【11年高考2004-2014】---情态动词、虚拟语气.doc

【11年高考】2004-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：情态动词、虚拟语气2014全国高考汇编之虚拟语气+情态动词 一（2014安徽卷）30People are recycling many things which they away in the past.A. had thrown B. will be throwingC. were throwing D. would have thrown【考点】考察情态动词用法【答案】D【解析】句义：人们作者回收利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。Would have done过去常常做某事；是对过去发生的事情的推测。如果不适应情态动词，可以使用一般过去时threw。故D正确。【举一反三】I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。二（2014北京卷）27. _ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。Can能够，可能；must必须，一定；非得；shall将要；should应该；句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用can I？表示询问对方是否允许。如：Can I use your dictionary?我可以使用你的字典吗？故A正确。三（2014北京卷）34. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be【考点】考察虚拟语气【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会在宾馆里了。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D正确。【试题延伸】条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反，条件句中使用过去时，be动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”；如果与将来事实相反，条件句中有三种：过去时；were to do ;should+动词原形，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；要特别注意如果省略了if，句子要使用部分倒装的形式，把助动词，be动词，情态动词提之主语前。【举一反三】Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live【答案】D【考点】 考查情态动词。【解析】在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.此处were to live用于虚拟语气，表示与将来的事实相反。四（2014大纲卷）30. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析【答案】D【解析】should应该，竟然；need需要；must必须，一定；非得，偏偏；can能够，可能，有时会；句义：尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货，但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方。根据句义可知can表示有时可能，有时会；故D正确。【举一反三】It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A.must B.can C.should D.would答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must必然, 一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将, 总会。本题提供的语境是 “有时可能会”。五（2014福建卷）32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been【考点】考察虚拟语气和省略【答案】A【解析】本题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在相反，if从句中使用“过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；在if被省略的时候，要使用部分倒装。句义：如果没有现代的电信业，要想得到世界各地的消息，我们就不得不等几个星期。故A正确。六（2014湖南卷）22.If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. wereB. had beenG. should beD. was【考点】考察虚拟语气【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是条件状语从句的虚拟语气中的与过去事实相反的情况。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要使用“过去完成时had done”，主句要使用“情态动词+have done”。句义：如果Mr Dewey在场，他就会向那里的人提供保证。根据本句后面主句中的would have offered说明与过去事实相反，故从句中使用过去完成时。故B正确。【试题延伸】if的虚拟语气非常重要，简要概括如下：1、表示与现 在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do。【举一反三】If may car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be【答案】B 【考点】考查虚拟语气。【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。七（2014湖南卷）25. Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we_ bring anything with us?A. cant B. mustntC. shant D. neednt【考点】考察情态动词【答案】D 【解析】本题考察的是情态动词意义辨析。cant不可能；不能；mustnt禁止，千万不能；neednt不必；不需要；句义：我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。你是指我们不必带任何东西了？根据句义可知前者已经准备了一切食物，所以后者不需要带任何东西。故D正确。【举一反三】We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 【答案】B【考点】考察情态动词的用法【解析】may not不可以，neednt不需要，cant不可能， mustnt绝不可能本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。八（2014江苏卷）31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. could【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是情态动词的特殊意义。Might也许；would会，过去常常做某事；should应该，竟然；could能够；句意：让我难过的是，如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。根据句意可知本句中的should表示“竟然”。故C正确。【试题延伸】在平时的学习中既要注意情态动词的基本含义，也要注意情态动词的特殊意义，如must偏偏，非得；should竟然；mustnt禁止，千万不能；等等。情态动词Shall用于所有人称，表示命令，警告，允诺；以及法律规定中要做的事情。【举一反三】Its hard to believe that Jack _ have fought with the policeman. Yes. If one _ ask for trouble, it cant be helped.A. would; will B. must; may C. should; must D. need; dare【答案解析】C考查情态动词。句意：难以置信，杰克竟然与警察打了一架。是的。如果一个人非要找麻烦，实在没法子。句中should表示“竟然”，must表示“硬要，非要”。九（2014江西卷）30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest _become the richest .A. shall B. must C. need D. might【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是情态动词辨析。Shall将要；must必须，一定；need需要；might也许；句义：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。