高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 方法运用于命题课件.ppt

第二节方法运用于命题 专题三阅读理解 栏目索引 阅读理解的常考命题 跟踪训练 1 细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大 但这部分题目相对来说比较简单 只要通过题干的关键词 在文中找到题目的相关信息 仔细对比 就能得出答案 其正确选项特征为 同义替换 语言简化 正话反说等 其干扰项特征为 张冠李戴 无中生有 曲解文意 颠倒是非等 阅读理解的常考命题 2 词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大 词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力 考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词 词组或者句子含义的能力 而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围 要做好该类试题需要 利用上下文线索猜测词义 重述 定义 举例 同义词或近义词 反义词等 根据语法知识猜测词义 根据上下文逻辑猜测词义 根据构词法猜测词义 根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等 3 推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思 通过逻辑关系 研究细节 推敲作者的态度 理解文章寓意的能力 推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话 甚至是文章或段落的主题 弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键 其正确选项特征为 立足原文 只推一步 一般不可出现绝对概念 其干扰选项特征为 曲解文意 张冠李戴 偷梁换柱 无中生有 鱼目混珠 扩缩范围等 4 主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力 以概括中心大意 段落大意 选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现 其正确选项特征为 涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段 确定的范围恰当 既不太大 也不太小 精确性强 不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩 其干扰选项特征为 过于笼统 不知所云 以偏概全 主次不分 移花接木 偷换概念 无中生有 生搬硬套等 注意解答各类命题时往往是多法并举 而不是一种方法解决一种题 fifteenyearsago itookasummervacationinlecceinsouthernitaly afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic 全景的 viewofthebluesea whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama unfortunately justasitookoutmycamera awomanapproachedfrombehind andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview likeme thiswomanwasheretostop sighandappreciatetheview 典例1 2017 天津 b patientasiwas afterabout15minutes mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotiwouldeventuallytake igrewfrustrated wasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoicouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape sure icouldhaveaskedher butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso sheseemedsocontentinherobservation ididn twanttomesswiththat another15minutespassedandigrewbored thewomanwasstillthere idecidedtotakethephotoanyway andnowwhenilookatit ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting thelandscape beautifulonitsown somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit thisphoto withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho ruined it nowhangsonawallinmybedroom whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured 捕捉 andfrozenonsomestranger sbedroomwall abedroom afterall isaveryprivatespace inwhichsomewomanidon tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized 使 永存 insomeways shelivesinmyhouse perhapsweallliveineachothers spaces perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure forconnection forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus thatphotoisareminder acapturedmoment anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass 语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文 作者主要讲述了自己十五年前暑假时在意大利南部城市莱切观光时的一次经历 作者拍风景时一位陌生的女士进入了作者的镜头 这张照片让作者联想到很多事情并引发了作者对人生的深层感悟 41 whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto a hercamerastoppedworking b awomanblockedherview c someoneaskedhertoleave d afriendapproachedfrombehind 解析细节理解题 根据第二段中的 awomanapproachedfrombehind andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview 可知 就在 我 拿出相机的时候 一位女士从后面走过来 正好停在 我 的视线前面 即 我 的视线被挡住 blocked 了 故选b项 答案 解析 42 43 41 44 45 42 accordingtotheauthor thewomanwasprobably a enjoyingherselfb losingherpatiencec waitingforthesunsetd thinkingaboutherpast 解析细节理解题 根据第三段中的 sheseemedsocontentinherobservation withthat 可知 选a项 答案 解析 42 43 41 44 45 43 intheauthor sopinion whatmakesthephotosoalive a therichcolorofthelandscape b theperfectpositioningofthecamera c thewoman sexistenceinthephoto d thesoftsunlightthatsummerday 解析细节理解题 根据第四段中的 ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting 可知 作者认为 那位女士在照片中的存在使得这张照片有趣 即 那位女士在照片中的存在让照片变得很生动 故选c项 答案 解析 42 43 41 44 45 44 thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand a theneedtobeclosetonatureb theimportanceofprivatespacec thejoyofthevacationinitalyd thesharedpassionforbeauty 答案 解析 42 43 41 44 45 解析推理判断题 根据第六段中的 toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure forconnection forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus 可知 通过那张照片作者明白了 我们都欣赏美 都有着对快乐的共同渴望 对人际关系改善的共同期待和对超越自身价值的共同追求 由此可知 这张照片让作者更好地理解人们对美的共同热爱 42 43 41 44 45 45 thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor sreflectionsupon a aparticularlifeexperienceb thepleasureoftravelingc theartofphotographyd alostfriendship 解析推理判断题 本文讲述的是作者的一次特殊经历及由此产生的一些人生感悟 故选a项 答案 解析 42 43 41 44 45 thismonth germany stransportminister alexanderdobrindt proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles 自主驾驶车辆 theywoulddefinethedriver sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe deathvalley ofautonomousvehicles thegreyareabetweensemi autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture 典例2 2017 天津 c dobrindtwantsthreethings thatacaralwayschoosesproperty 财产 damageoverpersonalinjury thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel tocheckemail say thecar smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving saysdobrindt itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers hesays whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers consumersandlawyers theliability 法律责任 issueisthebiggestoneofthemall saysnatashameratattheuniversityofleeds uk anassumptionbehindukinsurancefordriverlesscars introducedearlierthisyear insiststhatahuman bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad ateverymoment butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars whenyousay driverlesscars peopleexpectdriverlesscars meratsays youknow nodriver becauseoftheconfusion meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown saysryancaloatstanforduniversity california thatishappeningintheukandsingapore wheregovernment provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched thatwouldgodownpoorlyintheus however theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere sayscalo 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文 它主要介绍了德国交通部部长提出的适用于自主驾驶车辆的规章 能消除人们对于无人驾驶车辆的司机角色定位的困惑 有利于自主驾驶汽车的推广 46 whatdoesthephrase deathvalley inparagraph2referto a aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown b acasewherepassingalawisimpossible c anareawherenodrivingispermitted d asituationwheredrivers roleisnotclear 解析词义猜测题 根据第二段中的 thegreyareabetweensemi autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture 可知 deathvalley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带 即 对司机角色的定义不清楚 故选d项 答案 解析 47 48 46 49 50 47 theproposalputforwardbydobrindtaimsto a stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesb helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingc protectdriversofallagesandracesd preventseriouspropertydamage 解析推理判断题 第一段说dobrindt提出第一套自主驾驶车辆的规章 将会定义自主驾驶车辆司机的角色 这个提议就是处理 deathvalley 这个问题的 第四段说交规的改变会准许全自动驾驶 而且会将完全无人驾驶汽车和有人驾驶汽车放到一个平等的法律地位上 由此推断 dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶 故选b项 答案 解析 47 48 46 49 50 48 whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars a itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies b itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers c itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents d itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility 解析细节理解题 根据第七段中的 whenyousay driverlesscars peopleexpectdriverlesscars meratsays youknow nodriver 可知 人们认为的无人驾驶汽车 就是没有司机的汽车 当然也不该包括人的责任问题 故选d项 答案 解析 47 48 46 49 50 49 driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein a singaporeb theukc theusd germany 解析细节理解题 根据最后一段中的 thatwouldgodownpoorlyintheus however 可知 无人驾驶汽车作为公共交通方式在美国反响却很差 即 在美国 无人驾驶汽车在公共交通领域看不到光明的前景 因此选c项 答案 解析 47 48 46 49 50 50 whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a autonomousdriving whoseliability b fullyautomaticcars anewbreakthroughc autonomousvehicles driverremoved d driverlesscars rootofroadaccidents 解析标题归纳题 全文围绕自主驾驶车辆的司机的角色认定以及谁该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论 故选a项 答案 解析 47 48 46 49 50 a 2016 河东区一模 there snodoubtthatourcharacterhasaprofoundeffectonourfuture whatwemustremember however isnotmerelyhowpowerfulcharacterisininfluencingourfate 命运 buthowpowerfulweareinshapingourowncharacterand therefore ourownfate charactermaydetermineourfate butcharacterisnotdeterminedbyfate 跟踪训练 it sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedveryearlyinlife itcallstomindoldproverbslike aleopardcan tchangeitsspots and youcan tteachanolddognewtricks thisperspectivethatourcharacteris etchedinstone issupportedbyagreatdealofmodernpsychologyemphasizingself acceptance aspopeyesays iamwhatiam thehiddenmessageis don texpectmetobemore better ordifferent ultimately theseviewsofhumanitytotallyundervaluethelifelongpotentialforgrowththatcomeswiththepowerofreflectionandchoice howdepressingitwouldbetobelievethatwecan tchoosetobebetter morehonest morerespectful moreresponsible andmorecaring noneofusshouldgiveupthepersonalseekingtoimproveourcharacter notbecausewe rebad wedon thavetobesicktogetbetter butbecausewe renotasgoodaswecouldbe therearesomanythingsinlifewecan tcontrol whetherwe rebeautifulorsmart whetherwehadgoodparentsorbad whetherwegrewupwithaffirmationornegation it sinspiringtorememberthatnothingbutmoralwillpowerisneededtomakeusbetter no itisn teasy butifwemakeagreatefforttobecomemoreawareofthehabitsofheartandmindthatdriveourbehavior wecanbegintoplacenewemphasisonourhighervaluessothatwebecomewhatwewantourchildrentothinkweare 语篇解读 语篇解读本文为议论文 题材为人生哲理 文章的主要话题是塑造和影响我们性格的因素 1 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage a weshapeourowncharacterb characterdeterminesourfatec characterisfullyformedandfixedd wemustmeetwhatourchildrenneed 解析标题归纳题 纵观全文 文章主要讲述了什么塑造了我们的性格以及我们的性格受哪些因素的影响 结合各个选项的意思 可知选a 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 2 theauthoragreesthat a aleopardcan tchangeitsspotsb inlifewemustattachimportancetoself acceptancec weshouldn texpectourselvestobemoredifferentd characterisnotfullyformedandfixedveryearly 解析细节理解题 根据第二段第一句 it sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedveryearlyinlife 可知d选项的意思与之相符 故选d 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 3 intheauthor sopinion whichofthefollowingistrue a wecan tchoosetobebetter b weshouldseektoimproveourcharacterforwe rebadenough c weshouldvalueourlifelongpotentialforgrowth d weshouldmakechoicesconstantly 解析推理判断题 根据第四段的内容可知 作者认为我们应该高度重视我们个人的终身发展 故本题应选c 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 4 whatdoweneedtoimproveourselvesaccordingtotheauthor a oursmartness b ourwillpower c ourfate d ourcharacter 解析细节理解题 根据第六段最后一句可知 作者认为我们需要意志力来自我完善 故选b 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 5 whatcanweinferfromthepassage a itisnotdifficulttoimproveourselves b wemusttryourbesttobeasgoodaspossible c ourchildrenshouldcopyourbehavior d weshouldcontrolasmanythingsaspossibleinlife 解析推理判断题 根据第五段的内容可推知选b项 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 b 2017 河北区二模 iamawriter ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage thewayitcanevoke 唤起 anemotion avisualimage acomplexidea orasimpletruth languageisthetoolofmytrade andiusethemall alltheenglishesigrewupwith bornintoachinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedincalifornia i vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofenglishmymotherspeaks likeothers ihavedescribedittopeopleas broken english butifeelembarrassedtosaythat ithasalwaysbotheredmethati canthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthan broken asifitweredamagedandneededtobefixed asifitlackedacertainwholeness i veheardothertermsused limitedenglish forexample buttheyseemjustasbad asifeverythingislimited includingpeople sperceptions 认识 ofthelimitedenglishspeaker iknowthisforafact becausewheniwasgrowingup mymother s limited englishlimitedmyperceptionofher iwasashamedofherenglish ibelievedthatherenglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay thatis becausesheexpressedthemimperfectly herthoughts wereimperfect andihadplentyofevidencetosupportme thefactthatpeopleindepartmentstores atbanks andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously didnotgivehergoodservice pretendednottounderstandher orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher istartedwritingfictionin1985 andforreasonsiwon tgetintotoday ibegantowritestoriesusingalltheenglishesigrewupwith theenglishsheusedwithme whichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedas broken andwhatiimaginetobehertranslationofherchinese herinternal 内在的 language andforthatisoughttopreservetheessence butneitheranenglishnorachinesestructure iwantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestsca