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挖掘机的挖掘工作装置设计【8张图纸】【优秀】.rar

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关键词：: 挖掘机挖掘工作装置设计图纸挖掘工作装置

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挖掘机的挖掘工作装置设计

50页 19000字数+说明书+外文翻译+8张CAD图纸【详情如下】

动臂改进图纸.dwg

动臂衬套.dwg

外文翻译--现代工程机械行业的技术进步.doc

总图.DWG

挖掘机的挖掘工作装置设计说明书.doc

摇臂.dwg

斗杆.dwg

斗齿.dwg

论文.doc

连杆.dwg

铲斗.dwg

QQ截图20140209154511.gif

铲斗.gif

动臂衬套.gif

动臂改进图纸.gif

斗齿.gif

斗杆.gif

连杆.gif

全部文件.gif

挖掘机的挖掘工作装置设计.gif

摇臂.gif

1绪论1

1.1课题背景及目的1

1.2 挖掘机发展简史1

1.3 挖掘机的基本类型1

1.4 国内外研究状况2

1.5 论文构成及研究内容3

2 总体方案设计4

2.1 工作装置构成4

2.2 动臂及斗杆的结构形式6

2.3 铲斗的结构选择6

2.4 液压挖掘机工矿分析6

2.5 液压挖掘机工作装置设计要求10

2.6 液压挖掘机工作装置的设计原则13

3工作装置运动学分析14

3.1 动臂运动分析14

3.2 斗杆的运动分析15

3.3 铲斗的运动分析16

3.4 特殊工作位置计算：19

4 反铲装置的设计22

4.1 挖掘装载机工作装置典型工况分析确定22

4.2 挖掘装载机工作装置的基本参数的选择23

4.3 油缸基本参数的选择和计算29

5 挖掘装置受力计算和强度计算34

5.1、挖掘阻力的计算34

5.1.1铲斗挖掘阻力的计算34

5.1.2斗杆挖掘阻力计算35

5.2 工作液压缸的理论挖掘力35

5.2.1铲斗挖掘时，铲斗缸的理论挖掘力35

5.2.2斗杆挖掘时，斗杆油缸的理论挖掘力36

5.3 整机理论挖掘力36

5.3.2铲斗挖掘40

6 总结43

致谢44

参考文献45

1绪论

1.1课题背景及目的

挖掘机在国民经济建设的许多行业被广泛地采用，如工业与民用建筑、交通运输、水利电气工程、农田改造、矿山采掘以及现代化军事工程等等行业的机械化施工中。据统计，一般工程施工中约有60%的土方量、露天矿山中80%的剥离量和采掘量是用挖掘机完成的。

随着我国基础设施建设的深入和在建设中挖掘机的广泛应用，挖掘机市场有着广阔的发展空间，因此发展满足我国国情所需要的挖掘机是十分必要的。而工作装置作为挖掘机的重要组成部分，对其研究和控制是对整机开发的基础。

反铲式单斗液压挖掘机工作装置是一个较复杂的空间机构，国内外对其运动分析、机构和结构参数优化设计方面都作了较深入的研究，具体的设计特别是中型挖掘机的设计已经趋于成熟。而关于反铲式单斗液压挖掘机的相关文献也很多，这些文献从不同侧面对工作装置的设计进行了论述。而笔者的设计知识和水平还只是一个学步的孩子，进行本课题的设计是为对挖掘机的工作装置设计有一些大体的认识，巩固所学的知识和提高设计能力。

1.2 挖掘机发展简史

第一台手动挖掘机问世至今已有130多年的历史，期间经历了由蒸汽驱动半回转挖掘机到电力驱动和内燃机驱动全回转挖掘机、应用机电液一体化技术的全自动液压挖掘机的逐步发展过程。

