高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题13 完形填空.doc

2013年高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题13 完形填空【2013高考预测】完形填空题作为近年来考高中一直保留的题型，主要是考查学生对英语知识技能的一种全面把握能力。作为一种传统题型，它能比较全面准确地反映出考生的真实英语水平。就题目本身而言，文章取材广泛，难度适中，长短适度，一般三四百单词左右，题目设置二十个，涉及基本语法项目，综合性强。在做完形填空题时，一般来说先要了解试题的命题导向，具备一定的语言综合能力，做题时应整体把握全文信息，抓住文章大意，然后紧扣中心，运用所学知识，细心推测，辨析词义，仔细答题。一、高考试题命题导向分析1.试题命题总体原则高考完形填空题一般取材于英文杂志报刊等，文章一般也是由以英语为母语的人士撰写，因此，文章通俗、地道。就题目设置而言，为了使考生在理解文章时得到一定启示，命题时一般不在文章开头就设空，这样有利于考生更好地抓住全文大意。文章主体部分逻辑性强，结构严谨，主题明确，中心突出，一般以记叙文为主，说明文、议论文为辅，其测试目标并不是以语言知识为主要目标，而是以对文意的理解为主要目标。二、完形填空题的解题技巧在高考做完形填空试题时，一定切忌匆忙下手，要首先从整体上把握全文含义，重视完整句的启示作用，弄清各分句，各段落之间的内在逻辑关系，仔细分析，弄清出题人的意图，注意文中所表达的心理活动，言语的表达形式，作者的态度及文章的主旨。一般来说，可以从以下几个方面人手:1.通篇考查，抓住大意做完形填空切忌拿来就做，必须先通览全文，对文章的大意进行整体把握，然后再化整为零，逐题选择。这才是正确的战略战术。 通览全文还须有科学的方法，应从提示句、完整句、关键句着手，充分利用已有信息来捕捉、扩展有效信息，注意细小情节和主要情节的发展，注意人物的心理活动等。在这一步中将难词、难结构、难句做上记号，留到下一步去解决。 2.“网”上邻居，注意逻辑在通读全文并对全文形成大致初步印象的基础上，围绕文章主题积极开展思维，寻找突破口。一般说来，完形填空题中有一些题比较容易选出正确答案，但有些题必须从左邻右舍，上下文中的逻辑联系中去寻求正确答案，这就要求做题者必须联系上下文来仔细考虑。一旦容易的题目得以解决，便可借助它们提供的信息进一步乘势扩大战果，歼灭较难的题目。3.紧扣中心，小心推理每篇完形填空都有部分空格难以选择答案。除了语言知识等因素的障碍外，主要原因还是考生对文意不大清楚之故。高考完形填空一般来说是有情节的。有些题目就是依托情节的发展而设置的。因此，只有弄清了情节，掌握了大意才能扣住中心。这样对于有意设计的几个题的连环答案选择才会准确无误，不然错一个就会导致几个错选。对于这类题只要倍加小心，抓住中心，注意情节发展的逻辑，小心推理就会避免出现连续性错误。4.辨析词义，果断答题现在的完形填空题基本上其选项在所在空格为独句时都是正确的。只是在整篇文章中只有一个是对的，因此，对于所给的几个选项中的词汇的辨析就格外重要。要最终确立正确答案，其落脚点还是归结到对词汇意义的掌握上了。假如知道该空格应用表示某种意义的词汇而考生对所给的选词的意义不能进行辨析，则不能选出正确答案。要做好完形填空题，考生必须具备扎实的词汇基础。5.复读全文，确认答案复读全文是解答完形填空必不可少的最后一道程序。这一步要根据文章主题，依据情节发展逻辑，根据语法知识对整个题目进行一次全方位的检索，重点检查与文章中心不符的问题，对答案进行确认。简言之，做好完形填空题并非一朝一夕之事，平时必须练好扎实的语言基本功，下力气培养语感，增加、扩充文化背景知识，要多操练。只有在了解上述解题的思路的基础上进行技巧性操练才能达到熟能生巧，才能在考试中稳操胜券。下面是典型例题部分省市完形填空试题及试题分析:i. 1. a. operator b. assistant c. waiter d. secretary2. a. good b. poor c. big d. usual3. a. so b. when c. therefore d. but4. a. sold b. knew c. gave d. sent5. a. making b. letting c. getting d. keeping6. a. wish b. insist c. declare d. suppose7. a. when b. if c. because d. though8. a. food b. fruit c. vegetables d. drink9. a. admit b. expect c. announce d. promise10. a. get b. only c. just d. even11. a. told b. said c. spoke d. talked12. a. serious b. strange c. polite d. familiar13. a. as well b. as usual c. either d. also14. a. sayings b. questions c. words d. speeches15. a. and then b. and so c. even if d. but if16. a. preparations b. jokes c. repairs d. friends17. a. according to b. due to c. instead of d. up to18. a. never b. ever c. seldom d. always19. a. took b. moved c. threw d. turned20. a. something b. anythingc. somebody d. anybody试题分析 i just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and un- selfish love in your program. you doubted that such unselfish love would happen in todays world. well, im here to give you 1 .i wanted to do something very 2 for my fifteen year - old son,who has always been the perfect child. he 3 all summer to earn enough money to but a used motorcycle. then,he spent hours and hours on it 4 it looked almost new. i was so 5 of him that i bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.i could 6 wait for him to open up his gift. in fact, i barely slept the night before. upon a wakening, i went to the kitchen to 7 the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. in the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a 8 : “to my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”i was so 9 . it had been a log - standing joke in our family that i wanted a piano so that i could 10 lessons. “learn to play the piano,and ill get you one”was my hus - bands 11.i stood there shocked, crying a river, asking myself how my son could 12 this expensive gift.of course, the 13 awoke, and my son was thrilled(激动的)with my reaction. many kisses were 14 ,and i immediately wanted him to 15 my gift.as he saw the helmet and outfit, the look on his face was not 16 what i was expecting. then i 17 that he has sold the motorcycle to get me the keyboard.of course i was the proudest moter 18 on that day, and my feet never hit the ground for a month. so i wanted you to know,that kind of love still 19 and lives even in the ever-changing world of me, me, me !i thought youd love to 20 this story. yours,hilary p.s. the next day, my husband and i bought him a new “used” already shiny motorcycle. 