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关键词：: 柠条联合收割机切割装置拨禾装置开题实习翻译柠条联合收割机图纸

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柠条联合收割机切割及拨禾装置的设计

32页 14000字数+说明书+外文翻译+开题报告+实习报告+11张CAD图纸【详情如下】

减速大带轮.dwg

减速小带轮.dwg

切割及拨禾装配图.dwg

外文翻译--久保田收割机维修保养.doc

审批表.doc

审核报告.doc

封面.doc

平传动大带轮.dwg

平传动小带轮.dwg

往复式割刀.dwg

报告封面.doc

授权书.doc

摘要.doc

机械专业的实习报告.doc

柠条联合收割机切割及拨禾装置的设计开题报告.doc

柠条联合收割机切割及拨禾装置的设计说明书.doc

汇总表.doc

目录.doc

直齿.dwg

端盖.dwg

装配图.dwg

选题审批表.doc

链轮.dwg

锥齿.dwg

QQ截图20140207145414.gif

减速大带轮.gif

减速小带轮.gif

链轮.gif

柠条联合收割机切割及拨禾装置的设计.gif

平传动大带轮.gif

平传动小带轮.gif

切割及拨禾装配图.gif

全部文件.gif

直齿.gif

锥齿.gif

1 引言1

1.1 课题的提出和意义1

1.2 国内外研究现状1

1.3 本文的研究内容及方法2

2 技术任务书2

3 设计计算说明书3

3.1 传动方案的确定3

3.2 传动皮带轮的设计计算4

3.2.1 减速箱主动轴传出的皮带轮组4

3.2.2 滚筒到减速轴的皮带轮组6

3.2.3 减速轴到压扁输送辊的皮带轮组6

3.2.4 减速器从动轴到拨禾链齿轮箱的带轮组7

3.3 立式收割台设计7

3.3.1 切割器的选择8

3.3.2 往复式切割器的设计9

3.3.3 往复式切割器的构造9

3.3.4 往复式切割器的类型11

3.3.5 往复式切割器的结构标准化13

3.3.6 割刀进距13

3.3.7 影响往复式切割器工作性能的因素13

3.4 柠条联合收割机割刀传动机构的组成14

3.4.1 曲柄摇杆ABC的运动方程14

3.4.2 曲柄摇杆ABC的旋转惯性力问题15

3.4.3 割刀的动力学问题16

3.4.4 三角摆块的动力学方程17

3.4.5 总结17

3.5 拨禾器的设计17

3.5.1 链传动的设计计算18

3.6 立辊式柠条压扁输送装置的设计19

3.7 茎秆切碎装置的设计19

3.8 收集料斗的设计20

4 使用说明书20

5 标注化审核报告（BS）21

5.1 产品图样的审查21

5.2 产品技术文件的审查21

5.3 标注件的使用情况21

5.4 审查结论22

6 结论22

参考文献23

致谢24

柠条联合收割机切割及拨禾装置的设计

摘要柠条是豆科锦鸡儿属的一个种,多年生长灌木植物，柠条抗旱、抗寒、耐瘠薄、耐风沙、具有极强的生命力和抗逆性。鉴于柠条独特的生物特性，多年来它一直是内蒙古西部及山西西北部和陕西、甘肃等防风固沙、防止水土流失的重要选用植物。全国柠条种植面积已达到666.66万hm2 ，仅山西大同市柠条种植面积达到2万hm2 。柠条含有丰富的蛋白质，开花期鲜柠条干物质含粗蛋白14%，粗脂肪3.5%，粗纤维39.3%，无氮浸出物31.3%，粗灰分5.4%。由此可见，柠条还是优良的经济饲料。然而由于种植柠条的地区都是生态状况较差的地区，这类地区实行了严格的禁牧舍饲圈养后，使柠条的经济价值很难体现。为了使柠条的饲用价值得到体现，可以对符合标准的柠条进行平茬作业，再进行后续加工，生产出的产品可以添加到饲料中去。但是柠条难收割这个问题在农用机械制造领域已经成为共识，现有的平茬机械切割效果差，柠条被切割后直接凌乱的散落在地里。这些机械的适应性差，很多地方还是需要人工砍切收割。由于柠条茎秆木质化较高，而且茎秆上多硬刺，人工砍割和收集都非常不容易，收割效率极低而且效果非常差。