根据前句：Life is unpredictable。说明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。故D正确。【试题延伸】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可；will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。Shall表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。十（2014陕西卷）23. We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay【考点】考察虚拟语气【答案】C【解析】would rather后面的从句要使用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与现在将来相反，所以使用一般过去时，如果与过去相反，要使用过去完成时。句义：我们宁愿我们的女儿待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她已经不再是孩子了。根据句义可知是与现在相反，所以使用一般现在时。故C正确。【举一反三】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案B考点本题考查虚拟语气。解析would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式十一（2014陕西卷）25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who _ have taken it?A. need B. must C. should D. could 【考点】考察情态动词用法【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是“情态动词+have done”的用法。该结构既可以表示虚拟，也可以表示对过去情况的推测。Need have done本可以做某事，实际上却未做；must have done一定做了某事；should have done本应该做某事，实际上却未做；could have done可能做了某事/本可以做某事，实际上却未做；句义：我的书The House of Hales,不见了。可能是谁拿走了它呢？根据句义可知本句中的could have done表示“可能做了某事”。故D正确。十二（2014四川卷）6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. might B. must C. would D. should【考点】考察情态动词特殊用法【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。Might也许；可能；must一定，必须；非得，偏偏；would将要，会；过去常常；should应该，竟然；本句中的would表过去的习惯性动作，可译为“过去常常”，现在可能还会继续做下去。区别于used to do过去常常做某事，通常表示现在已经不这样做了。句意：我仍然记得我那幸福的童年，在那时我的母亲常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。其余三项与上下文语境不相符。故C正确。【试题延伸】在平时的学习中既要注意情态动词的基本含义，也要注意情态动词的特殊意义，如must偏偏，非得；should竟然；mustnt禁止，千万不能；等等。情态动词Shall用于所有人称，表示命令，警告，允诺；以及法律规定中要做的事情。【举一反三】Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?Itbe, but it is now heavily polluted.A.will B.would C.shouldD.must答案C考点考查情态动词的区别。解析will可用来表示 “意愿；客观必然性等”；would可表示 “意愿；过去常常（现在也可能是那样的）”；should表示 “应该, 理应”；must表示 “必然；一定, 准是”。结合语境可知, 此处用should表示虚拟。句意为： “这本来应该是美丽的, 但是现在它被严重污染了。十三（2014天津卷）15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught【考点】考察省略和倒装以及虚拟语气【答案】D【解析】本题实际上是一个条件状语从句的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。条件句中使用“过去完成式”，主句使用“情态动词+have done”；当条件句中的if省略的时候，要把had提前形成部分倒装。句义：如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。故D正确。十四（2014浙江卷 ）16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help. A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come【考点】考察虚拟语气【答案】A【解析】本句考察的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad.因为前面句中使用的是were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词+have done”的形式。句意：在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里，他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们的。故A正确。【举一反三】Hehave completed his work; or he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.should B.must C.wouldntD.cant答案B考点考查情态动词表猜测的用法。解析由句意 “他一定是已经完成工作了；否则, 他就不会在海边玩得那么高兴。”可知是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。十五（2014重庆卷 ）3. Ive ordered some pizza , so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.A.cant B. dare not c. neednt D. may mot【考点】考察情态动词【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是情态动词意义辨析。Cant不可能；做不到；dare not不敢；neednt 不必；may not也许不；句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以当我们很累地到家的使用，不必担心做饭的问题。Need既可以作为情态动词，也可以作为行为动词。当它作为情态动词的使用常常用于疑问句和否定句中，表示“不必”。根据句意说明C正确。【试题延伸】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可；will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。Shall表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。【举一反三】Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.Youit. I could manage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have doneC.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done答案B考点考查情态动词的完成式和一般式的区别。解析neednt do不需要做；mustnt禁止做, 都用于现在的动作；neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事；shouldnt have done是本不该做却做某事。十六（2014重庆卷 ）13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _it?A. had doneB. have done C. didD. am doing【考点】考察虚拟语气【答案】A【解析】连词短语as if似乎，好像；其后面的从句有两种情况，如果是真的事情，就使用陈述语气；如果表示的是假的事情，就使用虚拟语气，其中与过去相反，使用“过去完成时”；与将来相反，使用过去将来时；与现在相反，使用一般过去时。句意：打破玻璃的是John，为什么你 和说话，好像是我打破了玻璃一样。