由于液压技术的应用，20世纪40年代有了在拖拉机上配装液压反铲的悬挂式挖掘机，20世纪50年代初期和中期相继研制出拖式全回转液压挖掘机和腰带式全液压挖掘机。初期试制的液压挖掘机是采用飞机和机床的液压技术，缺少适用于挖掘机各种工况的液压元件，制造质量不够稳定，配套件也不齐全[18][19]。从20世纪60年代起，液压挖掘机进入推广和蓬勃发展阶段、各国挖掘机制造厂和品种增加很快，产旦猛增。1968—1970年间，液压挖掘机产量已占挖掘机总产量的83％，目前已接近100％。

1.3. 挖掘机的基本类型

液压挖掘机也和机械式挖掘机一样，由工作装置、回转装置和行走装置等三大部分组成[1]。所以，我们可以从这三大部件的结构特点、功能和通用范围等方面来区分它的类型。

就液压挖掘机构整机结构而言，全部采用液压传动者称为全液压挖掘机；部分采用液压传动者则称为半液压挖掘机(多数情况下是行走装置用机械传功，其余均为液压传动。也有机体为机械传动，而仅工作装置采用液压传动的)；能在水平面内回转360o的称为全回转挖掘机，否则就是非全回转式挖掘机。

就工作装置来说，根据其用途和结构型式可以区分为“通用”与“专用”[22]。—般中小型液压挖掘机都是通用的，多带有正铲、反铲、装载、抓斗、起重等五种工作装置。大型液压挖掘机往往专门用于建筑材料露天矿或其它金属与非金属露天矿作装载和挖掘工作，故只装正铲，成为专用；根据工作装置的结构特征，可以区分为铰接式和伸缩臂式。普通的液压挖掘机均为铰接式(动臂、斗杆和铲斗均可绕铰点转动，完成各种作业动作)，而伸缩臂式挖掘机的动臂由主臂和伸缩臂两部分组成，伸缩臂可在主臂内伸缩也可以变幅，臂端装有铲斗，适于作平整和清理工作，特别是修理沟坡。

就行走装置的型式而言，液压挖掘机可以制成履带式、轮胎式、轮胎—履带式、汽车式和悬挂式。悬挂式挖掘机用拖拉机作底盘，配装若干个工作装置(通常是一端装反铲、另一端为装载铲或推土板)。

除上述基本类型外，还有一些结构比较特殊的液压挖掘机。无行走驱动装置的双轮拖式挖掘机(亦称步履式挖掘机)制造简单、价格低廉，特别适用于狭窄地带和小型土方施工工地；轮胎可以收放的无支腿式挖掘机工作时不用支腿支撑，而将支承转台的底架全部落地，在360o的范围内自由回转进行作业。仲缩臂式挖掘机也可装上铰接式斗杆，满足作业过程中某些腕动式作业的要求。

1.4国内外研究状况

当前，国际上挖掘机的生产正向大型化、微型化、多能化和专用化的方向发展。国外挖掘机行业重视采用新技术、新工艺、新结构和新材料，加快了向标准化、系列化、通用化发展的步伐。我国己经形成了挖掘机的系列化生产，近年来还开发了许多新产品，引进了国外的一些先进的生产率较高的挖掘机型号[1]。

由于使用性能、技术指标和经济指标上的优越，世界上许多国家，特别是工业发达国家，都在大力发展单斗液压挖掘机。目前，单斗液压挖掘机的发展着眼于动力和传动系统的改进以达到高效节能;应用范围不断扩大，成本不断降低，向标准化、模块化发展，以提高零部件、配件的可靠性，从而保证整机的可靠性;电子计算机监测与控制，实现机电一体化;提高机械作业性能，降低噪音，减少停机维修时间，提高适应能力，消除公害，纵观未来，单斗液压挖掘机有以下的趋势:

内容简介：: Modern construction machinery industry of technical progressLarge-size mechanical mining excavator is used widely in international and domestic engineering construction and mining performance, and its property defines the efficiency much.Now because the international market is opened step step, how to promote the quality of excavator is the key that a factory reinforces its competing force.In our country，the designing elevation and production quality on excavator can not keep up with international advanced technology applying on excavator.Now the advanced technology has already applied advanced designing method on excavator designing，such as electronic simulating theory，dynamic design， reliability design and so on.But in our country ,the most excavator design has still applied the traditional design method ,the modern design method has not began to be actually applied .The prime display is that the capability of self-design is not enough and the basic work has not done perfectly especially the excavator kinetics .The construct of excavator is very complex and the multiple movers often work simultaneously.at the same time its working environment is very bad and the eternal load varies randomly.As a result ,when designing the new product of excavator ,in order to ensure the performance safety，the designer not only has the basic theory analysis on static load computing ,but also do necessary work about the kinetics of mechanism to qualify the dynamic reliability in the period of designing .Trough the kinetic analysis ,the load property of all the elements in excavator can be decided so as to design reliable product .From the 1980s of the 20th century to the beginning of this century. Chinese and foreign engineering machinery technology products come from a maturity period of modernization along with a new technological revolution, Mechanical engineering products integrated technology to a new level. Electronic technology, micro-computer, sensors, electro-hydraulic servo control system integration and transformation of the traditional mechanical engineering products, Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and computer-aided management of construction machinery and equipment manufacturing, IT network technology equipment, construction machinery sales and information transfer systems, thus enabling people to see a brand new construction machinery industry. New construction machinery products in the efficiency and operational quality, environmental protection, performance and automation are many areas due to the past. and toward the further robotic and intelligent direction. 1、 operating principles of Innovation : groundbreaking new law with the high-frequency vibration With scientific and technological research in the development, engineering machinery operating theory is constantly innovating. Operating mechanical engineering principles, including the cutting of earth, broken ground on the screen geotextile material, mixed with heating, right mixture of paving, leveling and compaction, etc. These operations Jimmy initially bionics and Newtonian mechanics-based, Modern science and the development of engineering machinery operating principle of laying the foundation for innovation. For example, mechanical vibration and pulse jet, the photoelectric effect and thermal physics, the application of mechanical engineering to save resources and improve the quality of construction improve production efficiency, reliability and driving comfort and a degree of automation to create conditions. Excavators, bulldozers, loaders, and other earthmoving machinery cutting groundbreaking project, we had no struggle milling, high-frequency vibration, Liquid gas jet method and porous ground breaking law. Groundbreaking use of the new operating principle of transformation to a bucket, can loosen the soil excavation for the high-intensity rock, Under normal circumstances can reduce the unit cost of earthwork and improve production efficiency, and the soil near the building when substitute bored-blasting method. Vibratory Roller is a mechanical vibration and have reached a sluggish vibration to operational effectiveness of the most powerful note. High-frequency vibration compaction technology is the application of modern dynamics in the mechanical engineering important research results, In vibratory roller simultaneously with the application of vibration isolation theory. 