六年级语法重点归纳.doc

六年级总复习语法重点归纳一、 动词原形。1. can/cant +动原 如： I can play basketball. I cant sing the song. 情态动词后加动原。情态动词有 can should may must2. Do/Does+ +动原 如：Do you play the violin? Does she do housework? Did + +动原 如：Did you go to the farm last week? 3. dont/doesnt +动原 如：We dont work on Sundays. He doesnt go to school. didnt + +动原 如：We didnt see a film yesterday.4.主（非三单） +动原 如：I go to school every day.5.Lets +动原 如： Lets do some exercise. Let+人称宾格+动原 6.Shall we +动原 如： Shall we watch TV?7.祈使句把动原放句首 如：Touch your feet with your fingers. 8.help +动原 如：Trees help keep the air clean.二、 动词ing 形式1. 拿到题目一定要先判断时态，（时间关键词now/look/listen）They are singing now. 表明现在几点了如：Its 2 oclock, We are having a PE lesson now.具体情境如： Dont sing loudly,my father is sleeping. Where is Liu Tao? He is reading in the library. We cant help you, we are having an English lesson.现在进行时 主+be+动ing 肯定句式：主语+be+动ing+其他 She is singing in the music room now.否定句式：主语+be+not+动ing+其他 She isnt singing in the music room now.一般疑问句：be+主语+动ing+其他 Is she singing in the music room now? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+动ing+其他 What is she doing in the music room? 动词ing形式即现在分词的构成：情况构成方法例词一般情况加-ing jump-jumping; see- seeing eat-eating play-playing draw-drawing以不发音的e结尾去e加-ing take-taking; skate-skating; 以重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母加-ingget-getting; jog-jogging; run-running; stop-stopping; sit-sitting; put-putting; swim-swimming; shop-shopping; 2. like/love + 动ing 如： I like collecting stamps.3. go + 动ing 如： She often goes climbing.4.how about + 动ing 如：How about going to the cinema? 介词后 + 动inglearn about 学习关于. 后面加动词的ing形式 如：Ill learn about cooking on the Internet.5.特殊句型： do all the cooking and cleaning6.No+动ing 如：It means No smoking.7.start+动ing 如：He starts drawing.8.be good at 善于 后面加名词或动名词(动词ing)。Jim is good at English.We are good at playing football.三、 to +动原1.would(d) like +to + 动原 如：Id like to visit Shanghai.2.want +to + 动原 如： I want to buy things for the party.3.forget +to + 动原 如：I forget to close the door.4.need +to + 动原 如：we need to clean the library.5.time +to + 动原 如：Its time to have lunch.6.how +to + 动原 如：How to make a model plane?7.be happy +to + 动原 如：We are happy to see each other8. be sorry +to + 动原 如：Im sorry to hear that.9.try +to + 动原 如：They try to follow the orders.10. be glad +to + 动原 如：I am glad to see you.11,have+to+动原 如：We have to start the story again.12. be nice +to+动原 如：It was nice to get your email.13.cant wait to do,意思为迫不及待的去做某事。四、 拿到题目先判断时态。当有on Sundays/ (星期) in the evenings/ in the afternoons/ in the mornings /often/usually/ every /sometimes/ from Monday to Friday/always/ like代表喜欢/ have表示有。的时候表示一般现在时态。一般现在时（1）定义：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作，表示主语具备的能力等。（2）时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, every day( week), on Sundays( Mondays) 等。（3）结构：肯定句：主语+be动词+其他 She is an English teacher.主语（非第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他 I often get up at six.主语（第三人称单数）+动词第三人称单数+其他 My father usually goes to work by car.否定句：主语+be动词+not+其他 She isnt an English teacher.主语（非第三人称单数）+dont+动词原形+其他 I dont often get up at six.主语（第三人称单数）+doesnt +动词原形+其他 My father doesnt usually go to work by car.一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+其他 Is she an English teacher? Yes, she is / No, she isnt.Do+主语（非第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他Do you often get up at six? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Does+主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他Does your father usually go to work by car? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.（4）动三单的变化规则：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加s清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后读/z/like-likes swim-swims以s,x, ch,sh结尾加es读/iz/wash-washes teach-teacheswatch-watches catch-catches以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加es读/iz/study-studies fly- flies以元音字母+y结尾直接在y后加s就可以了。如：buy-buys主（非三单） +动原 如：I go to school every day.主（三单）即一个人或者一个东西。 把人称转化成 he she it + 动（s/es）Yang Ling likes going shopping注意：1.以chsh结尾加es.如：catches/ watches/washes/teaches/touches 2.以y结尾的，当倒数第二个字母是辅音字母的，变y为ies.如：studies 3.特殊的 has/ goes/does 五、一般过去时当时间状语为：ago, just now, yesterday, last, on Monday, this, in 1999，one day有时也可以表达过去时，from then on一般也用于过去时，the next day也常用于过去时等。一般过去时的句子结构: 肯定句式：主语+动词过去式+其他 主语+was/were+其他 否定句式：主语+didnt+动词原形+其他 主语+was/were+not+其他 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他 Was/Were+主语+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did/ Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+didnt./ No, 主语+wasnt/werent. 特殊疑问句：疑问词(what, where, when, why, how等)+did+主语+动词原形+其他 疑问词(what, where, when, why, how等)+was/were+主语+其他Be动词：肯定句：主语+was / were+ 其他 I was at home yesterday.The children were in the playground just now.否定句：主语+wasnt/ werent +其他 I wasnt at home yesterday.The children werent in the playground just now.一般疑问句：Was/ Were +主语+其他Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.Were the children in the playground just now? Yes, they were. / No, they werent.行为动词：肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他 Nancy did housework last weekend.否定句：主语didnt+动原+其他 Nancy didnt do housework last weekend.一般疑问句：Did +主语+动原 Did Nancy do housework last weekend?动词过去式变化规则： 动词过去式结尾ed的发音：一般情况直接加-ed以清辅音（除/t/）结尾读作/t/。如，watched，washed，liked，danced等。以浊辅音和元音（除/d/）结尾读作/d/。如，lived，watered，showed，turned等。以/t/和/d/结尾的读作/id/。如，visited，shouted，pointed，needed等。以不发音的字母e结尾加d，如：like-liked 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 不规则动词的变化，要逐一熟记： am, is -was, are-were, do-did, go-went, have/hashad, eatate, get -got ，drink-drank, fly-flew, come-came, make-made, get-got, sit-sat, see-saw, meet-met, take-took, become-became, buy-bought, bring-brought, wear-wore， meet-met， tell-told，stop-stopped，, write-wrote,read-read，say-said,become-became,lose-lost, can-could,find-found,catch-caught.原形过去式原形过去式makemadeseesawgetgotsaysaidletletbecomebecamewake唤醒wokebite咬bit六、一般将来时态解析a.定义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow（）, next week( month, year), this(afternoon, evening, weekend ) soon,some day,等。b.句型结构：be going to动词原形 will +动词原形 例句：I am going to buy some new clothes and food .我将要去买一些新衣服和食物。肯定句：主语+ be going to do 如：I am going to play football tomorrow.否定句：主语+ be not going to do 如：I am not going to play football tomorrow.一般疑问句：Be +主语+ going to do 如:Are you going to play football tomorrow? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be +主语+ going to do 注意点：come ,go可以用现在进行时表示一般将来时。例句：The bus is coming soon.(公共汽车一会就来了。) Where are you going? (你将要去哪里？)C. be going +to +动原 表示将要做某事 be going +to +地点 表示将要去某个地方My brother is going to pick apples on the farm next weekend. 