1. a. hope b. advice c. support d. courage2. a. polite b. similar c. special d. private3. a. played b. studied c. traveled d. worked 4. a. after b. before c. unless d. until 5. a. sure b. fond c. proud d. confident 6. a. perhaps b. really c. almost d. hardly 7. a. start b. cook c. set d. serve8. a. note b. notice c. word d. sign 9. a. disturbed b. confused c. astonished d. inspired 10. a. give b. take c. draw d. teach 11. a. reason b. request c. comment d. response 12. a. present b. afford c. find d. order13. a. neighbor b. building c. home d. house 14. a. exchanged b. experiencedc. expected d. exhibited 15. a. tear b. open c. check d. receive 16. a. purely b. basically c. obviously d. exactly 17. a. realized b. remembered c. imagined d. supposed 18. a. only b. still c. ever d. even 19. a. works b. exists c. matters d. counts20. a. send b. publish c. share d. write “分享”，符合上下 文，本句意思是“我想你肯定和我一样会对这个故事 深有感触”。. you are near the front line of a battle. around you shells are exploding;people are shooting from a house behind you. what are you doing there? you arent a soldier. you arent 1 carrying a gun. youre standing in front of a 2 and youre telling the tv 3 what is happening.its all in a days work for a war reporter, and it can be very 4 . in the first two years of the 5 in former yugoslavia(前南斯拉夫), 28reporters and photographers were killed. hundreds more were 6 . what kind of peopleput themselves in danger to 7 pictures to our tv screens and 8 to our newspapers? why do they do it?“i think its every young journalists 9 to be a foreign reporter, says michael nicholson, thats 10 you find the excitement. so when the first opportunity comes, you take it 11 it is awar.”but there are moments of 12 . jeremy bowen says, “yes,when youre lying on the ground and bullets(子弹) are flying 13 your ears, you think: what am i doing here? im not going to do thius again. but that feeling 14 after a while and when the next war starts, youll be 15 .”“none of us believes that were going to 16 ,” adds michael. but he always 17 a lucky charm(护身符) with him. it was given to him by his wife for his first war. its a card which says “take care of yourself.” does he ever think about dying? “oh, 18 , and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to god, if you get me out of this, i 19 ill never do it again. you can almost hear god 20 ,because you know he doesnt believe you.?”1. a. simply b. really c. merely d. even 2. a. crowd b. house c. battlefield d. camera3. a. producers b. viewers c. directors d. actors 4. a. dangerous b. exciting c. normal d. disappointing 5. a. stay b. fight c. war d. life6. a. injured b. buried c. defeated d. saved7. a. bring b. show c. take d. make 8. a. scenes b. passages c. stories d. contents9. a. belief b. dream c. duty d. faith10. a. why b. what c. how d. where 11. a. even so b. ever sincec. as if d. even if 12. a. fear b. surprise c. shame d. sadness 13. a. into b. around c. past d. through 14. a. returns b. goes c. continues d. occurs 15. a. there b. away c. out d. home 16. a. leave b. escape c. die d. remain 17. a. hangs b. wears c. holds d. carries 18. a. never b. many times c. some time d. seldom 19. a. consider b. accept c. promise d. guess 20. a. whispering b. laughing c. screaming d. cryingv.it was the night before the composition was due. as i looked at the list of topics (题目),“the art of eating spaghetti (意大利面条)” caught my eye. the word “spaghetti” bought back the 1 of an evening at uncle aliens in belleville 2 all of us were seated around the table and aunt pat 3 spaghetti for supper. spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in 4 days. never had i eaten spaghetti, and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. what laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , i wanted to write about that, but i wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for mr. fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 ,i would write something else.when i finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for mr. fleagle.there was no choice next morning but to 14 my work.two days passed before my. fleagle returned the 15 papers. he said, “now, class, i want to read you a composition the art of eating spaghetti.”my words! he was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. i did my best not to show 18 ,but what i was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .1. a. memory b. thought c. knowledge d. experience2. a. when b. where c. since d. after3. a. cooked b. served c. got d. made4. a. their b. past c. last d. those5. a. none b. one c. earns d. neither6. a. careful about b. good at c. fond of d. interested in7. a. speeches b. lessons c. sayings d. arguments8. a. nearly b. naturally c. officially d. socially9. a. especially b. probably c. suddenly d. fortunately10. a. settle b. put c. bite d. let11. a. work b. story c. luck d. joy12. a. however b. therefore c. as for him d. except for that13. a. time b. excuse c. way d. idea14. a. give up b. continue c. hand in d. delay15. a. written b. graded c. collected d. calmly16. a. laid b. fast c. publicly d. calmly17. a. people b. nobody c. somebody d. i18. a. shock b. wonder c. worry d. pleasure19. a. if b. for c. while d. although20. a. excited b. satisfied c. think d. laugh. we may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until what ever weve become used to suddenly disappears. 