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液力传动变速箱的设计与仿真设计【5张CAD图纸+毕业论文】

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关键词：: 液力传动变速箱设计仿真 cad图纸毕业论文液力传动变速箱

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液力传动变速箱的设计与仿真设计

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倒档离合器装配图.dwg

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外文翻译--美国Allison 液力传动变速箱检测试验台研制与应用.doc

摘要.doc

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液力传动变速箱的设计与仿真设计论文.doc

目录.doc

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前进离合器装配图.gif

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液力传动变速箱设计与仿真

摘要

本课题是设计一个液力传动变速箱，液力传动变速箱是汽车中的驱动设备，广泛的应用于叉车、牵引车、挖掘车等工业车辆中。根据本次设计的的要求，本论文是一个驱动60吨的液力传动变速箱设计过程。液力传动变速箱主要由变速箱、液力变矩器、油泵总成与主调压阀和溢流阀组件、操纵阀组件、离合器和液压控制等部分组成。由液力变矩器提供转矩和具有前进二档、后退二档共四个档位的动力换档变速箱，液力传动变速箱采用单级二相三工作轮综合式液力变矩器。液力变矩器使该液力传动变速箱具有液力传动输出的自动适应性，能随着外负载的变化而相应改变其输出扭矩和转速，而且要求能够吸收和消除来自发动机和外负载对传动系统的冲击振动。所采用的换档方式要求操纵简单、方便，起动平稳，较大地减轻操作者劳动强度。

本课题通过液力传动变速箱主要参数的设计，用三维设计软件Pro/E来实现液力传动变速箱的零部件造型和整机造型。在液力传动变速箱设计过程中，在投入生产之前利用计算机进行装配仿真，及时纠正设计中的不足。

关键字：液力传动变速箱；液力变矩器；离合器；操纵阀

The Liquid Dint Spread To Move To Become Soon a Box a Design With Imitate True

ABSTRACT

This topic is a design a liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box, the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box is in the car of drive an equipments, extensive of application at the fork car, lead a car and scoop out a car etc. industry vehicle in.According to this time design of of request, this thesis is soon a the liquid dint which drive 60 tons to spread to move to become box design process.The liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box main from become soon the box, liquid dint change Ju machine, oil pump total become with lord adjust to press valve and overflow to flow valve module and manipulate valve module, clutch and liquid to press control etc. part constitute.From the liquid dint change the Ju machine provide to turn Ju and have to go forward two files, retreat two files' motive of four total file shift gear to become soon a box, the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box an adoption list class two mutually three work round comprehensive type liquid the dint change Ju machine.The liquid dint change the Ju machine make that liquid dint spread to move to become soon the box have liquid dint to spread to move output's auto adaptability, ability along with outside load of variety but correspond change it output twist Ju and turn soon, and request can absorb and cancellation come from launching machine and outside load to spread to move system of pound at vibration.Adoption of shift gear a way request to manipulate simple, convenience, start steady, compare the earth ease operation labor strength.

This topic through a liquid dint spread to move to become a box the design of the main parameter soon, use 3D design the software Pro/E come to realization liquid the dint spread to move to become soon zero parts shape and the whole machine shape of box.In the liquid dint spread move become soon the box the design the process, at devotion produce before make use of the calculator carry on assemble to imitate true, rectify a design in time in of shortage.

Keywords: The Liquid Dint Spread To Move To Become Soon A Box;Become Soon Box;The Liquid Dint Change Ju Machine;Clutch;Manipulate valve