1 2 3 4 1. Who is going to pick apples on the farm next weekend?2. What is your brother going to do on the farm next weekend?3. What is your brother going to pick on the farm next weekend?4. Where is your brother going to pick apples next weekend?一般将来时的特殊疑问句：一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将疑问词放在句首，后接一般疑问句（就主语提问时，以疑问词who 开头的疑问词除外）例如：Who is going to bring drinks for the party? Helen isWhos going to buy snacks and drinks for the party? Wang Bing is. When are they going to meet? At half past three. Where are you going to have the party? At Mikes house.Whens the party going to begin/start? At one oclock.Whens it going to end? At five.Whats Helen going to do for the party? She is going to play piano.Whats Mike going to bring to the party? He is going to bring some flowers.will的用法 will+动词原形=be going to+动词原形，构成一般将来时。表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow, next month( week, year), soon, this afternoon, this evening等。例：Ill play football tomorrow.=Im going to play football tomorrow. 人称+will的缩略形式和完整形式： 缩略形式完整形式缩略形式完整形式IllI willhellhe willyoullyou willshellshe willwellwe willtheyllthey willWill you go to Beijing by plane? 你乘飞机去北京吗？ No, I wont. 不。 这是一般将来时的一般疑问句，句中的wont是will not的缩略形式。will= be going to，都可以构成一般将来时 一般疑问句： Will+主语+ 动词原形+? Will she visit her aunt and uncle? Yes, she will. / No, she wont.注意： wont= will not特殊疑问句： 疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+?Where will she go? 她将要去哪里 What will she do there? 她将在那里做什么？ When will she go? 她将什么时候去？ How long will she stay there? 她将在那里待多久？六、名词名词复数：like +名词复数如：I like insects. How many +名词复数如：How many trees are there in the garden? 种类表示复数 如： catch +名词复数如：I often catch insects.different +名词复数如：We are from different cities.在一般现在时的时态里 on +星期复数 如 She often surf the Internet on Fridays.可数名词前有some/many/lots of /these/those/大于2的数词后面也是名词的复数名词的复数形式：1.直接在名词后加S。2.以s/es/ch/sh/x结尾的名词后加es.如：boxes watches buses 3.以辅音字母加y结尾，。把y变成ies.如studystudies hobbyhobbies librarylibraries butterfly-butterfliescitycities country countries 以元音字母加y结尾，。不要把y变成ies.直接在y后加s如 boy-boys toy -toys day-days holiday-holidays名词单数 every +名词单数 如： every week every Friday.mango-mangoes potato-potatoes tomato- tomatoes这三个以有生命的字母o结尾的单词，复数形式是在末尾加上es.表示数量的限定词：some,a lot of, a few,a little,many,much some,a lot of既可以修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。（还有any, lots of） 如：There are some/a lot of eggs in the fridge. There is some/a lot of milk in the fridge. a few 和a little是同义词，它们的区别： a few的意思是“几个”，与可数名词连用。如：There are a few eggs in the fridge. a little表示“一点儿”，与不可数名词连用。如：There is a little milk in the fridge. many 和much都表示“许多”，它们的区别： many与可数名词连用。如：There are many eggs in the fridge. much与不可数名词连用。如：There is much milk in the fridge.常见的不可数名词的食品归纳： bread, meat, rice, chocolate, milk, juice, tea, coffee, water, fruit, food【不可数名词】六液体：water，milk, juice, coffee, tea, cola 五食物：bread，rice, food，meat肉，fruit 五资源：coal，oil，energy, plastic, woodsweet名词：糖果；如：like sweets 形容词：甜的；如：sweet food有关职业的单词worker 工人 teacher教师 farmer农夫 driver驾驶员waiter 服务员 waitress女服务员 cook厨师 doctor医生nurse 护士 engineer工程师 policeman 警察 policewoman女警察traveller旅行者artist艺术家 pianist 钢琴家 scientist科学家 dentist 牙医 astronaut宇航员 dancer舞者 player运动员 writer作家 七、形容词+名词 （“姓名”结构）如：She is a beautiful girl. He is a good student.动词+ 副词 （“豆腐”结构）如：She dances beautifully. He studies well.