高考英语 语法被动语态复习教案19 牛津译林版.docVIP

被动语态复习语态(voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：(1) john helped peter.(2) peter was helped by john.句(1) helped是主动态；句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 e.g. football is played all over the world.im often asked to do this work. 我常常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：was/were +过去分词 e.g. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xian. they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.when was the building completed? 这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词be going to + be + 过去分词e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon.they are going to be given a difficult test.一般过去将来时：should(would) be+过去分词e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon. he told me that the film would be shown the next week.现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词e.g. the new airport is being built by a foreign company.一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。the song is being sung by the girls now.过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there.the student was being criticized when i went into the teachers office.将来完成时：will have been+过去分词e.g. by the end of next term 2000 english words will have been learned.the building will have been built by next year.现在完成时：has/have + bee n +过去分词e.g. all the tickets have been sold .the book has been translated into many languages.这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：had been+过去分词e.g. forty schools had been visited by last year.all the tickets had been sold out when i got to the cinema.过去将来完成时：would have been+过去分词e. g. he said many words would have been learned by 2001.they promised that ten books would have been published by the next month.情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 e.g. this road must be mended.the machine parts may be needed in our work.工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。动词不定式：to be + 过去分词e.g. im glad to be asked questions.it is impossible for lost time to be made up.失去的时间不可弥补。主要用法被动态常用于下列几种场合：1当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；printing was introduced into europe from china. 印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。the airplane was made in u.s. such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；the song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。thousands of rivers are polluted in the country.3. 出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。you are requested to get here in time.请您准时来这儿。带行为主体的被动态行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为( by +主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责。e.g. the village was destroyed by a bomb. 这个村庄毁于炸弹。the painting is very valuable. it was painted by van gogh.这幅画很值钱，它是梵高画的。其它用法补充1.“it + 被动语态+ that 从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：say, think, believe, agree, expect, consider, feel, know, decide, report, suggest, prove 等。e.g. it is said that prices will rise again this month.据说本月物价还将上涨。it is thought that about a million dogs are born each year.据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。it is reported that all the passengers died in the crash.据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。it i