首页 人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 楼宇智能控制系统设计【开题+实习+翻译】【3张图纸】【优秀】
目录.doc

楼宇智能控制系统设计【开题+实习+翻译】【3张图纸】【优秀】

收藏

压缩包内文档预览：
预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图
编号：423751    类型：共享资源    大小：533.86KB    格式：RAR    上传时间：2015-04-09 上传人：上*** IP属地：江苏
30
积分
举报
举报 版权申诉
版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载
关 键 词：
楼宇 智能 控制系统 设计 开题 实习 翻译 图纸 楼宇智能控制
资源描述：

楼宇智能控制系统设计

57页 26000字数+说明书+外文翻译+实习报告+开题报告+3张CAD图纸【详情如下】

从主机控制.dwg

从主机控制.exb

内封.doc

外文翻译--单片机应用技术简介.doc

实习报告.doc

恒压供水图.dwg

恒压供水图.exb

摘要.doc

楼宇智能控制系统设计开题报告.doc

楼宇智能控制系统设计说明书.doc

温度控制图.dwg

温度控制图.exb

目录.doc

目录

前言………………………………………………………………………………1

1绪论………………………………………………………………………2

1.1课题研究的目的和意义…………………………………………………2

1.2 89C51系列单片机……………………………………………………3

1.2.1 89C51单片机简介…………………………………………………3

1.2.2 89C51单片机的组成………………………………………………3

1.2.3 89C51单片机引脚结构………………………………………………4

1.3单片机应用系统设计的一般方法……………………………………………6

1.3.1硬件设计及制作的一般方法………………………………………………6

1.3.2软件设计的一般方法………………………………………………………6

1.4论文的主要研究内容…………………………………………………………7

2 楼宇主从机控制系统总体设计………………………………………………8

2.1主从机多机通信原理…………………………………………………………8

2.2主从机多机通信协议…………………………………………………………9

2.3主从机通信过程……………………………………………………………9

2.4主从机通信流程图…………………………………………………………10

2.4.1 主机中断方式通信程序…………………………………………………10

2.4.2 从机中断方式通信程序…………………………………………………10

3 从机一：变频调速恒压供水系统……………………………………………12

3.1引言…………………………………………………………………………12

3.2系统结构及控制原理………………………………………………………12

3.2.1系统结构……………………………………………………………………12

3.2.2系统的控制原理……………………………………………………………13

3.3系统硬件电路设计…………………………………………………………14

3.4系统控制方案的选择………………………………………………………16

3.4.1输入通道的设计……………………………………………………………16

3.4.2输出通道的设计……………………………………………………………16

3.4.3压力传感器的选择…………………………………………………………17

3.4.4 PID控制器的设计…………………………………………………………18

3.4.5 A/D转换器的选择…………………………………………………………19

3.4.6 D/A转换器的选择…………………………………………………………21

3.4.7变频器的选择………………………………………………………………23

3.4.8光电耦合器的设计…………………………………………………………24

3.5系统软件设计………………………………………………………………26

3.5.1接口地址分配和控制断口功能……………………………………………26

3.5.2软件程序设计………………………………………………………………26

4 从机二：楼宇室内温度控制系统…………………………………………… 32

4.1引言…………………………………………………………………………32

4.2总体设计方案………………………………………………………………32

4.3系统硬件设计………………………………………………………………33

4.3.1系统电路及其功能说明……………………………………………………33

4.3.2采样放大模块设计…………………………………………………………35

4.3.3 A/D转换器的选择…………………………………………………………39

4.3.4 LED显示电路设计………………………………………………………41

4.3.5其他外设器件的选择………………………………………………………42

4.4 系统软件设计………………………………………………………………44

4.4.1主程序流程图………………………………………………………………44

4.4.2程序设计……………………………………………………………………44

4.5系统的扩展…………………………………………………………………50

5结论……………………………………………………………………………51

致谢………………………………………………………………………………52

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………53

附录A 译文……………………………………………………………………54

附录B外文文献………………………………………………………………60

摘要

　随着科学技术的发展，人们生活水平的提高，人们对自己居住的环境的要求也越来越高。伴随着计算机技术的发展，满足人们生活要求的智能化楼宇系统也在不断的发展，特别是单片机技术的出现后，对楼宇各个参数的自动化控制也得到了空前的发展。但是，现在许多的楼宇系统都局限于简单的半导体集成技术，还没有形成一个以专用集成电路（ASIC）为核心的控制系统。因此，有必要设计一套完整的控制系统，实现对楼宇各个参数的智能化控制。

　　　本文是基于89C51单片机对楼宇所需要控制的参数进行自动化控制的论文。本设计的设计思想是：设计基于89C51控制稳定供水和保持温度两个系统分别作为下位机，而以一台PC计算机为上位机，实现楼宇系统的变频恒压供水和温度的自动化调节。由于楼宇中需要控制的参数非常多，只能以温度控制模块和供水模块为例，楼宇中的其他参数控制可以在这两模块的基础上进行扩展即可。

　　　该基于89C51主从机控制系统可以提高城市人们的生活质量，同时该系统同样适合于工业技术的其他领域，如：数控机床、宇航科学等等方面，这正是由单片机控制系统的模块化设计所决定的。

关键词：89C51；恒压供水；温度；主从机

　　　随着科技的进步，社会的发展，人们的生活水平不断在提高，人们对自己的生活环境的要求也在不断的提高。在现代城市中，高层居住建筑已经是一种现实的需要，而随着居住建筑高度的增加，人们面临的问题也就越来越多。在较低层的居住建筑中人们可以随时人工控制建筑的各项居住参数，相比之下城市中高层楼宇的人们却不能象在低层建筑中那样得到充足的供水，不能得到理想的居住室内温度，不能方便的使用电力等资源。于是，需要一种比在低层小面积建筑中更加智能的设备系统来实现对整个高层楼宇各个系统的自动化控制，以满足高层楼宇人们居住的要求。本文所设计的各个系统都基于89C51单片机对各项参数进行控制，它的的整体功能如下：

　　　1）对楼宇设备实现以最佳控制为中心的过程控制自动化；

　　　2）以运行状态监视和计算为中心的设备管理自动化；

　　　3）以安全监视为中心的防灾自动化；

　　　4）以节能运行为中心的能量管理自动化。

　　　采用基于单片机的楼宇智能控制自动化系统后，能达到以下良好的效果：

　　　1）确保建筑物内具有最佳的工作与生活环境。通过控制建筑物内的温度，湿度和空气质量，使人们工作和生活拥有高效率、舒适、温馨和便利的环境。

　　　2）有效节约电能。采用计算机程序对整个建筑物的设备进行监视，提供可靠的、经济的最佳能源供应方案管理时间内设备用电量大小，使设备永远处于最佳运行状态及最佳利用率，大量减少不必要的浪费，达到节约用电的目的。据统计采用该系统后大约可节省电量达30%以上。

　　　3）大量节省管理人员。传统的仪表控制系统是通过建筑物物业管理人员楼上楼下来回奔走对各楼层的空调设备进行开关和调节，采用该系统后则可以通过计算机的键盘或鼠标在中央控制室完成。上述开关和调节控制工作，也可以由计算机内部的软件自动控制调节各设备的参数及开关状态，做到真正的管理自动化。因此可以减少管理人员的劳动强度，减少管理人员的数量。

　　　4）延长设备使用寿命。设备在计单片机的统一管理下始终处于最佳运行状态，按照设备的运行状况提示管理人员对设备进行维修和保养，避免超前或延误维修和保养，相应延长设备使用寿命，减免突发性设备损坏，也等于节省了资金。

内容简介：
中文题目：楼宇智能控制系统设计副 标 题：基于89C51的供水和温度主从机控制系统设计外文题目：THE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN OF INTELLIGENTBLOCKPREMISES BUILDING毕业设计（论文）共6 9页（其中：外文文献及译文16页） 图纸共3张 完成日期 2008年6月 答辩日期 2008年6月辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计（论文）附录A单片机应用技术简介摘要单片机的出现是计算机技术发展史上的一个重要里程碑，它开辟了计算机技术的另一个领域嵌入式(Embedded)计算机领域。目前单片机已成为工控领域，军事领域及日常生活中最为广泛使用的计算机。单片机作为微型计算机的一个重要分支，它的发展和应用越来越引起人们的重视。从单片机诞生至今，已发展为上百种系列的近千个品种。本文是 对单片机的 详细介绍，包括：单片机简介、单片机发展历史、单片机特点以及单片机的应用与发展趋势等五个方面。关键字：单片机；应用；特色；发展趋势1 单片机简介 单片机是一种集成电路芯片，采用超大规模技术把具有数据处理能力(如算术运算，逻辑运算、数据传送、中断处理)的微处理器(CPU)，随机存取数据存储器(RAM)，只读程序存储器(ROM)，输入输出电路(I/O口)，可能还包括定时计数器，串行通信口(SCI)，显示驱动电路(LCD或LED驱动电路)，脉宽调制电路(PWM)，模拟多路转换器及A/D转换器等电路集成到一块单块芯片上，构成一个最小然而完善的计算机系统。这些电路能在软件的控制下准确、迅速、高效地完成程序设计者事先规定的任务。 由此来看，单片机有着微处理器所不具备的功能，它可单独地完成现代工业控制所要求的智能化控制功能，这是单片机最大的特征。 然而单片机又不同于单板机，芯片在没有开发前，它只是具备功能极强的超大规模集成电路，如果赋予它特定的程序，它便是一个最小的、完整的微型计算机控制系统，它与单板机或个人电脑(PC机)有着本质的区别，单片机的应用属于芯片级应用，需要用户了解单片机芯片的结构和指令系统以及其它集成电路应用技术和系统设计所需要的理论和技术，用这样特定的芯片设计应用程序，从而使该芯片具备特定的功能。 不同的单片机有着不同的硬件特征和软件特征，即它们的技术特征均不尽相同，硬件特征取决于单片机芯片的内部结构，用户要使用某种单片机，必须了解该型产品是否满足需要的功能和应用系统所要求的特性指标。这里的技术特征包括功能特性、控制特性和电气特性等等，这些信息需要从生产厂商的技术手册中得到。软件特征是指指令系统特性和开发支持环境，指令特性即我们熟悉的单片机的寻址方式，数据处理和逻辑处理方式，输入输出特性及对电源的要求等等。开发支持的环境包括指令的兼容及可移植性，支持软件(包含可支持开发应用程序的软件资源)及硬件资源。要利用某型号单片机开发自己的应用系统，掌握其结构特征和技术特征是必须的。 单片机控制系统能够取代以前利用复杂电子线路或数字电路构成的控制系统，可以软件控制来实现，并能够实现智能化，现在单片机控制范畴无所不在，例如通信产品、家用电器、智能仪器仪表、过程控制和专用控制装置等等，单片机的应用领域越来越广泛。 诚然，单片机的应用意义远不限于它的应用范畴或由此带来的经济效益，更重要的是它已从根本上改变了传统的控制方法和设计思想。是控制技术的一次革命，是一座重要的里程碑。 2 单片机发展概述 1946年第一台电子计算机诞生至今，只有50年的时间，依靠微电子技术和半导体技术的进步，从电子管晶体管集成电路大规模集成电路，现在一块芯片上完全可以集成几百万甚至上千万只晶体管，使得计算机体积更小，功能更强。特别是近20年时间里，计算机技术获得飞速的发展，计算机在工农业，科研，教育，国防和航空航天领域获得了广泛的应用，计算机技术已经是一个国家现代科技水平的重要标志。 单片机诞生于20世纪70年代，象Fairchid公司研制的F8单片微型计算机。所谓单片机是利用大规模集成电路技术把中央处理单元(Center Processing Unit,也即常称的CPU)和数据存储器(RAM)、程序存储器(ROM)及其他I/O通信口集成在一块芯片上，构成一个最小的计算机系统，而现代的单片机则加上了中断单元，定时单元及A/D转换等更复杂、更完善的电路，使得单片机的功能越来越强大，应用更广泛。 20世纪70年代，微电子技术正处于发展阶段，集成电路属于中规模发展时期，各种新材料新工艺尚未成熟，单片机仍处在初级的发展阶段，元件集成规模还比较小，功能比较简单，一般均把CPU、RAM有的还包括了一些简单的I/O口集成到芯片上，象Farichild公司就属于这一类型，它还需配上外围的其他处理电路方才构成完整的计算系统。类似的单片机还有Zilog公司的Z80微处理器。 1976年INTEL公司推出了MCS-48单片机，这个时期的单片机才是真正的8位单片微型计算机，并推向市场。它以体积小，功能全，价格低赢得了广泛的应用，为单片机的发展奠定了基础，成为单片机发展史上重要的里程碑。 在MCS-48的带领下，其后，各大半导体公司相继研制和发展了自己的单片机，象Zilog公司的Z8系列。到了80年代初，单片机已发展到了高性能阶段，象INTEL公司的MCS-51系列，Motorola公司的6801和6802系列，Rokwell公司的6501及6502系列等等,此外,日本的著名电气公司NEC和HITACHI都相继开发了具有自己特色的专用单片机。 80年代，世界各大公司均竞相研制出品种多功能强的单片机，约有几十个系列，300多个品种，此时的单片机均属于真正的单片化，大多集成了CPU、RAM、ROM、数目繁多的I/O接口、多种中断系统，甚至还有一些带A/D转换器的单片机，功能越来越强大，RAM和ROM的容量也越来越大，寻址空间甚至可达64kB，可以说，单片机发展到了一个全新阶段，应用领域更广泛，许多家用电器均走向利用单片机控制的智能化发展道路。 1982年以后，16位单片机问世，代表产品是INTEL公司的MCS-96系列，16位单片机比起8位机，数据宽度增加了一倍，实时处理能力更强，主频更高，集成度达到了12万只晶体管，RAM增加到了232字节，ROM则达到了8kB，并且有8个中断源，同时配置了多路的A/D转换通道，高速的I/O处理单元，适用于更复杂的控制系统。 九十年代以后，单片机获得了飞速的发展，世界各大半导体公司相继开发了功能更为强大的单片机。美国Microchip公司发布了一种完全不兼容MCS-51的新一代PIC系列单片机，引起了业界的广泛关注，特别它的产品只有33条精简指令集吸引了不少用户，使人们从INTEL的111条复杂指令集中走出来。PIC单片机获得了快速的发展，在业界中占有一席之地。随后的事情，熟悉单片机的人士都比较清楚了，更多的单片机种蜂拥而至，MOTOROLA公司相继发布了MC68HC系列单片机，日本的几个著名公司都研制出了性能更强的产品，但日本的单片机一般均用于专用系统控制，而不象INTEL等公司投放到市场形成通用单片机。例如NEC公司生产的uCOM87系列单片机，其代表作uPC7811是一种性能相当优异的单片机。MOTOROLA公司的MC68HC05系列其高速低价等特点赢得了不少用户。 Zilog公司的Z8系列产品代表作是Z8671，内含BASIC Debug解释程序，极大地方便用户。而美国国半的COP800系列单片机则采用先进的哈佛结构。ATMEL公司则把单片机技术与先进的Flash存储技术完美地结合起来，发布了性能相当优秀的AT89系列单片机。包括中国的台湾HOLTEK和WINBOND等公司也纷纷加入了单片机发展行列，凭着他们廉价的优势，分享一杯美羹。 1990年美国INTEL公司推出了80960超级32位单片机引起了计算机界的轰动，产品相继投放市场，成为单片机发展史上又一个重要的里程碑。 此期间，单片机园地里，单片机品种异彩纷呈，争奇斗艳。有8位、16位甚至32位机，但8位单片机仍以它的价格低廉、品种齐全、应用软件丰富、支持环境充分、开发方便等特点而占着主导地位。而INTEL公司凭着他们雄厚的技术，性能优秀的机型和良好的基础，目前仍是单片机的主流产品。只不过是九十年代中期，INTEL公司忙着开发他们个人电脑微处理器，已没有足够的精力继续发展自己创导的单片机技术，而由PHILIPS等公司继续发展C51系列单片机。 3 单片机的特色由于单片机的结构形式及其所采取的半导体工艺，使之具有很多显著的特点，因而在各个领域都得到了迅猛的发展。其主要特点可归纳如下：1）优异的性能价格比。绝大部分单片机的价格只有几个美金。2）集成度高、体积小、有很高的可靠性：单片机把各功能集成在一块芯片上，内部采用总线结构，减少了各芯片之间的连线，大大提高了单片机的可靠性与抗干扰能力。另外，由于体积小，对于强磁场环境易于采取屏蔽措施，适合在恶劣环境下工作。3）控制能力强：为了满足工业控制的要求，一般单片机上午指令系统均有丰富的转移指令、I/O口的逻辑操作以及位处理功能。单片机的逻辑控制功能及运行速度均高于同一档次的微机。4）低能耗、低电压，便于生产便携式产品。5）外部总线增加了C及SPI等串行总线方式，进一步缩小了体积，简化了结构。6）单片机的系统扩展和系统配置较典型、规范，容易构成各种规模的应用系统。4 单片机的应用领域 单片机广泛应用于仪器仪表、家用电器、医用设备、航空航天、专用设备的智能化管理及过程控制等领域，大致可分如下几个范畴： 1在智能仪器仪表上的应用 单片机具有体积小、功耗低、控制功能强、扩展灵活、微型化和使用方便等优点，广泛应用于仪器仪表中，结合不同类型的传感器，可实现诸如电压、功率、频率、湿度、温度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、长度、硬度、元素、压力等物理量的测量。采用单片机控制使得仪器仪表数字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用电子或数字电路更加强大。