副词一般是在形容词后加ly 如：quick- quickly careful carefully quietquietly beautiful-beautifully特殊形式 如： fastfast high-high good-well形容词quietloudsadhappycarefulbeautiful副词quietlyloudlysadlyhappilycarefullybeautifully形容词修饰名词。 She is a sad girl.副词修饰动词。一般置于动词的后面。 She is crying sadly.副词的用法：定义：表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词。副词可以用于修饰动词，一般放在动词后 面，使动词更加生动形象。形容词变副词的规则： 规律例词一般情况下直接加“ly”;quick-quickly, loud-loudly, quiet-quietly sad- sadly beautiful-beautifully, careful-carefully 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /，先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”；happy-happilyangry-angrily还有一类副词,有特殊的变化形式；good-wellHe speaks good English . 他讲一口流利的英语。He speaks English well. 他英语讲得不错。有些既是形容词，也是副词；fast, highlook, sad属于系动词，后面跟形容词。如：He looked sad. What makes the city dirty? 八、介词和动词+人称宾格如：介词in / to / for/ about / on / at/ behind/ under /of /from等等 Listen to me/us/him/her/them/it. In front of me动词 如：join me/us/him/ her/them/it主格 宾格 主格 宾格 I me she her they them he him we us it it you you九、on/in /at 的区别on 后跟具体某一天，on 后跟星期如： on Sunday on Teachersday on Monday morning on Friday afternoonOn 22nd April on后加有Day的节日：on National Day on Chinese New Years Day on Chinese New Years Eve on the second day of Chinese New YearIn 后跟一个时间段（大于一天或者小于一天） in +月份如： in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in a year in a term in May暑假通常在七月和八月，在某个月介词用in。在七月: in July 在八月: in August下列情况比较特殊。What lessons do you have this moring？因为强调了是this moring，指明是今天早上，所以不用加任何介词。at 后跟一个小的时间点或地点如：at home at half past three at night at a shopping centre表示节日的时候 后面有Day 的前面用 on 没有Day的前面用at如：at Easter at Spring Festival at Chinese New Year十固定搭配get for 带给 put in 把放到里面put on 把放到上面 touch with 用触碰show to 把展示给看 考试一定要看题show to是 show 东西 to 某人如果show后跟的是人的话，那就不是这个搭配，而是show某人 东西Show sb sth =show sth to sbGive sb sth =give sth to sb 把东西给某人It time to +动原= Its time for +名词walk through the city 走路穿过城市walk by the house 走过房子边climb up the hill 爬上小山hold onto 紧紧抓住 from all over the world 遍布世界各地be excited about 对感到兴奋 on the Internet 在网上Look out of the window 朝窗外看 wait for 等待laugh at 嘲笑 shout at 朝大叫 point at 指着Ask sb about sth 问某人有关某事take with 随身带talk to 和（人）交谈 talk about 谈论（某事）Talk to sb about sth 和某人交谈某事 =talk about sth with sb Would you like +to +动原 答句 Yes,Id like to/Yes,Id love to / Sure/ Sorry,Im busyWould you like +名词 答句 Yes,please .No,thanks.Tell about 告诉某人有关某事make for 为做 Buy sth for sb 为某人买某物from to 从到 learn from 从/向学习live in 居住在 lift up 抬起write to 写 （信、邮件）给 write about 写 有关的（故事）have a lot of fun = have agood time. Fun是一个不可数名词Tell sb about sth tell sb to do sthgetfrom 从得到 buyfrom 从 买use to 用做 reuse to重复使用做 at a shopping centre 在一家购物中心Take into 把 带入 sayto 对 说around them 在他们周围 look out of the window 朝窗外看move away from 把搬离，使远离do a project 做个课题 make a poster做张海报Lets meet at the school gate. 让我们在学校门口见面。Plan for 的计划 如： plans for Chinese New Years Day Plans for the weekendsmake a sentence with 用造句 wait for the answer 等待答案walk by走过 wake up吵醒， 唤醒 get off the bus 下车 get on the bus 上车find out 弄清 查明 read about 读到travel around the world 环游世界 be excited about 对感到兴奋 travel plans 旅游计划 a travel book 一本旅游书take care of=look after照顾 care about关心help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb with ones sth 帮助某人有关某人的事teach sb sth 教某人某事十一、其他1. 人感到激动是excited excited是形容词。