1 绪论1

1.1 研究的目的和意义1

1.2 本课题的主要研究内容1

1.3 国内外研究现状2

1.3.1 发展概述2

1.3.2 液力传动变速箱的技术发展趋势2

2 总体方案的设计3

2.1 液力传动变速箱概述3

2.2 主要技术参数3

2.3 工作原理3

2.4 结构介绍4

2.4.1 变速箱4

2.4.2 液力变矩器4

2.4.3 油泵总成4

2.4.4 主调压阀、溢流阀部件5

2.4.5 操纵阀部件5

2.4.6 离合器5

2.5 变速箱的三维建模及运动仿真5

2.6 变速箱使用注意事项5

2.7 本章小结6

3 变速箱设计7

3.1 变速箱传动方案设计7

3.2 前进档设计8

3.2.1 前进挡概述8

3.2.2 前进挡档数的确定8

3.2.3 前进挡齿轮设计8

3.2.4 齿轮强度计算方法概述9

3.2.5 前进挡轴的设计9

3.3 倒档设计10

3.3.1 倒档概述10

3.3.2 倒档零件设计11

3.4 刹车档设计11

3.5 变速箱总体结构12

3.6 本章小结12

4 液力变矩器设计13

4.1 液力变矩器概述13

4.2 液力变矩器的结构与工作原理13

4.3 液力变矩器的设计计算14

4.3.1 液力变矩器的转矩功率计算14

4.3.2 液力变矩器循环圆设计14

4.3.3 液力变矩器叶片设计15

4.3.4 液力变矩器各种性能及其评价15

4.4 液力变矩器的冷却装置设计16

4.5 本章小结16

5 液压传动部分设计17

5.1 液力传动变速箱油路原理17

5.2 油泵总成设计17

5.3 主调压阀、溢流阀部件18

5.4 本章小结19

6 离合器（专题部分）20

6.1 引言20

6.2 离合器的功能与要求21

6.3 离合器的结构方案的确定21

6.3.1 摩擦离合器的基本组成和工作原理21

6.3.2 离合器的结构方案分析22

6.4湿式多片式液力离合器的结构与工作原理26

6.4.1 结构介绍26

6.4.2 工作原理27

6.5 前进离合器的设计与计算29

6.5.1 离合器的基本参数和主要尺寸的选择29

6.5.2 从动盘的设计31

6.5.3 压盘设计32

6.5.4 压紧弹簧的设计计算33

6.5.5 扭转减振器的设计34

6.6倒档离合器的设计与计算35

6.6.1 倒档离合器基本参数的选择35

6.6.2 从动盘的设计36

6.6.3 压盘设计37

6.6.4 压紧弹簧的设计计算38

6.6.5 扭转减振器的设计38

6.7 本章小结39

7 操纵阀组件（专题部分）40

7.1 离合器操纵机构介绍40

7.2 操纵阀原理简介41

7.3 操纵阀结构设计41

7.4 本章小结44

8 变速箱的三维动态仿真45

8.1 PRO/E软件介绍45

8.2 变速箱三维模型的建立45

8.3 变速箱的动态仿真46

8.3.1 机构模块简介46

8.3.2 总体界面及使用环境46

8.3.3 机械设计模块的分析流程46

8.3.4 机械设计运动分析详解47

8.3.5 运行分析47

8.3.6 齿轮从动连接47

8.3.7回放47

8.4 三维模型转换为工程图48

8.4.1 图样转换的实现48

8.4.2 变速箱各部分工程图48

8.5 本章小结50

9 总结51

谢辞52

参考文献53

1.1 研究的目的和意义

（1）液力传动变速箱设计是机械工程及自动化专业学生的一次比较完整的某类机械的整体设计。通过设计，培养学生独立的机械整机的分析能力，树立正确的设计思想，掌机电一体化产品设计的基本方法和步骤，为自动化机械设计打下良好的基础。

（2通过设计，把有关课题（机械原理、机械设计、液力传动、汽车构造、CAD技术、Pro/E）中获得的理论知识在实际中综合地加以利用，使这些知识得到巩固与发展，使理论知识与生活密切地结合起来。因此，液力传动变速箱的设计是有关专业基础和专业课后综合性的专业设计。

（3）通过设计，熟练的应用有关参考资料，计算图表、手册、图册和规范，熟悉有关国家标准，培养学生独立工作与分工合作完成大型设计的能力和在机械整体设计方面所必备的基本技能。

（4）本次设计的具体要求：进行相关的机械、液力传动以及液压控制等方面的理论与技术研究，开发基于机电一体化的高效、简易、稳定。

（5）随着国家经济建设的不断发展,对液力传动变速箱的需求量将逐年大幅度增加，液力传动变速箱用户对性能要求越来越高。本次设计致力于研究出更加实用、合理的液力传动变速箱。

