Unit_5_教师用书.doc

UNIT 5 READINGPassage ANOTES1. Northeastern UniversityNortheastern University (officially NU, formerly NEU), is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. Northeastern has six colleges and offers 65 undergraduate majors. At the graduate level, the University offers more than 125 programs and awards masters, doctoral, and professional degrees in law and business. Founded in 1898, Northeastern is a leader in interdisciplinary research, urban engagement, and the integration of classroom learning with real-world experience. The University is the home of more than 35 specialized research and education centers. In 2009, US News & World Report rated Northeastern as one of the Best Up-and-coming National Universities. 2. federal work-study programThe Federal Work Study program, FWS, is a United States federally funded program that assists students with the costs of postsecondary education. The Federal Work Study Program helps students earn financial funding through a part-time work program. The funds can be used at one of approximately 3,400 institutions across the country that participates in the program.3. Economic Opportunity Act of 1964Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson and Michael Herbert on August 20, 1964, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 served as the initial step in the war on poverty aspect of President Lyndon Johnsons Great Society program. The objective was to help the poor by enabling them to pull themselves from the grip of poverty. An additional aim was to improve the role of the federal government in the improvement of education. Implemented by the since disbanded Office of Economic Opportunity, the Act included several social programs to promote the health, education, and general welfare of the poor. Although most of the initiatives in the Act have since been modified, weakened, or altogether rolled back, its remaining programs include Head Start, and Job Corps. Remaining War on Poverty programs are managed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Servicess Office of Community Services and the U.S. Department of Labor.4. University of MichiganThe University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, U-M, UM, UMich, or simply Michigan) is a public research university located in the state of Michigan in the United States. It is the states oldest university, the flagship campus of the University of Michigan, and one of the top public universities in the world. It also includes two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn. The university was founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, about 20 years before the Michigan Territory officially became a state. The university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres (16 ha) of what is now known as Central Campus. Since its establishment in Ann Arbor, the university has physically expanded to include more than 500 major buildings with a combined area of more than 29 million square feet (664acres or 2.69km), and transformed its academic program from a strictly classical curriculum to one that includes science and research. Today, the university is a major research institution and is considered one of the original eight Public Ivies. In the most recent edition of World University Rankings, the university was ranked 18th among universities worldwide.5. Lynn UniversityLynn University (LU) is a private, non-profit university in Boca Raton, Florida, founded in 1962. The university is named for the Lynn family (Eugene M. Lynn), noted philanthropist. The university currently hosts students from 40 states and 90 nations. The students also complete a required international study experience as part of their major program, participating in a faculty-led study tour or spending a semester abroad.6. Danville Community CollegeDanville Community College (DCC) is one of the twenty-three two year colleges in the Virginia Community College System. It is located in Danville, Virginia. Unlike many of the other VCCS schools, it predates the formation of a statewide body for junior colleges. Its roots began in 1936 as Danville Textile School. In addition, a branch campus of Virginia Tech located in Danville was folded into the college in 1968. Danville Community College is governed by an advisory Board of nine members. The College is supervised by the Virginia Community College System (VCCS) and State Board for Community Colleges, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate degrees to those students successfully completing a curriculum.7. Auburn UniversityAuburn University (AU or Auburn) is a public university located in Auburn, Alabama, U.S. With more than 24,100 students and 1,200 faculty members, it is one of the largest universities in the state. Auburn was chartered on February 1, 1856, as the East Alabama Male College, a private liberal arts school affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In the year 1872 the college became the states first public land-grant university under the Morrill Act and was renamed the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama. In 1892, the college became the first four-year coeducational school in the state. In 1960 its name was officially changed to Auburn University to acknowledge the varied academic programs and larger curriculum of a major university. It had been popularly known as Auburn for many years. Auburn is among the few American universities designated as a land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research center.8. The Chronicle of Higher EducationThe Chronicle of Higher Education is a newspaper that presents news, information, and jobs for college and university faculty members and administrators. The Chronicle of Higher Education is the major news service in the United States academic