个国家的名字或具体事例一切都隐晦委婉模糊不清例如 三、 1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. (我们不敢以怯弱来引诱他们因为只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军事装备时我们才能真正有把握地确信永远不会使用武力)para12 一场规模空前的军备竞赛的动因被说成了We dare not tempt them with weakness. Understatement的运用变主动为被动变张牙舞爪为委曲求全 2. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.para6 (团结,将使我们在许多合作事业中无往而不胜,分裂,我们将一事无成) 三、parallelism(平行结构) parallelism是将结构相同或相似，意义并重语气一致的语言成分、短语、句子乃至语段等并行排列的一种修辞手法，这种辞格可以使语言简洁明了，结构精致对称，声调铿锵有力、叙事生动逼真语意鲜明突出。 1、 not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. 并不是因为共产党可能在这样做，也不是因为我们需要他们的选票，而是因为这样做是正确的。（para8） 2、We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.(para3) 让我们的朋友和敌人都能听见我此时此地的话语，火炬已经传给新一代美国人，这一代人在本世纪诞生经受过战争的锻炼，得到过艰难痛苦的和平的磨炼，他们为我国悠久的传统感到自豪，他们不愿目睹或听任我国历来所承诺的今天仍在国内外所保证的人权遭到肆意践踏。 四、Repetition重复 Repetition是对某个词或语言成分进行重复，借以加强语气和感情是一种常见的英语冗余现象。这种现象起到加强语势，表达深刻的思想，增强语言节奏感的作用，能产生速度节奏音响色彩气氛等不同效应。 1、 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 让我们决不要由于害怕而谈判!但我们决不能害怕谈判。Para14 2、 For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.（因为只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军事设备时!我们才能真正有把握确信永远不会使用武力）para12 四、 Regression 回环 这种辞格是语言美的一种表现形式，其语言美学特点是均衡中有变通变化中有整齐。常表现为前句的尾部成为后句的首部，后句的尾部成为前句的首部，在实际运用中此格式往往比较灵活多样不拒一格，可细分为换词回环（如例1）错综回环（如例2）减词回环依次回环和增词回环例如： 1、 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 让我们决不要由于害怕而谈判!但我们决不能害怕谈判。Para14 2、 my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country.Para25 六Climax(层进法) 这种辞格句型对称，采用由轻到重、由弱到强、由浅到深、由小到大、由低到高的语言格式&，这种手法清楚醒目，结构整齐，气势贯通，感染力强&，例如： All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days nor in the life of this Administration nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us beg所有这一切不可能在100天内完成也不可能在1,000天或者在本届政府任期内完成，甚至也许不可能在我们居住在这个星球上的有生之年内完成。Para20 七、Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法) 这种辞格事实上就是英语反义词的一种灵活运用，即把意义上互相对立互不协调的两个反义词置于一处构成词面矛盾在逻辑意义上不能并列，但实则可以深刻揭