1 , for example, the neatly-dressed woman i 2 to seeor look aton my way to work each morning.for three years, no matter 3 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 a. m. on 4 days, she were heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. summertime 5 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a had pulled low over her sunglasses. 6 , she was an ordinary working woman. of course,i 7 all this only after she was seen no more. it was then that i realized how 8 i expected to see her each morning. you might say i 9 her. “did she have an accident? something 10 ?”i thought to myself about her 11 . now that she was gone, i felt i had 12 her. i began to realize that part of our 13 life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar 14 :the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 15 walks her dog along the street every morning,the twin brothes you see at the library. such people are 16 markers in our lives. they add weight to our 17 of place and belonging.think about it. 18 ,while walking to work, we mark where we are by 19 a certain building,why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar,though 20 , person?1. a. make b. take c. give d. have 2. a. happened b. wanted c. used d. tried 3. a. what b. how c. which d. when4. a. sunny b. rainy c. cloudy d. snowy5. a. took b. brought c. carried d. turned6. a. clearly b. particularly c. luckily d. especially 7. a. belived b. expressed c. remembered d. wondered8. a. long b. often c. soon d. much9. a. respected b. missed c. praised d. admired10. a. better b. worse c. more d. less 11. a. disappearance b. appearancec. misfortune d. fortune 12. a. forgotten b. lost c. known d. hurt 13. a. happy b. enjoyable c. frequent d. daily 14. a. friends b. strangers c. tourists d. guests 15. a. regularly b. actually c. hardly d. probably16. a. common b. pleasant c. important d. faithful 17. a. choice b. knowledge c. decision d. sense 18. a. because b. if c. although d. however19. a. keeping b. changing c. passing d. mentioning 20. a. unnamed b. unforgettable c. unbelievable d. unreal【难点突破】1.利用逻辑关系解题尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。如：(1) 句中逻辑关系vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and_1_nitrogen. they are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. 1. a. mostly b. partly c. sometimes d. rarely短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。and前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely (很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有c项sometimes (不时，有时) 你恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选c。 (2) 句间逻辑关系 在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如： ms cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. _13_, she encourages them to get _14_ ways to do business. 13. a. still b. yet c. instead d. while(3) 段间逻辑关系这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：not everyone sees that process in perspective. it is important to do so. it is generally recognized, _29_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.29. a. indeedb. hence c.howeverd.therefore2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如： 51_do you suppose he asked for them? 51. a. what b. how c. who d. which _ i had been born in the 16th century, i would have had no job. 8. a. because b. while c. if d. since3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：they couldnt read or write. they didnt like to work and they never _12_ baths. 12. a. took b. washed c. ran d. coveredi did very badly at school. my headmaster thought i was useless and when i was 14 he said, “youre never going to be _2_ but a failure.”2. a. anything b. something c. everything d. nothing4.利用固定句型解题完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：i havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _19_ i used a phone box. 19. a. as b. when c. if d. since it wasnt long _18_the police caught the thief. 18. a. after b. when c. before d. until“why _14_ you take a big man with you? you have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”14. a. dont b. couldnt c. cant d. do答案a. why dont you do sth?是表示建议的固定句型，意为“为何不？”。5.利用复现信息解题语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：first of all, i respected his _3_ to teaching. because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom. 3. a. attention b. introduction c. relation d. devotion6.利用跳读法解题一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：“visitors!” repeated josh, wide-awake at once. he_1_ up and looked around. a short distance away, a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us. one of them _3_ walking toward us. we both jumped to our _4_ not knowing what to expect. 1. a. satb. stayedc. thought d. put 2. a. pilotsb. nativesc. editorsd. assistants 3. a. avoidedb. delayed c. began d. desired 4. a. boatb. car c. horsesd. feet7.巧用排除法解题在有些情况下，考生如果不能