为了解决这一难题，使柠条经济价值得到更好的体现，满足广大柠条种植地区的要求，本文设计了一种柠条的联合收割机械。这款联合收割机采用65马力柴油机，首先采用链式拨禾装置把柠条拨入收割台，采用了往复式切割器对柠条进行切割，然后通过加持链条送入立式压扁输送辊系统进行压扁及输送，随后送入立式滚筒切碎系统对柠条进行切碎，切碎的柠条最终掉入滚筒下的集料箱实现茎秆的收集，实现了柠条的联合收割。其中压扁输送辊和滚筒切碎装置采用立式安装，使整体机构变的紧凑，节省了空间，与前面的往复式切割系统能够很好的配合。此柠条联合收割机的设计为柠条的联合收割提出了新的方式，为后续的设计和研究提供了一个较好的方向。

柠条联合收割机的切割和拨禾装置是非常重要的，而且还要处理好前进速度和拨禾速度的关系，柠条是比较硬的一种作物，所以在切割和拨禾过程中是其中的难点，不能像小麦那样的大的拨禾轮，而是采用了链式传动，链条上按放着长齿条，在工作时，不断运动把柠条往割刀方向拨。

其主要特点：1.联合化程度高。

2.对收割后的柠条进行了粗加工，方便后续的加工处理。

关键词柠条联合收割机往复式切割器压扁辊滚筒切碎刀

技术任务书

　　　柠条是一种很难回收的一种作物，现在的状况是能及时平茬，以往平茬完以后，工作人员在回收的时候经常弄伤自己。本设计主要目的是既平茬又收获，在切割完成以后经过简单的碾压，导进切碎装置中，进行切碎，最后掉入收料箱。

　　　因为现如今对柠条的了解还很少，本设计中有部分参数和计算公式需要套用玉米联合收获中的一些。本设计的关键问题是切割与前进的关系，柠条是豆科锦鸡儿属的一个种，很难被切割，若前进过快，容易把柠条弄断，前进过慢，消耗太大。根据经验值我得出了前进速度必须小于切割速度。

3 设计计算说明书

3.1 传动方案的确定

　　　传动方案的设计是本次设计的难点和重点，只有传动方案设计合理，才能保证整体机构的运作，各个环节才能有效配合，高效率、高质量的实现柠条的联合收割。

　　　本次设计的柠条联合收割机传动部分的难点在于各部分所需转速不相同，压扁输送辊对的转向相反，要实现相对运动，拨禾链组也要实现相对运动。

　　　本文所设计的传动方案简图如图2所示：

　　　此柠条联合收割选取65马力柴油发动机，输出转速2400r/min,经过一级减速器减速，传入各个机构。两个压扁输送辊安装在同一平面内，形成一个压扁输送辊对，为了方便表示，把后面的压扁输送辊-2画到了侧面。柴油机输入的转速传入一级减速器后，首先不经过减速，转速通过减速器主动轴直接传出，再通过一组皮带轮和锥齿传入滚筒切碎器；从滚筒切碎器传出的转速通过一组二级皮带轮减速，传入压扁输送辊-1；主动轴传出的转速通过一组直齿轮改变方向，经由一个锥齿轮组和一个二级皮带轮减速传入压扁输送辊-2，这样就实现了压扁输送辊对的相对运动。同理，由减速器从动轴传出的转速经过一系列的齿轮和皮带轮传动，可以实现拨禾链的相对运动，往复式切割器则再通过一组曲柄摇杆机构，实现往复运动。