根据前一句中的was说明打破玻璃是过去发生的事情，所以是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故使用过去完成时。故A正确。 04全国Isnt that Anns husband over there?No, itbe him. I am sure he doesnt wear glasses.A.cant B.mustntC.wont D.may not答案A考点考查否定的推断。解析cant不可能；must not不许；wont将不会；may not可能不。根据 “Im sure he doesnt wear glasses（我确信他不戴眼镜）”可知, 说话者的态度是：不可能是他。04全国IVTom graduated from college at a very young age.-Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then.A. could B. should C. might D. must答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析既然大学毕业时年龄很小, 当然可以推测一定是个聪明的家伙。04重庆“The interestbe divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, “declared the judge.A.may B.shouldC.must D.shall答案D考点考查shall的习惯用法。解析shall与第二、三人称名词连用, 表示义务, 责任, 决心, 许诺, 它可以用于条文中；should/must用于口语中。04上海Children under 12 years of age in that countrybe under adnlts supervision when in a public library.A. must B.may C.can D.need答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：未满12岁的儿童必须在成人的监督下呆在图书馆。表示 “必须”时用must侧重主观, have to侧重客观。04天津Who is the girl standing over there?Well, if youknow, her name is Mabel.A.may B.can C.must D.shall答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析此题中的must表示 “一定要, 坚持要”。04湖南Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.Youhave my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt答案A考点本题考查shall的用法。解析shall用于第二、三人称, 可表示命令、威胁。shall not=shant。04福建Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.Youher last week.A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told答案D考点考查 “情态动词+have done”构成的虚拟语气用法。解析答语句意为：你本该上周就告诉她(其实没告诉她)。04湖北Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry, I am not sure.But itbe.A.might B.will C.mustD.can答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析 “I am not sure”说明说话者对情况没有把握, 推测语气较弱, 使用might。04上海春You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers not like the design of the furniture.A.must B.shallC.may D.need答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析根据情景确定情态动词表示 “猜测”, may not表示 “可能不”。05全国Tom, youleave all your clothes on the floor like this!A.wouldntB.mustntC.needntD.may not答案B考点考查情态动词。解析wouldnt用以提示客气的请求；mustnt表示禁止, 不允许；neednt表示没必要；may not表示不可以。根据语境要求Tom不许把衣服放在地板上。05全国John, look at the time.you play the piano at such a late hour?A.Must B.Can C.MayD.Need答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must在此处显示出说话人的不快, 有 “难道非要”的意思。05北京Hehave completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.should B.must C.wouldntD.cant答案B考点考查情态动词表猜测的用法。解析由句意 “他一定是已经完成工作了；否则, 他就不会在海边玩得那么高兴。”可知是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。05上海Therebe any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A.mustntB.shant C.shouldntD.neednt答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：因为你在驾校已经训练了这么多, 通过路考一定没有什么困难。本句中表达出劝慰对方的语气。mustnt表示 “禁止, 不允许”, 表示警告或命令; shant表示 “将不会”；shouldnt表示据情况推测 “理应”；neednt表示 “不必”。05天津Ihave been more than six years old when the accident happened.A. shouldntB.couldnt C.mustntD.neednt答案B考点考查对过去发生的情况的推测。解析couldnt have done是对过去发生情况的否定推测, 其肯定形式同样是对过去发生情况的推测, 意为 “可能已”。shouldnt have done本来不应该, 但实际已经；neednt have done本来不需要, 但实际上已经；must表示推测时, 只用在肯定句中。故选B项。05辽宁This cake is very sweet. Youa lot of sugar in it.A.should put B.could have put C.might putD.must have put答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：这蛋糕, 非常甜。你一定放了许多糖在里面。05浙江The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because itbe very slow.A.should B.must C.willD.can答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析此处表达一种可能性, 要用can, 其他三项都表示主观情态。should应该, 义务, must必须, 一定, will将会, 都与句意不符。05福建Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.Youit. I could manage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have doneC.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done答案B考点考查情态动词的完成式和一般式的区别。解析neednt do不需要做；mustnt禁止做, 都用于现在的动作；neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事；shouldnt have done是本不该做却做某事。05湖南Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She.I have already borrowed one.A.cant B.mustnt C.needntD.shouldnt答案C考点考查情态动词的辨析。解析根据后面的句子 “Ive already borrowed one”说明她没必要借字典给我了, 故选C项。