广东省高三英语二轮复习 名词冠词专练.doc

名词、冠词presentation 名词名词的种类名词的数不可数名词注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词 a/an不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows| | | |各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a piece of advice/information/news/equipment/furniture/kindness a piece of poetry/work a pair of glasses/shoes/socks/trousers/scissors a bar of chocolate/ soap a bottle of ink/milk/wine a grain of sand a piece/loaf of bread an article of clothing/furniture不可数名词可数化： 不可数名词有了定语（前置定语或后置定语），动作名词有了逻辑宾语时就可以用不定冠词修饰。如：a great help 极大的帮助（前置定语）a knowledge of grammar 语法知识 (后置定语)a love of freedom 热爱自由（动作名词有逻辑宾语）a hatred for invaders对入侵者的仇恨（动作名词有逻辑宾语） 抽象名词由抽象概念变成具体的人或物，或使之个体化时就可以用a (an) 修饰，可以有复数形式。如：youth 青春a youth一位青年youths 年轻人们pleasure 愉快 a pleasure 一件高兴的事experience 经验 an experience 一段经历 物质名词个体化，表示具体的东西时，可用不定冠词修饰，表示该物质的数量之多时就可以有复数形式。如：iron 铁 an iron 一个熨斗rain 雨 a heavy rain 一场大雨sand 沙 sands 沙漠water 水 waters 大片水域 专有名词用作普通名词，指“具有某种特征的人”，或“某人的作品”时，可用不定冠词修饰。如：edison (爱迪生) an edison (一个像爱迪生那样的人)picasso (毕加索) a picasso (一副毕加索的作品)可数名词可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：a bird the frog is a kind of hibernating animal. vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.有复数形式： a）规则变化加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略） b）不规则变化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), englishman (englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, chinese, japanese, fish（同一种鱼）。如， a sheep, two sheep d）只用复数形式：thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, shorts, e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means. f）形单实复：people (人民，人们），the police, cattle等 g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如： my family is a big one. my family are music lovers. h）复合名词变复数时， 1）只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。 2）如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人 3）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servantmen servants, a woman doctorwomen doctors巩固练习1. how many _are there in the international village? a. chinese b. russian c. american d. germen 2. can i help you? id like_ for my twin daughters. a. two pair of shoes b. two pairs of shoe c. two pair of shoe d. two pairs of shoes3. mrs. jenny gives us_ on how to learn english well. a. some advices b. many advices c. some advice d. an advice4.what_theyvegot!nowondertheyareveryhappy. a. agoodnews b. quiteafewnewsc. goodnews d. littlenews5.theblouseismadeof_.a.awoolb.thesewoodc.woolsd.wool6.therearethree_andseven_inthepicture.a.cows,sheepsb.cows,sheepc.cow,sheepd.cow,sheeps7.sheep_whiteandmilk_alsowhite.a.is,areb.are,isc.is,isd.are,are8.beijingisoneofthebiggest_intheworld.a.citysb.cityc.cityesd.cities9.howwonderful!the_ismadeof_.a.house,glassb.house,glassesc.houses,glassd.houses,glasses10.maths_animportantsubjecttaughtinthemiddleschool.a.areb.isc.wasd.were11.two_andfive_arestudyingchineseatbeijinguniversity.a.german,englishb.germans,englishc.germans,englishmend.germen,englishmen12.thenthe_begantoeatthegreen_ofyoungtrees.a.deer,leafsb.deer,leavesc.deer,leafd.deers,leafs13.donthurry!westillhave_timeleft.a.littleb.fewc.alittled.afew14.canyouseesome_onthehill?a.sheepsanddeersb.sheepsanddeerc.sheepanddeersd.sheepanddeer15.howmany_shallwepayforthespecialservice?a.moneyb.yuansc.dollarsd.poundkey：adccd bbdab cbcdc名词的所有格1、 表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“s”。如：mikes bag, childrens day, my brothers room, womens rights 1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：teachers day, the workers rest-home（工人疗养院），the students reading-room 2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo；anybody elses book 3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“s”；如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“s”。如：jane and helens room bills and toms radios f 4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailors, the doctors, mr browns f 5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“s”表所有格。如：half an hours walk, chinas agriculture2、 表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book3、 表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。 如：the story of dr norman bethune do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、 “of词组+所有格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：a friend of my fathers；some inventions of edisons those exercise-books of the students 巩固练习1. the computer on the desk is_. a. twins b. the twins c. the twins d. the twins 2. mrs black is a friend of_. a. marys mothers b. marys mother c. mothers of mary d. mary mothers3. it is over_ from shijiazhuang to beijing. a. three hours drive b. three hours drive c. three hours drives d. three hoursdrive 4. today is september 10th. it is _ day. a. teachers b. teachers c. the teachers d. teachers5. do you know the woman over there? yes. shes _ aunt. a. lily and lucy b. lilys and lucys c. lilys and lucy d. lily and lucys 6. after playing football for more than half an hour, the students took_ rest. a. a few minutes b. a few minutes c. a little minutes d. a little minutes 7. you must finish the work in_.a. three