2政府投资.docx

政府投资的用途： national defense, enforcement of law and public order, social security and health care systems, welfare, financial assistance (retirement and disability benefits, unemployment benefits), infrastructures (public transportation and public services).1. Millions of dollars are spent on space research every year. Some people argue that the money should be spent on improving living standards on Earth. Do you agree or disagree? 176(该文及采取所谓单边论证太空探索的必要性，这种论证方法在雅思考试中并非不可行，在一定程度上，如果英语功底扎实的同学，选择单边论证更能突出主题，显示语言水平。该文另一个突出之处是结尾的总结概括，相当精炼，同时又不重复。)In recent years, there have been more and more countries involved and interested in long-term space projects. Because of the enormous research expenditures, the value of space projects has been disputed. Some people suggest that government funding should be diverted to improving the living standard of ordinary people. In evaluating the merits of space exploration, one should adopt a broader perspective. The investment in space research can be paid off someday in the future.The first reason to support it is that our planet is now facing an unprecedented resource problem, which can be tackled only by discovering and mining new resources on other planets. The overuse or scarcity of some resources on the earth is a severe problem. These natural resources such as silver might abound on other planets. Meanwhile, the worlds population is now growing to a stage where there are too many people for the planet to support. Therefore, there arises the need to seek land suitable for peoples resettlement. As there are countless planets orbiting stars throughout the universe, one can be confident that at least one of them is suitable for our second home planet. In addition to searching for a shelter for future generations, space programs contribute considerably to the well-being of the earth in some other aspects. For example, by monitoring the ozone hole, global warming, the loss of rain forests and other environmental threats to human survival, remote sensing satellites help people trace the recovery from the worst environmental threats and thereby improve the quality of life. Whats more, space research provides a new platform on which scientists can carry out experiments and make new discoveries in a variety of fields, such as agriculture.As suggested above, in locating new resources, positioning new settlements, addressing environmental concerns and facilitating scientific discovery, space research will prove to be not only worthwhile, but also crucial to the survival and sustainability of human civilization. (Space travel to the Moon is often cited as one giant leap for mankind. Yet some people argue that this achievement made little difference to our daily lives. What is your opinion?)2. Some people argue that the government should spend money on public services and facilities, but not on the arts. Do you agree or disagree? 179三步法开头点题。首先提取话题点：public facilities vs. arts. (本文如果从常理来分析，政府似乎应该对艺术进行投入，因为艺术的好处有很多。但是在具体论证的时候，所面临的问题是，艺术的好处大多数比较抽象，非常难以有效论证，遇到这种情形，考虑到可操作性feasibility，还是选择相对具体的项目和角度进行论证。)It has been recognized that arts serve as means of entertainment, psychological tranquilizer and relief from stress. However, for a majority of people, art is something luxurious due to its intrinsic characteristics. Thus the government investment in arts is opposed by many people, and they think revenues should be spent on public facilities. There are a number of facts indicating that this position is right.(抽象主题可以采取排比例证的方法来论证，但是要明确，所谓例证，未必是要讲具体的故事，讲故事和个人经验，只是例证的一种浅显的形式而已，注意本段的例证方法。) Public facilities are closely associated with peoples daily life and should be invested in with priority. Libraries, hospitals, gymnasiums and swimming pools all belong to public facilities, which are essential for social, educational, athletic and cultural activities. By boosting spending on public facilities, cities are more capable to satisfy the needs of citizens and improve their standard of living. In additional to social benefits, there are economic merits that public can offer to communities. For example, internet is one of the important facilities in todays society. If the internet is improved, information will be easily accessible and working efficiency dramatically enhanced. Moreover, it is no exaggeration to say that entrepreneurs will first examine the infrastructure of a city before deciding whether to pursue business opportunities there. The arts, by comparison, although enabling people to satisfy their psychological needs, meet their spiritual needs, are to some degree a fraction of peoples privilege. Therefore, it should not, at least, be the main area which the government invests in. on the one hand, the investment in arts cannot find immediate rewards. There are some more urgent problems especially in some underdeveloped areas such as the shortage of drinking water and the dilapidated drainage system. These problems should be dealt with immediately. On the other hand, the arts are a key component of a culture and naturally passed down from one generation to another. Unlike, they usually require no money to survive.It is therefore clear that construction of public facilities should be given the foremost consideration. The concern about the well-being of individual citizens and that of a city is more acute than that of the survival and prospects of the arts.3. Some people argue that the government should spend money only on medical care and education but not on theatres or sport stadiums. Do you agree or disagree? 