1.2 本课题的主要研究内容

本次设计的液力传动变速箱是由液力变矩器和具有前进二档、后退二档共四个档位的动力换档变速箱组成的液力传动变速箱。设计的主要任务包括总体方案设计、结构与零部件设计、液压控制部分设计、变速箱的三维建模与运动仿真。液力传动变速箱采用单级二相三工作轮综合式液力变矩器。液力变矩器使该液力传动变速箱具有液力传动输出的自动适应性，能随着外负载的变化而相应改变其输出扭矩和转速，而且要求能够吸收和消除来自发动机和外负载对传动系统的冲击振动。所采用的换档方式要求带有缓冲阀，使操纵简单、方便，起动平稳，较大地减轻操作者劳动强度。

除此之外，还要学会湿式多片式液力离合器的设计方法以及设计液压控制整体的油路。这样，每个部分协调工作，构成完整的液力传动变速箱。并学会用Pro/E建造部件的三维造型和运动仿真。

在设计过程中学会查阅相关技术文献、资料、手册，并进行计算和绘图及编写文本。在解决工程问题时必须有全局观点、生产观点和经济观点，并树立正确的设计思路和严谨的工作作风，熟悉机电液一体化技术工作的一般程序和方法。

1.3 国内外研究现状

1.3.1 发展概述

20世纪80年代中期，液力传动变速箱在国外得以迅速发展，普及率愈来愈高，除了大排量发动机继续装备液力传动变速箱之外，发动机排量在ZL以下的轿车也大量装备液力传动变速箱，而且不少车型都把它作为标准配置推出。液力传动变速箱在我国一直是处于十分落后状态，除了70年代长春第一汽车制造厂曾为红旗牌轿车配置了液力传动变速箱之后，将近二十多年来，国产轿车从未出现过液力传动变速箱总成。自从20世纪80年代以来，国外大量的现代轿车进人我国市场，特别在一些国际化大都市，装备有液力传动变速箱的进口轿车迅速增长。随着我国改革开放的进一步深入，国家对汽车工业的投资规模日益扩大，国内外汽车生产企业对高质量、高水平、高效率的液力传动变速箱的需求越来越迫切。

1.3.2液力传动变速箱的技术发展趋势

随着国内汽车市场的发育成长，液力传动变速箱产品型谱逐步细化，产品的针对性越来越强，因此在保证现有液力传动变速箱生产和改进的同时，要充分认识到加入WTO后良好的合作开发机遇，取长补短，同时更应认识到供方、买方、替代者、产品竞争者的巨大压力。要紧跟重型商用车行业向高档、高技术含量和智能化方向发展的趋势，要紧跟客车低地板化、绿色环保化、城市公交大型化的发展方向，开发和生产具有自主知识产权、适合我国国情的重型车用液力传动变速箱。2.1 液力传动变速箱概述

液力传动变速箱已有60多年的历史，目前工业车辆普遍使用的是液力传动变速箱。人们经常把液力传动变速箱和无级变速箱两个概念混为一谈。实际上这两种变速箱工作原理完全不同。

液力传动变速箱主要利用液力变矩器配合差动轮系齿轮箱实现换挡功能。传动过程中，液力变矩器中液体分子在高压，高速运动中有相对运动。液力传动变速箱档位少变化大，连接平稳，因此操作容易，既给开车人带来方便，也给坐车人带来舒适。

2.2 主要技术参数

驱动60吨的液力传动变速箱主要设计参数：

1）外形尺寸： 740×580×620mm

2）功率： 70Kw

3）转速： 2200r/min

4）油压： 1.2~1.5Mpa

5）力矩： 70N.m

6）净质量： ≤400kg

7）变速要求：四级

2.3 工作原理

本次设计的液力传动变速箱主要利用液力变矩器配合变速箱中的齿轮实现换挡功能。液力变矩器由泵轮、涡轮和导轮等构件组成，泵轮和涡轮是一对工作组合，它们就好似相对放置的两台风扇，一台风扇吹出的风力会带动另一台风扇的叶片旋转，风力成了动能传递的媒介，如果用液体代替空气成为传递动能的媒介，泵轮就会通过液体带动涡轮旋转，再在泵轮和涡轮之间加上导轮，通过反作用力使泵轮和涡轮之间实现转速差就可以实现变速变矩了。由于液力变矩器自动变速变矩范围不够大，因此在涡轮后面再串联几排齿轮提高效率。