90s of the 20th century, there have been a level of vibration (vibration) and vertical vibration directional vibration compaction method, and an AM-vibration and different from the harmonic vibration of chaotic vibration vibratory compaction operating principle, and the formation of the corresponding series of vibratory roller. Impact Roller broke the existing traditional cylindrical roller structure, Use 3-5 edge with the pressure roller polygon dragged by a tractor, 2-3 times per second in order to impact on the ground. This has dramatic impact on the seismic wave propagation characteristics, the depth of compaction several times with the RCC and incremental, 5m in the depths of the degree of compaction of up 90%-92%. Impact Roller is static shock, vibration and rub it smashes the comprehensive role for large fill, Collapse dry sand and soil filling the compaction. Asphalt paver Weiping equipment is operating principles of mechanical engineering innovation typical example. Fung plate diesel, liquefied petroleum gas or electric heating and 60 Hz frequency of vibration, and using infrared, ultrasonic or laser leveling, is a multidisciplinary high-tech applications. This leveling the technology can be applied to the ground plane, as amlodipine or fine leveling the slope. Transfer frequency mechanical vibration is also commonly used for drilling, stone crushing and sieving and Shen pulling piling works. The stone drying can use diesel, fuel oil and coal combustion of various fuels on the asphalt from the barrel, heating and asphalt mixture, stirring and insulation process is the full use of thermal theory of physics. Asphalt emulsion and some are modified chemical reaction physical specific application. 2、drive innovation : universal hydraulic and electric drive Hydraulic drive in the 20th century, the 1960s applied to the roller, only 10 years on the time has been spread and popularize. Now roller travel, vibration, steering and braking systems has achieved the full hydraulic drive. Hydraulic drive greatly simplified the roller drive and control system design, hydraulic drive a smooth, convenient manipulation effort, easy to achieve variable speed and automation, in general, improve the production efficiency of roller compaction and quality. Now foreign markets have seen very little mechanical transmission of the roller.Hydrostatic drive technology in the 1970s began to use bulldozers, and will soon be extended to a number of small and medium bulldozers and loaders, the United States John Deere, Caterpillar, Germany Bohai benefit companies and Dole produced by Komatsu of Japan has production and sales pushed Temple hydraulic machines and loaders. Hydrostatic drive not to use hydraulic torque converter, which dispense with the left lane and brake parts and mechanical drive, use of a safety valve on mechanical and hydraulic systems overload protection, and the index of smaller power play biggest index, its remaining power available in the auxiliary machinery operation. German company Deutsche mark and Lee Bohai Fall of other public companies in 1954 and in 1955 took the lead in developing a hydraulic excavator , but the hydrostatic transmission in large excavator is the popularization and application of the 1970s. Since the early 1980s, excavators and subdivided, is gradually realized - powered, rotary and the hydraulic excavator of. In the international market excavators, were all eliminated various mechanical drive. Late history of the birth of the road is more mechanical hydraulic drive-based, such as paver, soil stabilizer, Pavement milling machine, hydraulic transmission smoothness help improve the quality