world. Based in Washington, D.C., The Chronicle is published every weekday online and appears weekly in print except for every other week in June, July, and August and the last three weeks in December (a total of 42 issues a year). In print, The Chronicle is published in two sections: section A with news and job listings, and section B, The Chronicle Review, a magazine of arts and ideas. The Chronicle was founded in 1966 by Corbin Gwaltney, who had been the founder and editor of the alumni magazine of the Johns Hopkins University. In 1993, it was one of the first newspapers to appear on the Internet, as a Gopher service.9. Bellarmine UniversityBellarmine University is an independent, Roman Catholic liberal-arts university in Louisville, Kentucky; it is the largest traditional, non-profit private university in the state. The institution opened in 1950 as Bellarmine College, established by the Archdiocese of Louisville and named after the Catholic Saint Robert Bellarmine. The name was changed by the Board of Trustees in 2000 to Bellarmine University. ComprehensionII. 1. False.2. No evidence.3. False.4. False.5. True.6. False.7. False.8. True.9. No evidence.10. False.Passage BNOTES1. U-M Geriatrics CenterThe University of Michigan Geriatrics Center was established in 1987 by the Regents of the University of Michigan. The Center is a dynamic collaborative effort among 12 schools and institutes and 178 faculty from 23 departments. The Geriatrics Center is dedicated to providing outstanding educational opportunities, advancing research on the healthcare issues of older adults and providing exemplary multidisciplinary care and services for the older population. Opening in May 1997, the Geriatrics Center is the first facility in the United States specifically designed for Geriatrics research and clinical programs. The Geriatrics Center Clinics and Turner Geriatric Clinic, the busy outpatient program of the Geriatrics Center, drew more than 20,000 visits in 2008. A broad range of clinical programs are available and emphasize an interdisciplinary approach to patient care and are particularly sensitive to health promotion, disease prevention and the psychosocial aspects of aging. The geriatric population is growing and the University of Michigan Geriatrics Center has the foresight to see the significance of aging and to respond by taking a leadership position nationally in this evolving field.2. Medicare Part DMedicare Part D is a federal program to subsidize the costs of prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. It was enacted as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) and went into effect on January 1, 2006.3. Blue Cross Blue ShieldThe Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBSA) is a federation of 39 separate health insurance organizations and companies in the United States. Combined, they directly or indirectly provide health insurance to over 100 million Americans. The history of Blue Cross dates back to 1929, while the history of Blue Shield dates to 1939. The Blue Cross Association dates back to 1960, while its Blue Shield counterpart was actually created in 1948. The two organizations merged in 1982, forming the current association.4. Wayne State University Medical SchoolFounded in 1868, the Wayne State University School of Medicine is the largest single-campus medical school in the nation with more than 1,000 medical students. In addition to undergraduate medical education, the school offers masters degree, Ph.D. and M.D.-Ph.D. programs in 14 areas of basic science to about 400 students annually. The schools ties to the community are strong. As the only medical school in Detroit, WSU has a stated mission to improve the overall health of the community. As part of this mission, the School has established, with the help of a $6 million NIH grant, the Center for Urban & African-American Health to seek new ways to redress health disparities by identifying preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches to chronic diseases that plague this population, namely obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Perhaps the most significant contribution the School provides to the community is care to area residents who are under- or uninsured. Along with the Detroit Medical Center, WSU faculty physicians provide an average of $150 million in uncompensated care annually.5. TylenolTylenol (泰诺) is a North American brand of drugs for relieving pain, reducing fever, and relieving the symptoms of allergies, cold, cough, and flu. The active ingredient of its original, flagship product, acetaminophen (called paracetamol outside North America) (对乙酰氨基酚, 又称扑热息痛或醋氨酚), is marketed as an analgesic and antipyretic. Like the words acetaminophen and paracetamol, the brand name is derived from the chemical name for the compound, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) (N-乙酰-对-氨基苯酚). The brand is owned by McNeil Consumer Healthcare.6. EEGElectroencephalography (EEG) (脑电图) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brains spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 20 40 minutes, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. In neurology, the main diagnostic application of EEG is in the case of epilepsy, as epileptic activity can create clear abnormalities on a standard EEG study. A secondary clinical use of EEG is in the diagnosis of coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method for the diagnosis of tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of anatomical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT.7. Institute of MedicineThe Institute of Medicine (IOM), one of the United States National Academies, is a not-for-profit, non-governmental American organization chartered in 1970 as a part of the United States National Academy of Sciences. Its purpose is to provide national advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine, and health, and its mission to serve as adviser to the nation to improve health. It works outside the framework of the U.S. federal government to provide independent guidance and analysis and relies on a volunteer workforce of scientists and other experts, operating under a rigorous, formal peer-review system. The Institute provides unbiased, evidence-based, and authoritative information and advice concerning health and science policy to policy-makers, professionals, leaders in every sector of society, and the public at large.8. baby boomerBaby Boomer is a term used to describe a person who was born during the demographic Post-World War II baby boom. The term is sometimes used in a cultural context. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve broad consensus of a precise definition, even within a given territory. Different groups, organizations, individuals, and scholars may have widely varying opinions on what constitutes a baby boomer, both technically and culturally. For instance, the United States Census Bureau considers a baby boomer to be someone born during the demographic birth boom between 1946 and 1964. Ascribing universal attributes to a broad generation is difficult, and some observers believe that it is inherently impossible. Nonetheless, many people have attempted to determine the broad cultural similarities and historical impact of the generation, and thus the term has gained widespread popular usage.In general, baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values; however, many commentators have disputed the extent of that rejection, noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations. In Europe and North America boomers are widely associated with privilege, as many grew up in a time of affluence. As a group, they were the healthiest, and wealthiest generation to that time, and amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time. One of the unique features of Boomers was that they tended to think of themselves as a special generation, very different from those that had come before. In the 1960s, as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults, they, and those around them, created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort, and the change they were bringing about. This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers, as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations, which was a relatively new phenomenon.9. primary carePrimary care is a term used for the activity of a health care provider who acts as a first point of consultation for all patients. Continuity of care is also a key characteristic of primary care. Primary care is an important form of health access for patients. Primary care involves the widest scope of health care including all ages of patients, patients of all socioeconomic and geographic origins, patients seeking to maintain optimal health, and patients with multiple chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression and back pain. A 2009 report by the New England Healthcare Institute determined that an increased demand on primary care by older, sicker patients and decreased supply of primary care practitioners has led to a crisis in primary care delivery. The research identified a set of innovations that could enhance the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of primary care in the United States.10. MedicareMedicare is a social insurance program administered by the United States government, providing health insurance coverage to people who are aged 65 and over, or who meet other special criteria. The medicare program also funds residency training programs for the vast majority of physicians in the United States. Medicare operates as a single-payer health care system. The Social Security Act of 1965 was passed by Congress in late-spring of 1965 and signed into law on July 30, 1965, by President Lyndon B. Johnson as amendments to Social Security legislation. At the bill-signing ceremony President Johnson enrolled former President Harry S. Truman as the first Medicare beneficiary and presented him with the first Medicare card.11. 800-pound gorillaAn 800-pound gorilla refers to corporations, organizations or even individuals so powerful and dominant that they literally control or at least influence all other competitors in their fields. The search engine Google could be considered an 800 pound gorilla in the web search community, for example, because it clearly dominates the field and competitors such as Alta Vista and Yahoo! often find themselves reacting to any changes Google chooses to implement. When an 800 pound gorilla moves, its often best to move with it or else give it plenty of room.12. American Geriatrics SocietyThe American Geriatrics Society (AGS): a professional society founded on June 11, 1942 for doctors practicing geriatric medicine. It is a not-for-profit organization of over 6,700 health professionals devoted to improving the health, independence and quality of life of all older people. The Society provides leadership to healthcare professionals, policy makers and the public by implementing and advocating for programs in patient care, research, professional and public education, and public policy. The Societys peer-reviewed journal, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is one of the top journals on aging. Its other journals include the Annals of Long-term Care and Clinical Geriatrics. The Society also publishes the Geriatrics Review Syllabus (now in its 6th edition). The Society has published clinical practice guidelines on persistent pain, diabetes mellitus, and falls. Its pocket tool, Geriatrics at Your Fingertips, is one of the most widely used geriatric clinical tools with average annual s