181(该范文的突出之处在于对线性论证的经典发挥，以及对双边论证的范例作用)Where public money goes is an issue of broad interest to the general public. Some people advocate that the government should fund the sectors that bring tangible and immediate benefits to the public, such as medical care and educational systems, while opponents suggest that those large urban developments such as stadiums and theatres, are worth government funding. In my opinion, the two opinions can be reconciled and the government can coordinate budgeting to meet the needs of both. Education is essential to the economic and social well-being of a country, particularly of an underdeveloped country. Both empirical knowledge and academic research suggest that making education available throughout a country and eliminating illiteracy can pave the way for economic development. By receiving education, children from impoverished families can shake off poverty, climb high in the social ladder and live better off. Education also allows citizens to secure employment and earn regular income, thereby maintaining or improving their standard of living.Government investment in healthcare and medical services is also highly recommended. Availability of affordable medical service is a mark of the social and economic development of a country. by providing the needy people with medical service, a country can inspire the loyalty of citizens. People feel assured living and working in a country where they can be given medical service when unemployed, sick, injured or retired. By comparison, if they cannot afford the high cost of visiting the clinic, hospitalization, or buying drugs, they are less likely to enjoy their living. Social solidarity will eventually suffer. Although education and medical services are fundamental to the stability and development of a country, it is not to say that theatres or sport stadiums have no redeeming feature. In the hierarchy of human needs, those needs for food, shelter and health are among the basic. After these targets are attained, people turn to higher aspirations, entertainment and recreation. Leisure facilities like stadiums and cinemas satisfy peoples needs in these fields. A game between ones motherland and a visiting country can raise peoples sense of national pride and ethnical unity. The cinema brings artistic pleasure to everyone.To draw a conclusion, the decision to finance theatres or sport stadiums depends on the financial situation of a country. When an economy comes to maturity, the launch of recreational and entertainment projects of this kind is reasonable. 4. The advocates of international aid believe that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while the opponents consider it unnecessary, because money is misspent by the governments that receive it. Discuss these two points of view and give your opinion.（这个问题有点牵涉政治类，在考试中并不常见，却具有永恒的时效性，值得关注。）（以定义法开头）International aid refers to money, equipment or services that are provided by a country or international organization for countries that need them. It reflects mutual support and interdependence of mankind. However, opponents challenged this practice by advocating that aid money is like to be misspent by the recipient countries. I think we should take a wider perspective and should not deny international aid simply due to its flaws.(topic sentence) Humanitarian aid is a moral obligation. The globalization has connected the whole world together, resulting in closer contact between nations. All members have the responsibility to provide assistance to each other, in particular to those in difficulty or those victims of natural disasters. The aid may help them get through misfortunes, saving millions of lives or reestablishing homestead for those homeless. If we all show indifference to those in trouble or despair, we will be accused of dwarf on moral ground. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, drought or flood) throughout the world can recover rapidly. In addition, humanitarian relief is meanwhile an instrument to promote peace and security. The provision of aid opens up the possibility of cultural, economic and social interaction between countries, and thereby easing tension.(注意，此段论证并非去论说接受国的贪腐就使得不捐助合理，而是即便接受国贪腐，也可以想出对策)Admittedly, aid money is sometimes misused or spent on unintended purposed, but these pitfalls can never overshadow the benefits. Misuse can instead raise awareness of the global community to adjust its policy. Meanwhile, it can be tackled by tight regulations and scrutiny. In general, the abuse of international aid is an isolated event, so its effect should not be overstated.In conclusion, the role of humanitarian aid is not only to deliver urgent assistance to populations in need but also to strengthen ties between countries. Although fraud and corruption occur every now and then, they can be addressed in a way that enhances future aid endeavors. 5. Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but there is no agreement about whether it is the governments responsibility. What is your opinion? 185先看结论段：as suggested above, education and healthcare services are of primary importance to citizens, and the government has the responsibility to ensure that those services are available and affordable. However, it is not to say that the government should bear the costs of all healthcare and educational services that the citizens currently enjoy. 再看开头：Not surprisingly, health care and education are two areas of government priority in most, if not all, of the countries. However, many tend to see both areas as citizens individual responsibilities. As a matter of fact, the government and the citizens should be jointly responsible for the cost of education and health care service.(1) The first point to note is that government funding for education is of great benefit to families with children and the society as a whole.(2) Similarly, an individual should receive health care treatments especially lifesaving ones, whether he or she has the means to pay. (3) Despite these facts, it is immoral that individuals shirk responsibility and try to pass all medical costs on to the government. (注意，此段论证不能说政府很穷云云，而是政府的钱，其实是来自纳税人，是大家的钱，不能专门用于保证某个人的利益。)Topic 6: It is widely accepted that people who have post-school qualifications earn higher salary than those less educated do. University students should, therefore, pay all the full cost incurred over the course of obtaining a college education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 高等教育收费是个有争议的话题。一方面，教育是百年大计，国家富强的根本。另一方面，学费完全由国家负担，国家未必负担得起。因此，许多国家目前采取的策略是，收取正常的费用，然后发放奖学金和贷款。中间段论证：本文论证不能把学生看做摇钱树。When laying the hope of future development over students, th