液力传动变速箱是通过湿式多片液力离合器限制或接通齿轮组中的某些齿轮得到不同的传动比。所以换挡品质的好坏与这些离合器和制动器有直接关系。根据汽车挡次的不同，出于成本考虑，经济型车的液力传动变速箱的控制机构通常被设计得很简单。

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内容简介：: 江西理工大学应用科学学院毕业设计附录附录A：The United States The Allison Liquid Dint Spread To Move To Become Soon A Box An Examination Experiment The Set Develop With ApplicationAbstract: Article analysis Allison in the United States become soon box structure, work principle and function characteristics, developped liquid dint to spread to move to become soon box examination experiment set, introduction become soon box big fix to solve in the process of key problem.Keywords: The Allison become soon box; The examination experiment Taiwan; Develop; Application1. IntroductionAlong with society economy of fly soon development, the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box gradual replaced a machine type to spread move of common become soon box.According to investigate, the United States Alli2 son etc. the liquid dint spread to move to become soon box market dosage very big, but its price be expensive, structure complications, fix a technique content Gao, break down judgment difficulty big, and still demand examination experiment the pedestal arouse operation, examination the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box of hydraulic-pneumatic, turn soon, temperature etc., acceptance various technique parameter, judgment expel break down.But want to purchase a set an examination an equipments demand investment more than 10000 dollars 200.For the sake of economy availably exaltation the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box to fix speed and quality and expand big northwest of fix a market, long celebrate petroleum to investigate to explore a bureau three service center machine of the oil extraction techniques to maintain station by oneself design manufacturing the ZF, Allison liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box examination experiment set etc. the work pack an equipments, and devotion the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box fix usage medium;Development Germany ZF, the United States the Allison liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box to fix a craft technique, success fixed ZF, Allison to become box soon take burden examination experiment empress install to fix well on board devotion fix well usage.The United States the Allison liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box examination experiment develop of pedestal, make the liquid dint after fix spread to move to become soon the box can pass examination experiment the pedestal take burden examination experiment, acceptance technique parameter, judgment expel break down, analysis application effect etc.Request develop of the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box examination experiment set in time accurately reflection quilt examination the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box of each item technique parameter, include examination acceptance various block one hydraulic-pneumatic, lubricate hydraulic-pneumatic, turn soon, torque, temperature etc. technique parameter, judgment expel difference ring, reveal a clutch, make to move a machine, clutch dozen slippery, return to a can not compare with etc. break down.For making the liquid dint spread to move to become soon box examination experiment set design reasonable, insure big fix examination to experiment behind of the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box work steady, function stability, safety credibility, we first research the liquid dint spread to move to become soon the structure, function of the box and work principle.2 Become soon box structure and work principleAllison in the United States become soon the box be main from change to twist a machine and shut lock clutch, planet wheel gear and clutch, liquid dint gearbox to constitute.