of the roads paved. Drilling in the car and drilling machines, hydraulic transmission has replaced the previous aerodynamic, Wheeled modern cranes and machinery also piling work to the whole in the direction of hydraulic development. Electricity in industrial production while the application has a long history, but in mobile machinery is seldom used. This is because, firstly, to the motor capacity of, a motor with the same power as compared to the hydraulic motor, its weight and bulk to good times, to the machinery space layout brought great difficulties. In addition, the efficiency of electrical transmission over low efficiency and consumption of a large volume of non-ferrous metals. But electric drive can be well realized variable speed, braking and electrical power streaming - Drive more convenient and easy to large tub, large excavator and large loaders, engine-generator-electric wheels will transfer power. Germany Vogele also been developed for electric power will transfer wheel. Germany Vogele also been developed electric drive an asphalt paver, the aircrafts systems are all rotary motor driven electricity, Only Hopper CDCC and comfort slab leveling tank still use hydraulic transmission. The other is the regional mobile operations in the smaller mining site, the use of electric drive large excavator loaders, Such use of electric drive power transmission cables without the engine installed on the machines.3、ergonomic innovations : a people-oriented and simplified operation 1980s of the 20th century, Many of the worlds largest engineering machinery manufacturing company has invested considerable human and financial resources for modern design methodology of the research and used. Ergonomics is a people-oriented design, with emphasis on the machines mutual coordination and crew safety, driving comfort, convenience in the drivers operation and maintenance technologies, such drivers both improved working conditions, and increased production efficiency, and some of the engineering machinery vibration, noise, emissions and the prevention of roller drop from the development of the new standard, and even those laws. Now all kinds of projects are mechanical design roller defense and falling-object protective devices to protect the personal safety of the drivers, with the cab and are designed and installed. Indoor driving sufficient human space and broad vision, and to take the necessary seals, vibration, noise and temperature control measures. Indoor chairs, pieces of the stick, gauges and the monitor according to ergonomics and design and minimize the manipulation and control of parts. To reduce driver fatigue, to choose the suspension damping chairs, and to develop a gas-liquid system hanging with the cab floor. Electronic technology, mechanical engineering applications, which greatly simplifies the drivers operational procedures and to the machines technical performance. The use of electronic control machine can automatically choose the mode of operation, such as excavators to the three operating modes - boom priority, Rotary priorities and micro-adjustment tandem wheels all vibration and vibration. Electronic monitoring can detect and remove machines system failures, such as engine oil pressure loss. Fan fracture belt drive, hydraulic oil contamination or overheating and oil filter blockage, can promptly lights or audible alarm, by the use of electronic sensor device can handle automatic detection machines quality of the work, If random vibration testing of the degree of compaction roller, automatic detection and adjustment of the asphalt mixture ratio and size distribution outlet temperature.American muffler technology company developed an electronic silencer, electronic equipment engine exhaust noise analysis of the wave structure, and produce a phase difference of 180 with the acoustic interference, This anti-noise and the engine exhaust noise offset, which over the purpose of the muffler. Such a muffler - can be used to eliminate the basic engine noise and the noise indoor driving. Muffler