weeks time b. three weeks time c. three weeks time d. three week time8. this is _ room. come in, please.a. john and joan of b. john and joans c. johns and joans d. johns and joans of 9. that woman is_.a. a friend of my mother b. my mother friend c. a friend of my mothersd. my mothers friends10. i hear we will have _ holiday at home.a. a two days b. a two-dayc. a two-daysd. a two day11.thebookshelfoverthereis_.a. marysandjanes b. marysandjanec. maryandjanes d. maryandjane12.wesawtheguestoffat_yesterday.a. theshanghaisrailwaystation. b. theshanghairailwaystation.c. shanghairailwaystation. d. therailwaystationofbeijingrailway13.therearefive_inourclass.a. zhangs b. zhangsc. zhangs d. thezhangs14.xiaoliwas_inmyboyhood.a. myclosefriend b. mineaclosefriendc. aclosefriendofmine d. aclosefriendofme15.theseare_fromotherpresses.theyarehavingameetinginoneofthe_office.a. editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief b. editorsinchief,editors-in-chiefsc. editorsin-chiefs,editorsin-chiefs d. editor-in-chiefs,editorsin-chiefkey：daabd bbbcb ccccb冠词用法i. 不定冠词（a, an）的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofa plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指a boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，onewe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the samewe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事a mr. smith came to visit you when you were outthat boy is rather a lei feng.6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后this room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后she is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.ii. 定冠词（the）的用法：1表示某一类人或物the horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the pacific ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事would you mind opening the door? 4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the greens, the wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前he is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the united states, the communist party of china, the french9用于表示发明物的单数名词前the compass was invented in china.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s11用于表示单位的名词前i hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前he patted me on the shoulder.iii. 零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前beijing university, jack, china, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制i want this book, not that one. / whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前march, sunday, national day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前lincoln was made president of america.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前he likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词前horses are useful animals.巩固练习1. could you tell me the way to _ johnsons, please?sorry, we dont have _ johnson here in the village. a. the; theb. the; ac. /; thed. the; /2. _ walk is expected to last all day, so bring- packed lunch. aa;a bthe; / cthe ; a da ; /3. how about christmas evening party?i should say it was success.a. a; a b.the; ac.a;/d.the; /4. i looked under _bed and found _book i lost last week. a. the; a b. the: the c. /；the d. the:;/5. polar bears live mostly on_sea ice, which they use as _platform for hunting seals. a. a; a b. a; the c. /; a d. the; /6. we have every reason to believe that_ 2012 olympic games will be_ success.a. / ab. the / c. the ad. a a7. many people have come to realize that they should go on _balanced diet and make _ room in their day for exercise. a.a;/ b.the; a c.the;the d./;a8. in _ film cast away.tom hanks plays_ man named chuck noland. a.a; theb.the; ac.the; thed.a; a9. how about taking _ short break? i want to make _ call athe；a ba；the cthe；the da；a10. i wanted to catch _early train, but couldnt get _ ride to the station. a. an, the b. /, the c. an, / d. the, a11. i like _ color of your skirt. it is _ good match for your blouse.a. a; the b. a; a c. the; a d. the; the12. gorge couldnt remember when he first met mr. anderson, but he was sure it was _ sunday because everybody was at _ church. a. /; the b. the; / c. a; / d. /; a13. chrismas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.a. the, the b. a, a c. the, a d. a, thekey： bcbbccabddccdhome assignmenti. multiple choice.1. there are three_ assistants in that_ shop. a. women; shoe b. woman; shoe c. woman; shoes d. women; shoes2. where are the _? they are playing _ football on the playground. a. boys students; the b. boy students; the c. boy students; d. boy student; 3. bill said they would have_ holiday. a. a two-month b. two-months c. two-monthes d. two-months 4. there are only twelvein the hospital.awoman doctorsbwomen doctorscwomen doctordwoman doctor5. mr smith has two, both of whom are teachers in a school.abrothers-in-lawbbrother-in-lawscbrothers-in-lawsdbrothers-in law6. how manydoes a cow have?four.astomachesbstomachcstomachsdstomachies7. somevisited our school last wednesday.agermanbgermencgermansdgermens8. theof the building are covered with lots of.aroofs; leavesbrooves; leafscroof; leafdroofs; leafs9. when