(1).Change to twist a machine: From the pump round, turbine, lead a round to constitute a circulation circle system, liquid in proper order pass circulation to flow.Pump round from launch machine to drive, is a motive importation component.The turbine is through liquid dint spread to move by the pump round, is a power output component.The function which lead a round lead to flow and enlarge to twist Ju.The gearbox provide an oil pump continuously to change the Ju machine provide oil and make to change Ju machine work, increment launch machine of output twist Ju.The oil which pass to change a Ju machine to eject take calories of change the Ju machine.Liquid from pump by turn go into turbine change direction.Leading a round will from the turbine run off of oil through oil way change direction empress again inflow pump round, so lead a round to be subjected to an adverse effect twist Ju.Turbine and pump round twist Ju ratio for change Ju ratio, with turn of turbine and pump round soon ratio lower but enlarge, with output turn soon of exaltation, change Ju ratio lower.Passing to change a Ju machine, outputting to turn soon can have no class variety, drive to twist Ju auto the orientation need of load twist Ju.When the turbine turn to soon attain a pump to rotate soon of the turbine twist Ju to equal pump round to twist Ju and change at this time Ju machine equal to 1 accidentally match a machine.When the car soon go up, change Ju ratio close 1, and lead dint to no longer enlarge, shut lock clutch auto shut lock.(2).Shut lock clutch(CT type and CBT type excepted):be the turbine go up certain turn soon, liquid pressure auto pair of pump round and turbine lock live.Become soon while shut the function of lock clutch box importation stalk of turn soon with launch machine homology.(3)Planet wheel gear and clutch:The four sets of planet rows wheel gears creation is five headway file and 1 to pour file.The planet wheel gear manipulate through six clutch that the liquid press a coalescence.All wheel gear for often the Nie match type.(4)Liquid dint gearbox:CBT and CLBT754 type become soon the box have liquid dint gearbox.Liquid dint gearbox top have a take leafs slice of turn son and two take leafs slice of settle son to constitute.(5) Block and coalescence clutch:Empty block:one file clutch, 2 file clutches.Go forward file:one file and one file clutch, 2 files and 2 file clutches, 3 files and 3 file clutches, 4 files and 4 file clutches, 5 files and 5 file clutches.Pour file:5 file with one file clutch, 5 files with 2 file clutches.3.The liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box a function characteristicsIn the equal work under the condition, with common become soon the box compare, usage the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box can stanza oil 5% be 22%.And operation simple, usage convenience, function credibility.Launch machine and spread service life of move the system and launch the motive, economy of the machine and the safety function effect of the vehicle equipments to show Zhao very to the exaltation.The Allison liquid dint in the United States spread to move to become soon a box a which is 1 kind to be located on motive machine and work machine of take liquid as a work to lie the fluid of quality to spread to move a machine, and according to load power of variety to realization become soon.In the meantime, according to material of demand can allocation cent move a box brief name Christian Trinity box.Control part at will sex be strong, can constitution the machine control, electricity control, spirit control, the liquid control system and equip.Can according to need constitution to realization auto become soon.Its adaptability is strong and also to have to lead to carry protection function etc.BE exactly because of this kind of many precious characteristics which spread to move part to have in spread moving function, make it get day by day extensive of application.And regardless it application of a realm still its product sale, all increase with each passing day of trend, its development foreground very vast.4.The liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box examination to experiment a set to developFor the exaltation liquid dint spread to move to become a fix of box speed soon, insure to fix quality, we developped liquid dint to spread to move to become soon box examination experiment set etc. the work equip have.4.1 whole conceive outline a designOwing to drive examination the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box a control part at will sex be strong, as a result can constitution become electricity to control, the liquid control, spirit control or machine control.Its equipments turn to is main examination pressure, we acquired necessary material locally design total size is long 3. 65 m, breadth 0. 7 m, Gao 1. The liquid dint with 9 m spread to move to become soon a box examination to experiment Taiwan.Be suitable for to install examination Allison or ZF etc. various size, model number dissimilarity of the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box.4.2 control systems and work principleIn the liquid dint spread to move to become a box an examination soon experiment pedestal control plank operation on the stage constitution six big control system:power supply control system, SVF(change the Pin adjust soon) control the system, liquid press control system, ZF control system, Allison control system, load regulate system, gather electricity to control, the liquid control, spirit control, the machine control for the integral whole, examination the function be well-found, shape beauty, operation simple, try movement safety credibility. Power supply control system:the control change the Pin adjust soon a machine, electrical engineering, liquid to press and the ZF, Allison etc. be each control the power supply need by system. SVF(change the Pin adjust soon) control system:main from SVF- 400 change the Pin adjust soon a machine to constitute, control 55 kW,The electrical engineering of 2950 r/ min turn soon, make the electrical engineering turn to can arbitrarily regulate soon in the provision turn soon the scope, the realization become soon box dissimilarity block a become of soon.Turned soon watch to is clear at a glance at any time a reflection the dissimilarity of the electrical engineering to turn soon. Liquid press control system: is become soon box auto encourage, change oil system, can also seal completely inside examination clutch whether piece reveal or not.It is pressed four valve, 4 KW electric motor, fuel tank, liquid of pump, 3 by the liquid to press pipelines etc. to constitute.Hydraulic-pneumatic plankTop of oil pressure gauge clearly reflection block one hydraulic-pneumatic hydraulic-pneumatic with system. ZF control system:main become for the control ZF box soon block of conversion, design a set of procedure. Allison: The HT750 Allison in DR the United States become soon the box have 7 to block, namely D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, N, R.According to generator load the variety of the power realization become soon become of box soon. Load control system:main examination become soon box of output power, from power form, load control the cabinet, generator.etc. constitute. Spirit road and oil road control:spirit the road is soon main control to become the box shift gear organization, oil road control become soon box of performance organization, be also rub slice with make to move a combine of machine or separate.5 Conclusion:The Allison become soon the box be big to fix to solve in the process of key problemThe well next three company HT750 DR the United States the Allison become soon the box pass disintegration check detection existence the following problem: (1)Note the oil pump drive a wheel gear dozen to drop, the metals end drop into become soon box oil bottom hull;1- 5 file clutches rub a slice to wear away;Shut the lock clutch rub a slice to wear away.We will cant repair of note oil pump, push bearings, lead bridge wheel gear and bearings, drive wheel gear and all rub slice, seal completely a piece and filter Xin to carry on replace, assemble each cent total become again construction become become soon box.Put clean become soon box oil, tie up good the outside Lou oil way, use fix fix steady.Will become soon box total become install to arrive an examination experiment on the stage, press test the norm carry on adjusting to try and come to an index sign request.Make to move a machine work normal, just like ring, reveal, success devotion fix well usage.