例如精密的测量设备（功率计，示波器，各种分析仪）。2在工业控制中的应用 用单片机可以构成形式多样的控制系统、数据采集系统。例如工厂流水线的智能化管理，电梯智能化控制、各种报警系统，与计算机联网构成二级控制系统等。 3在家用电器中的应用 可以这样说，现在的家用电器基本上都采用了单片机控制，从电饭褒、洗衣机、电冰箱、空调机、彩电、其他音响视频器材、再到电子秤量设备，五花八门，无所不在。 4在计算机网络和通信领域中的应用 现代的单片机普遍具备通信接口，可以很方便地与计算机进行数据通信，为在计算机网络和通信设备间的应用提供了极好的物质条件，现在的通信设备基本上都实现了单片机智能控制，从手机，电话机、小型程控交换机、楼宇自动通信呼叫系统、列车无线通信、再到日常工作中随处可见的移动电话，集群移动通信，无线电对讲机等。 5单片机在医用设备领域中的应用 单片机在医用设备中的用途亦相当广泛，例如医用呼吸机，各种分析仪，监护仪，超声诊断设备及病床呼叫系统等等。 此外，单片机在工商，金融，科研、教育，国防航空航天等领域都有着十分广泛的用途。 5 单片机的发展趋势 现在可以说单片机是百花齐放，百家争鸣的时期，世界上各大芯片制造公司都推出了自己的单片机，从8位、16位到32位，数不胜数，应有尽有，有与主流C51系列兼容的，也有不兼容的，但它们各具特色，互成互补，为单片机的应用提供广阔的天地。 纵观单片机的发展过程，可以预示单片机的发展趋势，大致有： 1低功耗CMOS化 MCS-51系列的8031推出时的功耗达630mW，而现在的单片机普遍都在100mW左右，随着对单片机功耗要求越来越低，现在的各个单片机制造商基本都采用了CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体工艺)。象80C51就采用了HMOS(即高密度金属氧化物半导体工艺)和CHMOS(互补高密度金属氧化物半导体工艺)。CMOS虽然功耗较低，但由于其物理特征决定其工作速度不够高，而CHMOS则具备了高速和低功耗的特点，这些特征，更适合于在要求低功耗象电池供电的应用场合。所以这种工艺将是今后一段时期单片机发展的主要途径。 2微型单片化 现在常规的单片机普遍都是将中央处理器(CPU)、随机存取数据存储(RAM)、只读程序存储器(ROM)、并行和串行通信接口，中断系统、定时电路、时钟电路集成在一块单一的芯片上，增强型的单片机集成了如A/D转换器、PMW(脉宽调制电路)、WDT(看门狗)、有些单片机将LCD(液晶)驱动电路都集成在单一的芯片上，这样单片机包含的单元电路就更多，功能就越强大。甚至单片机厂商还可以根据用户的要求量身定做，制造出具有自己特色的单片机芯片。 此外，现在的产品普遍要求体积小、重量轻，这就要求单片机除了功能强和功耗低外，还要求其体积要小。现在的许多单片机都具有多种封装形式，其中SMD(表面封装)越来越受欢迎，使得由单片机构成的系统正朝微型化方向发展3主流与多品种共存 现在虽然单片机的品种繁多，各具特色，但仍以80C51为核心的单片机占主流，兼容其结构和指令系统的有PHILIPS公司的产品，ATMEL公司的产品和中国台湾的Winbond系列单片机。所以C8051为核心的单片机占据了半壁江山。而Microchip公司的PIC精简指令集(RISC)也有着强劲的发展势头，中国台湾的HOLTEK公司近年的单片机产量与日俱增，与其低价质优的优势，占据一定的市场分额。此外还有MOTOROLA公司的产品，日本几大公司的专用单片机。在一定的时期内，这种情形将得以延续，将不存在某个单片机一统天下的垄断局面，走的是依存互补，相辅相成、共同发展的道路。附录BBrief Introduction of Single-Chip Microcomputer TechnicalAbstractThe appearance of Single-Chip Microcomputer is a important milestone on computer technical development history, it has opened up computer technical another field embedded( Embedded) computer field. Now, Single-Chip Microcomputer has become work to control the computer most used extensively in field, military field and daily life. Single-Chip Microcomputer is a important branch of personal computer, its development and application more and more arouse the attention of people. From Single-Chip Microcomputer birth so far, have developed for 100 kinds of last series near 1000 kind. This paper is the detailed introduction for Single-Chip Microcomputer , includes: Single-Chip Microcomputer brief introduction and Single-Chip Microcomputer development are historical, single the 5 aspects such as development tendency and the application of flat machine characteristic as well as Single-Chip Microcomputer .Keywords: Single-Chip Microcomputer ; Apply; Characteristic; Development tendency1 Single-Chip Microcomputer brief introduction Single-Chip Microcomputer is a kind of chip of integrated circuit , adopts super large-scale technology have data handling ability( such as arithmetic manipulation, logic operation and data deliver and suspend handling) tiny processor ( CPU ), radom access data memory ( RAM ), read-only program memory ( ROM ), input export circuit ( the mouth of I/O ) and possibility still include timing counter and serial communication mouth ( SCI ) , show drive circuit ( LCD or LED drive circuit ), the circuits such as pulse wide modulation circuit ( PWM ), simulated multichannel converter and the converter of A/D intergration forms on a chip of single block one minimum the computer system perfected however. These circuits can under the control of software accurate , quick , complete efficiently the task that programming person stipulates in advance.From this, Single-Chip Microcomputer has tiny processor the function that place does not have , it may complete modern industry alone to control the intelligent control function that will be asked for , this is the biggest feature of single flat machine. However, Single-Chip Microcomputer is again different from single board machine, chip before having not developed , it has function merely very strong super large-scale integrated circuit, if giving it specific program, it is a minimum complete control system of personal computer and its and single board machine or personal computer ( personal computer ) have essential difference, the application of Single-Chip Microcomputer belongs to chip level application and needs, user knows the other application technology of integrated circuit and instruction system as well as the structure of Single-Chip Microcomputer chip with system technology and theory that design needs , so make this chip have specific function with such specific chip design application program.Different Single-Chip Microcomputer has different hardware feature and software feature, their technical feature is not the same, hardware feature depends on the internal structure of Single-Chip Microcomputer chip, when use some single flat machine, user must know whether this type product satisfies the function of needs and application system the property index that will be asked for. The technical feature of here includes function property, control property and electrical property etc., these information needs get from the technical handbook of manufacturer business. Software feature denotes instruction systematic property and development to support environment , instruction property the Single-Chip Microcomputer that has familiar us seek address way, data handling and logic handling way, input export property and the requirement for power source etc. The environment developed to sustain include instructing compatible and transplantability, support software ( contain may support development to apply the software resource of program ) and hardware resource. Will develop own application system using certain model single flat chance , grasp its structural feature and technical feature is must.Single-Chip Microcomputer control system, before replacing , uses the control system that complex electronic line or digital circuit forms , may software control realizes , can realize intelligence , current Single-Chip Microcomputer control category is omnipresent, the application field that has machine flat only such as communication product, electric home appliances, intelligent instrument appearance, process control and special control equipment etc. is more and more extensive. Indeed, the application meaning of Single-Chip Microcomputer does not be confined to its application category or the economic benefits that bring from this , more important is it the control method and design thought that has already changed tradition from foundation. It is one revolution of control technology , is a important milestone.2 single slices of machine development general state In 1946, the first computer birth has only the progress of semiconductor technology, dependence microelectronics technology and the time of 50 years so far, from electron tube transistor integrated circuit the circuit of large scale integration, a current chip finishes may intergrate millions completely even go up must transistor, make computer volume less, function is stronger. , in the time of near 20 years, computer technology gets fast development, computer when industry and agriculture, research is educational, national defence and aerospace field have gotten extensive application, computer technology has been the important sign of a national modern level of science and technology.Single-Chip Microcomputer birth in 20 century 70 decade, resemble the F8 single flat personal computer of Fairchid companys R&D. So-called Single-Chip Microcomputer is using the circuit technology of large scale integration handle central government unit ( Center Processing Unit, also CPU that claims frequently ) are with data memory ( RAM ) , program memory ( ROM ) and the other communication mouthes of I/O intergrate on a chip, form a minimum computer system, modern Single-Chip Microcomputer has added suspension unit , the more complex more perfect circuits such as timing unit and the conversion of A/D, make the function 1of Single-Chip Microcomputer more and more powerful, application is more extensive.20 century 70 decade, in microelectronics technology is being in development, stage and integrated circuit belong to , scale develops period, various new material new technologies have not ripened , Single-Chip Microcomputer is still in elementary development, stage and element integrated scale still have less comparison, as function has more simple comparison, CPU and RAM are some on have still included some simple mouthes of I/O to intergrate go to chip, elephant Farichild