and isolation through the engineering machinery driving indoor noise can be reduced to 70dB (A) below.In addition, by concentrating on lubrication, automatic lubrication and fault alarm, greatly reducing the engineering and mechanical maintenance workload. Dreiser companies axis articulated loader lubrication cycle extended to 2000h. oil and filter replacement cycle extended to 250h; Caterpillar loader routine maintenance to shorten the time 3.45min. 100 hours use of the technical maintenance for only 6-7min. 4、Creative : industrial design with the environment Modern science and technology of high-speed development, promoting social progress, for humanity to a high degree of material civilization and spiritual civilization. Industrial design is the product of industrial product design, product also known as the art form. Mechanical Products art forms should be able to demonstrate its function in a rational and external quality of uniformity, the product should reflect the advanced technology and meet the aesthetic requirements of modernity. For mechanical engineering, said it was a Paper goods sold, That is an exaggeration, but not to modeling design is certainly not desirable. Modeling the mechanical engineering design of the machine can shape their structure, function and use requirements, paying and with the psychological and physical coordination. This modeling design should include ministries of proper body fluid, color coordination, Instrumentation layout beautiful and easy to operate and intuitive sign in the trademark symbol. Now the worlds major companies have attached great importance to the products of industrial design, and a specialized research and design. A world leader left the compactor manufacturers - BMW, his third of the mechanical compaction machine modeling experts from the industrial design Louis.L.lepoix design, have a good overall result. The series dismounting replacement filter, transmission pieces, hoses and routine maintenance is very convenient. Adopt modern arc-shaped dip in the cab and the engine hood broadminded, fluent lines, with the flavor of the times. Driving the steering wheel height and angle adjustable, choose a comfortable high back seats adjustable damping. Drivers prepare for a good operating environment. Instrumentation site design, easier to observe and control, tilt hood of the driver to provide a good perspective. Hydraulic steering gear shifted to the cab, driving to reduce indoor heat and noise. Arc-shaped windscreen of the cab and four SUPPORT able to isolate noise and vibration. indoor noise below 70dB (A). Many other engineering machinery are also different degrees of emphasis on industrial design, layout components such as depression, to reduce the center of gravity of the aircraft; Supporting appropriate to expand the area to increase the machines stability; about as symmetrical layout, to meet the aesthetic; Appearance removed some of the corner, the edge, to show the fluency, and other lines. Construction Machinery paint more of its industrial design is an important part of the unit should be interesting colors, increase the safety of the working environment, and with the field construction site is pure green fields, coordination, Topping the use of the waist line and increase the level to get off the color machines can increase the concentration of visual stability.、artificial intelligence Innovation : intelligent robotic machines Mechanical engineering in the construction field instead of the manual to expand the functions of the hands and feet, traditional machinery can be resolved in good physical and physiological burden, not to mention the relief of spiritual and psychological burden. Modern engineering machinery should be given its soulful, intelligent engineering machinery is a thinking mind (microcomputer) sensorium (sensors), neural network (electronic transmission). Derrnatopathy (power and transmission), and hand, foot bones (work with devices running) for telecommunications systems integration. Machine is not