(2) The well next two company fix Allison in DR the United States of the well machine HT750 to become soon box temperature to lead Gao, pressure lead low.At the disintegration install to fix well after fix on board, change the Ju machine leak oil till to launch the machine flywheel hull body, make to launch the machine flywheel hull oil to go up, the pressure go up and result in flywheel hull the oil seal leak oil.Because leak oil to several times dismantle to unload a check justDetection this set become soon change of box the Ju machine outer shell crack.Get on the car after re- weldingThe bed process good, break down can expel.(3) Fix the company CLT754 especially the United States the Allison become soon box disintegration check hour detection problem being more: Note an oil pump wheel gear loose bearings in the Kuang damage;Two file pistons sell pillar to break Sun 1;Medium the seniority star wheel gear loose mineral;Turn soon a form stalk head to wear away;Shut lock backboard and(rhombus) key wear away;The principal axis(take a wheel gear flower key) stalk head wear away;Take dint bearings, shut a lock to rub a slice and each go forward file steel slice, rub slice, seal completely a piece damage.We replace medium seniority star total become etc. total become piece or accessories 91, processed repair to note an oil pump total become, principal axis, flywheel total become, shut lock backboard, one file piston etc., expel break down, solved existence of problem.Construction adjust to try to complete, send produce to front install to fix well on board devotion fix well usage.(4) Wells descending the two greatest brigades CLT754 the United States Allison to become soon a box speed is soonlow, temperature Gao, shut lock clutch dozen slippery, rub slice and steel slice wear away.Pass to dismantle each file of check detection friction slice and steel slice, seal completely a piece and push dint bearings damage.We replaced to seal completely a piece big fix pack, each file rub slice and steel slice, push bearings etc. is 68, construction adjust to try to complete, install to fix well on board devotion fix well usage.附录B：美国Allison 液力传动变速箱检测试验台研制与应用摘要: 文章分析了美国Allison 变速箱结构、工作原理及性能特点,研制了液力传动变速箱检测试验台,介绍了变速箱大修过程中解决的主要问题。关键词: Allison 变速箱; 检测试验台; 研制; 应用1 引言随着社会经济的飞速发展 ,液力传动变速箱逐渐取代了机械式传动的普通变速箱。据调查，美国Allison 等液力传动变速箱市场用量很大 ,但其价格昂贵、结构复杂、修理技术含量高、故障判断难度大 ,而且还需要检测试验台带动运转 ,检测液力传动变速箱的油压、转速、温度等 ,录取各种技术参数 ,判断排除故障。而要购买一台检测设备需要投资200 多万元。为了经济有效地提高液力传动变速箱修理速度和质量 ,开拓大西北的修理市场 ,长庆石油勘探局第三采油技术服务处机械维修站自行设计制造了ZF 、Allison 液力传动变速箱检测试验台等工装设备 ,并投入了液力传动变速箱修理使用中;开发了德国ZF 、美国Allison 液力传动变速箱修理工艺技术 ,成功修理了ZF 、Allison 变速箱 ,带负荷检测试验后安装到修井机上投入了修井使用。美国Allison 液力传动变速箱检测试验台的研制 , 使修理后的液力传动变速箱能够通过检测试验台带负荷检测试验 ,录取技术参数、判断排除故障,分析应用效果等。要求研制的液力传动变速箱检测试验台及时准确地反映被检测液力传动变速箱的各项技术参数 , 包括检测录取各种挡位油压、润滑油压、转速、扭力、温度等技术参数 ,判断排除异响、泄露离合器、制动器、离合器打滑、回位不及时等故障。为了使液力传动变速箱检测试验台设计合理 ,确保大修检测试验后的液力传动变速箱工作平稳、性能稳定、安全可靠 ,我们首先研究了液力传动变速箱的结构、性能及工作原理。2 变速箱结构及工作原理美国Allison 变速箱主要由变矩器、闭锁离合器、行星齿轮和离合器、液力变速器组成。（1）变矩器: 由泵轮、涡轮、导轮组成一个循环圆系统 ,液体顺序通过循环流动。泵轮由发动机驱动 ,是动力输入元件。涡轮由泵轮经过液力传动 ,是动力输出元件。导轮的作用是导流 ,增大扭矩。变速器的供油泵不断向变矩器供油,使变矩器工作 ,增加发动机的输出扭矩。通过变矩器排出的油带走变矩器的热量。液体由泵轮流入涡轮改变方向。导轮将从涡轮流出的油经油道改变方向后再流入泵轮 ,因此导轮受一反作用扭矩。涡轮与泵轮扭矩比为变矩比,随涡轮与泵轮的转速比降低而增大 ,随输出转速的提高,变矩比降低。通过变矩器 ,输出转速可无级变化 ,驱动扭矩自动适应所需的负载扭矩。当涡轮转速达到泵轮转速的涡轮扭矩等于泵轮扭矩 ,此时变矩器相当于一个偶合器。当车速升高,变矩比接近 1 ,且牵引力不再增大时,闭锁离合器就自动闭锁。（2）闭锁离合器（CT型和CBT型除外）:当涡轮升高到一定转速时,液压力自动把泵轮和涡轮锁住。在闭锁离合器的作用下 ,变速箱输入轴的转速和发动机相同。（3）行星齿轮和离合器：四组行星排齿轮产生五个前进档和一个倒档。行星齿轮通过六个液压接合的离合器操纵。全部齿轮为常啮合式。（4）液力变速器:CBT和CLBT754 型的变速箱装有液力变速器。液力变速器上有一个带叶片的转子和两个带叶片的定子组成。(5) 挡位和接合离合器:空挡:1档离合器、2档离合器。前进档:1档和 1档离合器、2 档和 2档离合器、3档和 3 档离合器、4 档和4档离合器、5档和5档离合器。倒档:5 档和 1 档离合器、5 档和2 档离合器。3.液力传动变速箱性能特点在同等工况下 ,与普通变速箱相比,使用液力传动变速箱可节油5 %22 % 。而且操作简单 ,使用方便 , 性能可靠。对提高发动机以及传动系统的使用寿命、发动机的动力性、经济性和车辆设备的安全性能效果十分显著。美国Allison 液力传动变速箱是一种位于动力机与工作机之间的以液体为工作介质的流体传动机械 ,并根据负载功率的变化来实

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