company belongs to this type , it need to still match other peripheral handlings, circuit forms complete calculation just now system. Similar Single-Chip Microcomputer still has the Z80 tiny processor of Zilog company. In 1976, INTEL company has put out MCS-48 single flat machine, the Single-Chip Microcomputer of this period is just 8 genuine single flat personal computers , and pushes to market. It with volume is little, function is whole, price lows have won extensive application, have established foundation , become the important milestone on Single-Chip Microcomputer development history for the development of single flat machine.In MCS-48 lead , its rear each most conductor company develops and develops own Single-Chip Microcomputer in succession , resembles the Z8 series of Zilog company. Have been beginning of 80 decade, Single-Chip Microcomputer has developed high performance stage, the MCS-51 series Motorola companys 6801 of elephant INTEL company is with 6802 serieses, 6502 serieses of etc. and the 6501 of Rokwell company, besides, HITACHI and famous electrical companys NEC of Japan have developed in succession the Single-Chip Microcomputer special that has own characteristic.80 decade, world is each big the Single-Chip Microcomputer that company develops product kind muti_function winner eagerly, have the tens of series kinds more than three-hundreds approximately, right now Single-Chip Microcomputer belongs to genuine single flat to melt, have intergrated CPU, RAM, ROM and number numerous I/O mostly interface and various suspension system, the Single-Chip Microcomputer and function that even still has some tape converters of A/D are more and more powerful, the capacity of RAM and ROM also more and more big, seek address space may even reach 64kB, in other words, Single-Chip Microcomputer development has gone to a brand-new stage, application field is more extensive, a lot electric home appliances move towards the intelligent development road that uses Single-Chip Microcomputer control.After 1982, 16 single flat machines come out , represent that MCS-96 whose product is INTEL company is series, 16 single flat machines have increased one time compared with 8 machines and data widthes, the ability of real time of handling is stronger, main and frequently higher, integrated degree has reached one hundred and twenty thousands transistors, RAM increases , have gone to 232 bytes, ROM has reached 8kB , and has 8 A/Ds that suspend source and have at the same time deploied multichannel to change passageway , I/O of high speed handles unit , applies to more complex control system.90 decade afterwards, Single-Chip Microcomputer has gotten fast development, world each most conductor company has developed the Single-Chip Microcomputer with more powerful function in succession. American Microchip company has issued a kind of new generation PIC series Single-Chip Microcomputer of complete not compatible MCS-51 , has aroused the extensive solicitude of business circle, its special product has only Sub_clause of 33 to retrench instruction fair , have attracted a lot of users, make people concentrate from the 111 complex instruction of INTEL to walk out of. PIC Single-Chip Microcomputer has gotten fast development, in business circle, possess position.Soon afterwards matter, the personage of familiar Single-Chip Microcomputer is more clear , more single flat machines come in great numbers , MOTOROLA company has issued MC68HC series Single-Chip Microcomputer in succession, some famous companies of Japan has developed the product of stronger performance , but the Single-Chip Microcomputer of Japan is controled normally used in the system special, and not resemble the companies such as INTEL to put in to market form general single flat machine. Such as the uCOM87 series Single-Chip Microcomputer of NEC companys production, its uPC7811 of representative work is a kind of performance pretty excellent single flat machine. MOTOROLA companys MC68HC05 series it waits for with high speed with low price until characteristic has won a lot of users.The Zilog companys Z8 representative work of series of products is Z8671, contain the explanation of BASIC Debug program, facilitate user maximumly. And the half