Ready 也是形容词 use 是动词使用 形容词是useful careful也是形容词记住be动词加形容词哦2.Go to a farm=visit a farm join me =go with me3.would like to do sth. = want to do sth. 表示想要做某事。例如：She would like to clean my room.=She wants to clean my room.would like+名词=want+名词 例如：Id like some water.=I want some water.4.在一般现在时中，特殊疑问词who，what,which放在句首，把他们看成三单，主语三单后面的行为动词一般情况下用三单形式。例如： Who is stronger, the boy or the girl? Who teaches us English? What makes the air dirty?当然如果是过去时，那么行为动词仍然是过去时。如： What made the classroom dirty yesterday?5.make + 名词/代词 + 形容词 “使某人/某物变得.”如：make the air dirty 使空气肮脏 make the streets messy and dirty 使街道脏乱 make me sad 使我难过 keep + 名词/代词+ 形容词 “使某人/某物保持.”如：keep our city clean 使我们的城市保持干净 keep it clean 使它保持干净 Make 一般指不好的方面 ，Keep 一般指好的方面6. to+动原有时表示为了达到什么的目的，如： We plant more trees to keep the air clean. To keep the classroom clean,we should clean the classroom e from = be from 来自 例如：Where do you come from? = Where are you from?8.buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 买某物给某人例如：I want to buy a present for my mother. = I want to buy my mother a present.9.take the bus/metro to = go to by bus 如：take the bus/metro to school = go to school by bus /metro walk to = go to on foot 如：go to school on foot walk home = go home on footride a bike to = go to by bike10. in 是介词穿，wear 是动词穿 The man in the sweater is his father. The king isnt wearing any clothes.11.感叹句感叹句通常由what或how引导。what引导的感叹句后面一定要有名词1. What+a/an形容词可数名词单数如：Whatalovely dog!多可爱的一只小狗啊！同义句：How lovely the dog is!Whataninteresting!它是一本多么有趣的书啊！同义句：How interesting ! How引导的感叹句后面加形容词2.What形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词如：Whatbeautifulclothes!多么漂亮的衣服啊！同义句：How beautiful !13. 区分little, litter,letterLittle 小的，幼小的 如： little boy little birdLitter 扔 如： Dont litter.Letter 信 如：write letters14.Try on 表示试穿 代词it, them必须放到 .Try on的中间。例如：try it on /try them on具体的东西是可以放中间也可以放末尾pick up 表示“把捡起来”。代词it, them必须放到pick up 的中间。例如：pick it up pick them up Pick it up. 把它捡起来。 具体的东西是可以放中间也可以放末尾Pick up the banana skin. Pick the banana skin up. 把香蕉皮捡起来。Put it on. 把它穿上。 Put on the coat. Put the coat on. 把外衣穿上。15. Look for look after look atLook for 寻找 look after 照顾 look at看看16. In front of 在的前面 反义词behind 是位置的前后 Before的反义词是after ,是时间的前后。17. Become 和turn into Become 后加形容词。如：become cloudyturn into后加名词 如：turn into a prince18. Start和at firstStart 为动词 如 He strats drawing.at first作为一个词组，常放在句子开头或者末尾。如： It was wonderful at first.19. bring 和take Bring 带来，常见搭配 bringto Take 带去 ，常见搭配 take into take to take with 20Where did you go? 和What did you do?Where did you go? 是对去哪儿提问，答句中是去的地点，I went to the park.What did you do?是对做了什么提问。I watched TV.21.Bund, Great Wall, Palace Museum, Shanghai Museum, Summer Palace, Tiananmen Square这些词汇都是专有名词，除了Tiananmen Square之外，其他词在运用的时候，都要在前面加上定冠词the。国家名城市名之前不用加the 如：visit Shanghai22.国庆节和国庆节假期国庆节 National Day 国庆节假期 the National Day holiday 上个国庆节 last National Day 上个国庆节假期 last National Day holiday23.Now的时态当now 单独成句的时候为现在进行时如：He is reading now.当now 的前后有过去时做对比的时候为一般现在时。如：Seven years ago,he couldnt write, now he can write very well.24.walk 是“走路，步行”的意思，后面加to再加某地。如果其后加home,there,here等副词，则不加to，Walk home walk here walk there例如：I often walk to the factory. 我经常走着去工厂。I walk home every day. 我每天走着回家。25.Plasic much many区分too many/too much many和much都表示“许多”，many用来修饰可数名词，much用来修饰不可数名词。 e.g. We should not cut down too many trees.我们不应该砍太多的树。 Dont use too much plastic.不要使用太多