electromechanical integration of telecommunications and information technology with a simple, it poses the system must have five functions : detection and identification with the objects of their work and working conditions of the function; goal with under their own decision-making function; have to respond to the decision-making, implementation support movement functions; with automated monitoring and self-revision process functions; z own self-protection and security troubleshooting functions. This is the Intelligent Engineering Machinery some specific goals. In mechanical engineering intelligent process, from beginning to end, filled with self-learning technology and the use of adaptive technology. Now for the integration of telecommunications technology for the engine and hydraulic system and electrical system of full control machines are being given various feelings and wisdom. In the process with the state of real-time monitoring on the basis of mechanical engineering from the partial automation of the transition to full automation, and toward unmanned remote control and the trend of development. With the intervention of artificial intelligence, engineering machinery will accelerate its modern fast process, Gradual transition to a fully operational wisdom of the target robot. At that time, some new robotic operating procedures will come into being.现代工程机械行业的技术进步大型机械式挖掘机在目前国际国内在矿山开采及工程施工中有着广泛的应用，其性能的优劣对生产率有很大的影响.在国际市场竟争日趋激烈的今天，如何提高产品的质量是提高其市场竞争力的关键。目前，我国的大型机械式挖掘机在设计水平，设计手段及产品质量上与国外同类产品相比尚有较大差距.国外已经将人一机一环境作为一个系统统一考虑，提倡低振动、低噪音的绿色设计，将现代设计方法(电子模拟理论、动态设计、可靠性设计等)普遍地应用于挖掘机设计，使产品设计现代化，性能可靠。而我国仍然主要采用传统的仿型设计，而近年来才将现代设计方法逐步应用到挖掘机的设计上，但在这方面工作开展的不得力，主要表现在自行设计开发能力不够，基础工作做得不完善，尤其在挖掘机动力学方面。挖掘机结构非常复杂，往往是多发动机同时驱动，同时工作环境恶劣，外载荷成随机性变化，因此在设计大型矿用挖掘机的新产品时，为了使其作业安全，工作顺畅，除必要的理论分析和静强度计算外，还必须要进行动力学分析和计算，以在设计之初保证机械的动强度和可靠性。在进行这种分析时，土壤的力学特性必须考虑，而且是重要因素。通过进行动力学研究，才能确定挖掘机各部件的载荷特性，设计出质量可靠的产品。从20世纪80年代到本世纪初，中外工程机械产品技术已从一个成熟期走到了现代化时期伴随着一场新的技术革命，工程机械产品的综合技术水平跃上了一个新的台阶。电子技术、微电脑、传感器、电液伺服与控制系统集成化改造了传统的工程机械产品，计算机辅助设计、辅助制造及辅助管理装备了工程机械制造业，IT网络技术也装备了工程机械的销售与信息传递系统，从而让人们看到了一个全新的工程机械行业。新的工程机械产品在工作效率、作业质量、环境保护、操作性能及自动化程度诸多方面都是以往所不可比拟的，并且在向着进一步的智能化和机器人化方向迈进。1、作业原理创新：新法破土与高频振动随着科学技术研究水平的不断发展，工程机械的作业理论也在不断地创新。工程机械的作业原理包括对土石方的切割、破碎、回填，对土工材料的筛分、混合与加热，对混合料的摊铺、找平与压实等。这些作业理原先是以仿生学与牛顿力学为基础的，而近现代科学的发展为工程机械作业原理的创新奠定了基础。例如机械振动、脉冲、射流、光电效应及热物理学的应用，为工程机械节省资源，改善施工质量、提高生产效率、工作可靠性、驾驶舒适性与自动化程度创造了条件。挖掘机、推土机、装载机等土方工程机械切割破土，现在有了无斗铣切法、高频振动法、液气射流法及微孔破土法。使用新的破土作业原理改造的铲斗、松土器可以开挖高强度的岩土，在一般情况下都可以降低单位土方费用与提高生产效率，并且在靠近建筑物挖土时可代替钻孔爆破法施工。振动压路机是利用机械振动而又要达成“振地不振人”作业效果的最有力说明。高频振动压实技术的应用是近代动力学在工程机械上的重要科研成果，在振动压路机上同时应用了振动与隔振理论。20世纪90年代以来，出现了水平振动（振荡）与垂直振动的定向振动压实方法，以及无级调幅振动和不同于简谐振动的混沌振动等振动压实作业原理，并且形成了相应系列的振动压路机。冲击式压路机打破了原有传统的圆柱形滚轮结构，使用具有3-5个边的多边形压滚由牵引车拖行，以每秒2-3次顺序地冲击地面。这种剧烈冲击具有地震波的传播特性，其压实深度随碾压遍数而递增，在5m深处的压实度可达90%-92%。冲击压路机具有静压冲击、振动捣实与揉搓的综合作用，适合大型填方、塌陷土壤和干砂填筑工程的压实。沥青混凝土摊铺机慰平工作装置更是工程机械作业原理创新的典型例子。慰平板使用柴油、液化气或电加热和72Hz的调频振动，并采用红外线、激光或超声波找平，是多学科高新技术的应用。这其中的找平技术也可以应用到平地机上，作为地平或坡面的精细找平。调频率机械振动还通常用于凿岩、石料破碎与筛分及沉拔桩等工程施工。石料的烘干可以使用柴油、重油和煤粉多种燃料的燃烧器，沥青的脱桶、加热及沥青混合料的搅拌与保温过程中都充分运用了热物理学原理。沥青的乳化与改性都是一些化学物理反应的具体应用。2、传动方式创新：普及液压与电气传动液压传动在20世纪60年代开始应用到了压路机上，只十多年的时间就得到了推广和普及。现在压路机的行走、振动、转向及制动等系统已实现了全液压传动。液压传动大大简化了压路机传动与操纵系统的设计，液压传动平稳、操纵方便省力、容易实现无级调速和自动控制、从总体上提高了压路机的生产效率与压实质量。现在国外市场上已经很少见到机械传动的压路机了。静液压传动技术于70年代开始应用到了推土机上，并且很快推广到了一些中小型推土机和装载机上，美国约翰迪尔公司、卡特彼勒公司、德国利渤海尔公司及日本小松制作所都生产和销售全液压推寺机与装载机。静液压传动不使用液力变矩器，还省去了离且器与行车制动器及部分机械传动机构，能利用安全阀对机械和液压系统实现过载保护，并以较小的索引功率发挥最大的索引力，其剩余的功率可用在机器的辅助操作上。德国的德马克公司和利渤海尔公司公别于1954年和1955年率先开发了全液压挖掘机，但静液压传动在挖掘机上大量的推广应用也是在70年代。自80年代初以来，挖掘机从大到小正逐步实现了驱动行走、回转与挖掘机的全液压化。在国际市场上的挖掘机，已全部淘汰了各种机械传动机构。诞生历史比较晚的路面机械更是以全液压传动为主，如摊铺机、稳定土拌和机、路面铣刨机等，液压传动的平稳性有助于提高路面的铺筑质量。在凿岩台车和凿岩机上，液压传动已取代了以往的气动，现代轮式起重机和桩工机械也工向全液压化的方向发展。电力在工业生产中的应用虽然已有很长的历史了，但在移动式机械上使用尚不多见。这首先是因为电动机的能容量小，一台电动机与同功率的液压马达相比，其重量和体积要大好多倍，这给机器的空间布置带来了很大困难。另外，电气传动的效率比效低，而消耗有色金属量大。但电气传动能很好地实现无级调速、电气制动和功率分流，电传动更方便和易于大型矿车、大型挖掘机和大型装载机上，以发动机发电机电动车轮传递行驶动力。德国福格勒公司还试制了电动车轮传递行驶动力。德国福格勒公司还试制了电传动的沥青摊铺机，该机的所有回转系统都用电马达带动，只有料斗开合与慰平板找平油缸仍使用液压传动。另外就是在作业区域移动较小的采矿工地上，使用了电力拖动的大型挖掘机的装载机，这种电力拖

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