九年级英语全册 Unit 4 What would you do要点详解 人教新目标版.doc

2013年九年级英语全册 unit 4 what would you do要点详解 人教新目标版section a1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。if he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) if he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）if i were you, i would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）if there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形与现在事实相反if i had time, i would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。) if i were you, i would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不可能是你。)i would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上现在没有人请我当电影演员) if i knew his telephone number, i would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）if there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)与过去事实相反 if he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race.如果约翰的腿之前没受伤，那么赢得比赛的就会是他。（实际情况：约翰的腿受伤了。）if i had been invited, i would have come to the party.如果邀请我的话，我就会参加晚会。（实际情况：当时没人邀请我，我也没去。）if i had got there earlier, i should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） if he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）与将来事实相反或表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小） if it were to / should rain tomorrow, i would stay in bed all day long. 如果明天下雨，我就睡一整天。（实际情况：明天不太可能下雨，我也不太可能睡一整天。） if he would come here tomorrow, i should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） if there were a heavy snow next sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了，（事实：不知能否下雪）if you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你成功了，一切都会好起来的。（实际情况：成功的可能性很小）2）虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式i wish i had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-edi wish i had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形i wish i should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 he suggested he insisted he demand that we (should) take the teachers advice he ordered 在虚拟条件句中，如果从句的谓语有were, had或should时，从句可省略if，用倒装句，即were, had或should移到主语之前。 were she free now, she would go with you.如果她现在有空，她会和你去的。 =if she were free now, she would go with you.were they here now, they could help us. 如果他们现在在这儿，它们会帮助我们的 =if they were here now, they could help us. had you come earlier, you would have met him 如果你来早一点，你就遇到他了。 =if you had come earlier, you would have met him.should it rain, the crops would be saved.如果下雨，庄稼就会得救。 =were it to rain, the crops would be saved.2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 i pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事 the students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in. pretend +从句 假装 i pretended that i fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到 如： i am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. medical research 医学研究5. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如： what if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？ what if li lei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？6. add sth. to sth. 添加到 如： i added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。7. tie 1) cn “领带，领结”he wears a blue tie. 2) vt “系，栓”（tie a to b 把a栓到b上）如：tie the horse the treesection b1. confident adj. “自信的，有把握的” 1）get/feel/be confident of + n/pron/v-ing “确信，对有信心” 2）get/feel/be confident that-clause “确信，对有信心” she is confident of passing the exam.= she is confident that she can pass the exam. 她自信会通过考试。2. in public 在公共场所 如: dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。3. energetic adj. 活力的 如：she is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。 energy n. 活力 如：she has lots of energies. 她有活力。4. give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告have a report 听报告5. without permission 未经许可 ask ones permission 请求某人的允许6. wait for sb.等某人 如：i am waiting for him. 我正在等他。7. introduce oneself 自我介绍introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：i introduced lily to anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。8. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如： lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。9.“许多”的不同用法： 1）只用于修饰可数名词复数：many, a large number of, large numbers of, a great/good many, quite a few 2) 只用于修饰不可数名词：much, a great/good deal of, quit a little, a large amount of 3) 既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词：a lot of, lots of, plenty of10. get along (with)=get on (with) 1）进行，进展the business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。 how are you getting along with your english study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？2）相处 do you get along with your boss?= do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗？im getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。11. bother 1) vt “烦扰，打扰” bother sb about/with sth 使某人为某事烦恼/为某事给某人造成麻烦/为某事打扰某人 i dont want to bother her about my problem. 2) vi “烦恼，操心” bother about/with sth(doing sth) bother to do sth “为某事烦恼/操心” 3）un “麻烦，纠纷”11notin the slightest = notat all 根本不，一点也不 the old lady does not feel tired in the slightest.= the old lady does not feel tired at all. 那位老太太根本没感到累。12. one or two hours = an hour or two一两个小时 one or two days = a day or two一两天13. would rather than （= would rather than）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sthwould rather do sth than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sthhe would rather jog than play football.=he prefers jogging to playing football. would rather do sth“宁愿做某事”he would rather watch tv at home.rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。 i decided to write rather than telephone. i like going out with you rather than with him. she enjoys listening rather than speaking.self check reading1. in fact 事实上2. at lunch time 在午饭时间3. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：dont let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。4. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如：he came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如：lily caught up with anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。5. cover a with b 用b遮/盖住a dont cover your face with the book.不要用书遮住你的脸。 be covered with 被覆盖 the field is covered with snow. 田野上一片积雪。6. give advice on 在方面提出意见、建议 7. know of/about 了解，听说过8. be faced with “面临，面对”9. have experience (in) doing sth 在做某事有经验 如： i have experience teaching chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。10. come out 出版，出来 如：the magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。11. in.situation(s) “在形势/情况/处境下” 如：he is in a difficult situation.他处境困难。12. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：last week i cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。13. hurry to do sth 匆忙做某事 i hurry to call the police. 14. more than=over 超过15. offer1) (主动)拿给，给予 offer sb sth = offer sth to sb （主动地）给某人某物 2）offer to do sth 主动提出做某事16.give sb sth=give sth to sb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等buy sb sth=buy sth for sb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等17.look for寻找find找到、发现find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。18. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事19. the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。the other(s) 只能指代可数名词20.宾语从句 ：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成 常由下面的一些词引导： 1）由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 he says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 2）由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等) i dont know if / whether wei hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。. 连词if / whether引导宾语从句时两者常可互换。但if只用于动词后面引导宾语从句，下列情况用whether不用if： 与动词不定式连用时；i dont know whether to g