COP800 series Single-Chip Microcomputer of American country adopts advanced Harvard structure. ATMEL company combines single Single-Chip Microcomputer and advanced Flash stocking technology perfectly , has issued the AT89 series Single-Chip Microcomputer of performance considerable excellence. The companies such as the Taiwan HOLTEK and WINBOND that includes China have also joined Single-Chip Microcomputer one after another to develop ranks , rely on their low-priced advantage , share a cup of beautiful soup.1990 American INTEL company has put out 80,960, 32 super single flat machines have aroused the sensation of computer circle, product puts in market in succession, become Single-Chip Microcomputer development history last another important milestone. This duration in, Single-Chip Microcomputer garden, Single-Chip Microcomputer kind extraordinary splendor Fen submit , contend in beauty and fascination. Have 8 , 16 even 32 machines, but 8 single flat machines still the price with it is cheap , kind is complete , application software richens and supports environment ample , the characteristic of developing convenience takes leading position. And INTEL company relies on good foundation and the type of their solid technology and performance excellence , is now still the mainstream product of single flat machine. It is middle of 90 decade only, INTEL company is busy development their personal computer tiny processor, already have no enough energy continued development own wound Dao single Single-Chip Microcomputer , with the companys continued developments such as PHILIPS C51 series single flat machine.3 The characteristic of single slices of machine Because of the configuration of Single-Chip Microcomputer and the semiconductor technology that it adopts , make it have many notable characteristics , have so gotten swift and violent development in every field. Its major characteristic may be sumed up as follows:1)Excellent price performance. The price of the most of unique single flat machines has only some U.S. dollors. 2)Integrated degree is high , has little volume , has very high reliability: Single-Chip Microcomputer intergrates each function on a chip , adopts the structure of bus line inside , has reduced the ability of interference rejection and the reliability between each chip that links line and has raised Single-Chip Microcomputer greatly. Additionally, since volume is little, for winner, the environment of magnetic field is easy to adopt shielded measure, suiting in bad environment to go off work do.3)Control ability is strong: For satisfaction the requirement of industrial control, the logic that general Single-Chip Microcomputer morning instruction system has rich transfer instruction and the mouth of I/O operates as well as position handling function. Traversal speed and the logic control function of Single-Chip Microcomputer are higher than the personal computer with a class. 4)The low voltage of low energy consumption is easy to produce portable product. 5)External bus line has increased the serial ways of bus line such as C and SPI , has reduced volume further , has simplified structure. 6)The system of Single-Chip Microcomputer is expanded , is deploied with system than typical case and standard, form the application system of various scales easily.4 The application field of single slices of machine Single-Chip Microcomputer extensive application may divide into some following categories approximately in the fields such as instrument appearance, electric home appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, the intelligent management of specific equipment and process control: 1)The application of intelligent instrument appearance It is little that single flat facility has volume , power comsumption the advantage that lows , controls function winner , expands flexibility , is mini and uses convenience, extensive application combines the sensor of different type in instrument appearance , may realize the measure such as the physical quantities such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, rate of flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, element and pressure. With Single-Chip Microcomputer control, make instrument appearance digitlize , is intelligent, mini, just function compared with adopt electronic or digital circuit is more powerful. It is for instance accurate to measure equipment( powermeter, oscillograph, various analyzers).2)The application of industrial controlMay form the control systematic, data collection system of form many shapes with single flat machine. Such as the intelligent management of factory automation line, elevator intelligence is controled , various report to the police system, form 2 level control systems with computer network. 