05湖北Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well, hehave gone farhis coats still here.A.shouldntB.mustnt C.cantD.wouldnt答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析由句意可知, “他肯定没走远”, 此处是对过去的否定推测, 而且语气最强, 故用cant have done。05江苏Dont you think it necessary that heto Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem ishe has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;whatD.should not send;what答案B考点本题考查虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。解析not be sent是虚拟语气, 相当于should not be sent。05山东He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need答案A考点本题考查虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。解析根据题干可看出此处句意为 “他本来可以免费入场”, 因此应用could have done。05湖北If Iplan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A.would B.could C.had toD.ought to答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：如果我能计划做任何想做的事, 我想去西藏尽可能地游览一番。观察一下句中的时态, 因为都是过去时, 句意表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气, 因此此处应用情态动词的过去时, 表示的意思是 “假如我们现在能够”, could表示不存在的可能性。05重庆I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They at least 150 kilometers an hour.A.should have been doing B.must have been doing C.could have doneD.would have done答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must have done用于肯定句中, 表示对过去事情的推测, 意为 “想必是, 一定是”。否定句、疑问句中对过去情况的推测, 要用can/could have done的形式。05山东He paid for a seat, however, hehave entered free.A.could B.would C.mustD.need答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析paid暗示时间上指的是过去, could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而未做的事情；肯定句中不用need have done; must have done与语境不吻合。据题干可看出此处句意为 “他本来可以免费入场”, 因此应用could have done。05江西Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Somethingto him.A.must happen B.should have happenedC.could have happened D.must have happened答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must have done的意思是 “一定发生了某事”。由对话所提供的情景可知：汤姆从不迟到, 所以他 “一定有事”。因此D项正确。05安徽Helengo on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A.shall B.must C.may D.can答案C考点此题考查情态动词的用法。解析may表示一种可能性。如果没有具体的语境的话, B、D两项也可以选, 但是意思就不同了。05江苏The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh, dear!Shea lot of difficulties!A.may go throughB.might go throughC.ought to have gone throughD.must have gone through答案D考点考查 “情态动词+have done”。解析从语境分析, 表示某人一定干过某事, 而且是对过去情况肯定的推测, 故应用must have done。C项相当于should have done表示对对方的责备, 意思是 “应该做而未做”, 在此不符合题意。06全国Theres no light ontheybe at home.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt答案A考点考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：（家中）没有亮灯, 他们肯定不在家。此处要用情态动词表推测, 且用于否定句表示 “肯定不”, 故cant符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句, mustnt表示 “禁止, 不许”；neednt表示 “不需要”；shouldnt表示 “不应当”, 故A项符合要求。06全国Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ityesterday.A.was happeningB.happensC.has happenedD.happened答案D考点考查虚拟语气的用法。解析as if仿佛, 好像, 其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事, 仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时, 故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。06全国We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.A.need B.must C.shouldD.can答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：我们希望尽可能多的人能参加我们明天的野餐。用can.表示可能性。06北京 Whats the name? Khulaifi.I spell that for you?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析shall在问句中征求对方意见, 主要用于第一人称。答语句意为： “我给你拼写一下好吗？”06天津Wehave proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A.needntB.may notC.shouldntD.mustnt答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：我们或许还没有证明是伟大的探险者, 但我们已取得了在过去的10年里的最伟大的进展。故应用may not。06浙江 Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you.A.can B.must C.may D.should答案B考点考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：妈妈, 我可以和你说句话吗？” “噢, 亲爱的, 如果你非要说的话。”must表示必须要做的事。06福建If it were not for the fact that shesing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.might not答案C考点考查情态动词的用法。解析题中that引导同位语从句。 “she cant sing”是一个事实, 是指在能力、技能等方面不能、不会。06湖南Some aspects of a pilots jobbe boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.A.can;have toB.may;canC.have to;mayD.ought to;must答案A考点考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：飞行员工作的某些方面可能是令人厌倦的, 并且飞行员经常在不方便的时候工作。第一空表示的是客观的可能性, 应用can；而第二空说在