九年级英语下册 Module 7 Eating together西方礼仪文章背景材料 外研版.doc

西方礼仪it is a great help for the person who is learning a foreign language to know some customs and manners for the people who speaks it, because the language is very closely associated with them. i will tell you some common western manners. 1. meeting and greeting people 1) greeting the simplest thing to say is good morning, good afternoon or good evening. this greeting is given to one whom you know only slightly, or to any one you are passing quickly. how are you is usually used when you are not in such a hurry. no answer is expected other than fine, thank you. hello is the commonest form of greeting between good friends. 2) when a man raises his hat if you are wearing a hat which can be taken bold of easily, it is customary to raise it slightly off your head when you greet a girl or a woman. 3) when to shake hands it is customary to shake hands when you first meet someone. and usually friends shake hands when they meet after not having seen each other for some time. however it is not necessary to shake hands. 4) use the persons name it is always good form to use the name of the person you are greeting. you might say, good morning, mr. moncrieff or hello, franklin., a persons surname should be used unless he is good friend or school-mate. 2. introduction 1) how to introduce people in introducing two people, the general rule is: introduce other people to the person you wish to honor. the old are honored in the west as in china. women have been honoured in the west since the days of knighthood (骑士时代）. 2) rising at introduction a man always rise for an introduction, except that it is sometimes all right for an elderly man to remain seated when a young man is introduced to him. the hostess always rises for an introduction. 3) introducing yourself if you want to meet someone, it is better to ask a friend who know him to introduce you. but sometimes at a meeting or gathering it is all right to introduce yourself to a fellow-student, or to one of the same sex and position. 3. invitation 1) you must reply to an invitation foreign custom is much more strict than chinese custom in the matter of replying to invitations. when you receive an invitation you should answer it immediately, saying definitely whether you are able to accept it or not. 2) written or verbal reply if the invitation is given by word of mouth, in conversation or at a chance meeting, you should answer at once whether you can come or not. if you cannot give an answer at that time, you may say, may i let you know this evening? or some such words. 4. in the home 1) the right time to arrive when invited to luncheon, dinner, or supper, it is very impolite to arrive late, as it is usually planned to have the meal at the exact hour given in the invitation. 2) in arrival when you arrive, the hostess or some member of the family will probably meet you at the door and take your coat and hat. in the winter time you should dress more lightly than usually, as you may expect the rooms to be warmer than in most chinese homes. 3) in a few minutes the hostess will ask her guests to come in to dinner. she may or may not ask each gentleman to take a lady in. if she does, the lady will take the gentlemans arm as they walk into the dinning room. if she does not, the ladies will go in first, followed by the gentlemen. the hostess will either point out their seats to the guests as they come in or have a place card at each place with the guests name on it. 4) how long to stay after the meal is over it is not polite to leave for at least half an hour, lest you seem to have come only for the meal. an evening dinner invitation usually implies that you stay for the whole evening. the hostess often plans some after-dinner entertainment. 5) what to say on leaving when leaving any kind of a party, a guest always expresses his appreciation to the hostess. some such words as these are appropriate. thank you so much. ive had a delight evening. 5. table manners 1) as soon as the hostess picks up her napkin(餐巾）, pick yours up and lay it on your lap. sometimes a roll of bread is wrapped in it; if so, toke it our and put it on your side plate. 2) the soup course dinner usually begins with soup. the largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. it will be beside your plate at the right-hand side. 3) the fish course if there is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup. there may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. often it is smaller. 4) the meat course the main course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl(鸡禽) or a roast which need to be carved. he will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark（红肉） or light（白肉）. 5) using knife and fork if you have english and american friends you will notice a few differences in their customs of eating. for the main or meat curse, the english keep the fork in the left hand, point curved downward, and bring the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in thi