3)The application of electric home appliances May so say that current electric home appliances have adopted Single-Chip Microcomputer control basically , since news meal Bao , washer, refrigerator, air-condition, color television and other acoustic video equipments , the equipment of measuring again to electronic balance, it is various, omnipresent.4) in computer network and communication field application Modern Single-Chip Microcomputer has communication interface generally , may carry out data communication very conveniently with computer , is the application between computer network and communication equipment to offer very good material condition, current communication equipment has realized single flat basically quick-witted can control , from mobile telephone, telephone, the small-sized switching equipment of programmed control and building Yu communicate voluntarily to call systematic train wireless communication in , go to daily work again commonly seen mobile telephone, fair crowd mobile communictions and radioes as speaking machine etc.5 )single slices of machine in medical equipment field application Single-Chip Microcomputer is in medical equipment use also match extensive, it is for instance medical that lung ventilator, various analyzers, guardianship instrument, ultrasonic diagnosis equipment and sickbed call systematic etc. Besides, Single-Chip Microcomputer in industrial and commercial, finance, research, education and national defence there are very extensive use in the fields such as aerospace.5 The development tendency of single slices of machine Now in other words, Single-Chip Microcomputer is period that is let a hundred flowers blossom and is let a hundred schools of thought contend , on world it is each big that chip production company has put out own Single-Chip Microcomputer , from 8 , 16 arrive 32, number not wins to count , have everything , have with mainstream C51 series are compatible, also have not compatible, but they have characteristic each , offer wide universe mutual into complementary for the application of single flat machine.Reviewing the development process of single flat machine, may indicate the development tendency of Single-Chip Microcomputer , have approximately: 1) low CMOSs of power comsumption melt The 8031 of MCS-51 series puts out power comsumption reaches 630mW, current Single-Chip Microcomputer is universal around 100mW, as asking more and more low current every single flat mechanism for Single-Chip Microcomputer power comsumption to make business have adopted basically CMOS ( complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology ). Elephant 80C51 has adopted HMOS ( the degree metal oxide semiconductor technology of high density ) , with CHMOS ( the complementary degree metal oxide semiconductor technology of high density ). Though, CMOS has lower power comsumption , but decides because of its physical feature that its working speed is not enough to be the characteristic of high speed and low power comsumption high , CHMOS has had ,
温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
提示  人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
关于本文
本文标题：楼宇智能控制系统设计【开题+实习+翻译】【3张图纸】【优秀】
链接地址：https://www.renrendoc.com/p-423751.html

官方联系方式

网站客服网站客服      侵权投诉侵权投诉
1:下载资料失败解决办法   
2:不支持迅雷下载,请使用浏览器下载   
3:不支持QQ浏览器下载,请用其他浏览器   
4:下载后的文档和图纸-无水印   
5:文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰   
点击下载此资源
关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

网站客服QQ：2881952447     

copyright@ 2020-2025  renrendoc.com 人人文库版权所有   联系电话：400-852-1180

备案号:蜀ICP备2022000484号-2       经营许可证: 川B2-20220663       公网安备川公网安备: 51019002004831号

本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知人人文库网，我们立即给予删除！