the farmer returned home he found threemissing.asheepsbsheepescsheepdsheepies10. that was a fiftyengine.ahorse powerbhorses powerchorse powersdhorses powers11. my father often gives me.amany advicebmuch adviceca lot of advicesda few advice12. mary broke awhile she was washing up.atea cupba cup of teacteas cupdcup tea13. can you give us someabout the writer?ainformationsbinformatiocpiece of informationsdpieces information14. i had a cup ofand two pieces ofthis morning.ateas; breadbteas; breadsctea; breadsdtea; bread15. as is known to us all, travels much faster than.alights; soundsblight; soundcsound; lightdsounds; lights16. she told him of all herand .ahope; fearbhopes; fearchopes; fearsdhope; fears17. the risingdid a lot ofto the crops.awater; harmbwater; harmscwaters; harmdwaters; harms18. how far away is it from here to your school?its about.ahalf an hours drivebhalf hours driveschalf an hour drivesdhalf an hour drive19. the shirt isnt mine. its.amrs smithbmrs smithcmrs smithsdmrs smiths20. miss johnson is a friend of.amarys motherbmarys motherscmary mothersdmarys mothers21. last week i called at my.aauntbauntscauntsdauntes22. the beach is athrow.astonebstonescstonesdstones23. i can hardly imaginesailing across the atlantic ocean in five days.apeterbpetercpetersdpeterskeys: 1-5 acaba 6-10 ccaca 11-15 babdb 16-20 ccadd 21-23 cdb 解析6. c. stomach（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为k，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。 8. a. roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。10. a. 名词作定语一般不用复数。12. a. 根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“s”。20. d. a stones throw是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。23. b. 此句中peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用peters，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此b为正确答案。ii. reading comprehension.a at a certain time in our lives we consider every place as the possible sites(地点) for a house. i have thus searched the country within a dozen miles of where i live. in imagination i have bought all the farms, one after another, and i knew their prices. the nearest thing that i came to actual ownership was when i bought the hollowell place. but before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. however, i let him keep the additional dollars and sold him the farm for just what i gave for it. the real attractiong of the hollowell farm to me were its position, being about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, bounded(相邻) on one side by the river, and separated from the highway by a wide field. the poor condition fo the house and fences showed that it hadnt been used for some time. i remembered from my earliest trip up the river that the house used to be hidden behind a forest area, and i was in a hurry to buy it before the owner finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the apples trees, and clearing away some young trees which had grown up in the fields. i wanted to buy it before he made any more of his improvements. but it turned out as i have said. i was not really troubled by the loss. i had always had a garden, but i dont thing i was ready for a large farm. i believe that as long as possible it is better to live free and uncommitted (无牵挂的). it makes but little difference whether you own a farm or not.5. what do we know about the author? a. he wanted to buy the oldest farm near where he lived. b. he made a study of many farms before buying. c. he made money by buying and selling farms. d. he had the money to buy the best farm in the country.6. why did the author decide to buy the hollowell place? a. it was of good market value. b. it was next to the highway. c. it was in a good position. d. it was behind a nice garden.7. why did the author want to buy the farm in a hurry? a. he was afraid the owner might changes his mind. b. he hoped to enlarge the forest on the farm. c. he wanted to keep the farm as it was. d. he was eager to become a farm owner.8. the underlined words “the loss” in the last paragraph refer to _.a. the money the author lost in buying the farmb. the sale of the garden in the hollowell placec. the removal of the trees around the housed. the failure to possess the hollowell place9. what does the author believe as important in life?a. to own a farmb. to satisfy his needsc. to be free from worriesd. to live in the countrysidekey：bccdcb about ten years ago, a young and very successful businessman named josh was traveling down a chicago neighborhood street. he was going a bit too fast in his shiny, black, 12 cylinder jaguar xke, which was only two months old.he was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. as his car passed, no child came out, but a brick sailed out and-whump!-it hit the jags shiny black side door! screech.! immediately josh stopped the car, jumped out, seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car. he shouted at the kid, “what was that all about and who are you? just what the heck are you doing?!” building up a head of steam, he went on.“thats my new jag, t