内容简介：: Long inefficient harvester maintenanceA prevent long inefficient combine threshing not clear,Threshing was unclear, or after threshing crops are still left on a certain number of grain crops, or fails to retain the original threshing, and the corn longer branch, etc. It is among the most common of combine harvesters. How to prevent threshing, the method is as follows:1 and the harvest should keep linear assignment. Can easily otherwise, driving crop harvest threshing clarity is messy effect.2, should maintain threshing tooth thickness of unilateral not less than 2.5 mm. Otherwise, must change surface or update. Threshing tooth crest and inherit the gap should keep on net 3-5mm. Excessive threshing will influence, to adjust.3, often keep cutting grass the keenness of the sword. Cut grass by the side of the sword blade surface should be timely change wear or update. For grain threshing clean and create good conditions.4 the conveyor chamber, threshing and guide the clearance should be within 2mm - 0, too, should be adjusted translocated cannot enter threshing room.5, threshing depth is deep, not often adjust the threshing clarity of circumstances, should maintain proper depth, in order to reduce indoor embroiled in a threshing long stalk.6 and when the throttle should be put in the harvest, make maximum revs turned in every minute of 2000. Otherwise it will affect threshing effect. If found speed should be promptly dropped out, reduce the load inspection.7 and the crop growth, the field should be adopted, reduce speed reduced cut to reduce the load, enhance the threshing performance.Eight, the situation is unfavorable harvest: crops 55cm length less than poor too low, mechanical, crops have large difference, length of maturity, crop crop varieties of wet, difficult threshing.2 the long inefficient safe operations of rice harvesterCombine widely applied in rural areas, with the popularization of long inefficient combined harvesters, strengthen the safety production to prevent accidents, agricultural machinery safety supervision has become an important content of the work. JiShou is an important guarantee of economic benefit, therefore, must pay attention to the safety operation, the method is as follows:1, have qualified operation skills. Operators must attend technical training, familiar with and understand the performance, structure, the machines use, maintenance and operation mastering skills. Qualified through examination before operation.2, to observe the safety regulations. The safety instructions carefully study buyers on homework instructions and combine all sorts of safety warning labels.3 and safety clothing. Wear comfortable clothes, prohibit wearing headscarves, scarves, safe operations against the slippers etc.4 and security. Abide by traffic rules. Ban on others, pack accessory, avoid teasers, through the dam, could be JiGengLu culvert and etc, and can withstand prior to confirm unit weight, not pushy.5, safety and loading trucks. The ground must be flat hard, loading and unloading board must have enough strength, width, length and antiskid device and hook. Two parallel plates should be no difference, low slow. Midway cannot turn, speed and braking lest overturned, if need to be modified direction return to sender.6 and safety operation. Harvest Operators should be energetic, lack of sleep, drunk or illness of unfavorable operation. In the homework before pack good safety cover, shields, and try running shell, confirm the working parts may be put into operation. The machine before must honk or other methods to meet food and signaled that it is safe to those around. In the work, listen to observe, once produce abnormal shall immediately stopped running, promptly components.7 and safety inspection and maintenance. Harvesters in machine cleaning machine, check and adjustment should be shut out fault, when the shift lever, and for the engine should be separate each clutch. In the harvest, when should be raised overhaul safety devices will be locked or cut machine with reliable supporting things fixed, prevent the harvest of decline.8 and prevent fires. Should be on fire, fuel and oil spill to timely rub-up. Engine exhaust and battery, not allow heads up around the machine can park in the stalk of place. And no smoking.9 and prevent burns. The engine running or just stop immediately when cannot open cooling box, prevent water jet scald, subject to open after cooling.10 and safety parked. Harvesters will reap should be parked down to the ground of the lowest positions, or shut, take out the key step, engine braking under fixed, the pavement in tyre shall be put on the track or before anti-skid pad.3 the long inefficient to prevent cut sets jams rice harvester,Cutting machine is blocked in the operation of the combined harvester ommon fault, it tends to affect the normal operation of the harvester. Serious when cut machine cant work. Therefore must pay attention to the prevention work cut machine, clogging the method is as follows:1, harvest crops cannot be dry, wet, and dew. Crops in height, otherwise easily 55mm crop uprooted, clogging the chain, but also stem not threshing. Lodging should comply with the Angle of cut in 85 degrees below 70 degrees in reverse, cut the following requirements. Harvest the crops to make excessive lodging cutting machine jam. At harvest time, reduce should reduce cutting speed, watch, found that jam. Timely parking2, the harvest should as far as possible to stay straight road. To make points bending because of grain harvest stem the grass points over the crops, and deformation when conveying grain crops is messy, clogging.3 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. Such high crop harvest shall be taken, reduce speed reduced cut, avoid excessive loads caused jams. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is restored to the correct width, prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.4 should keep a sharp, sticking. Every day after harvest should remove dirt, weeds, check and adjustment, promptly replace worn sticking. Keep moving knife knife and set the gap in 0 0.5 mm.5, help to maintain good grain chain tensioner degrees. And grain, grain and stent shall promptly replace after wearing claw back to ensure crops not messy.6 and often keep claw chain belt, bluegrass, shoot, the chain chain, depth in such a state, too loose when should adjust, excessive wear should be replaced.7 and cutting machine jams cannot use accelerated forced through. So easily make driving components are damaged. The correct approach is rapid, using artificial clear the blockage of crops.4 the long chain transmission inefficient rice harvester maintenanceChain transmission is indispensable to combine the transmission mechanism. Its work or harvesters will directly affect the normal work of the components and performance, and therefore should be done in use, maintenance and repair the method is as follows:1 in shaft, wheel should be no skewed and swinging. In the same transmission components in the face of two sprockets should be located in the same plane and sprocket center distance 0.5 meters in the allowable deviation, 1 mm, Sprocket 0.5 meters above centre distance in the allowable deviation, 2 mm. But does not allow to have the friction sprocket teeth profile phenomenon, if two rounds of migration to produce large chain and accelerate wear off. In the replacement of sprocket, we must pay special attention to check and adjustment offset.2, the chain of firmness should fit, too tight increase power consumption, bearing wear, Too loose easily beat and chain chain. Chain of chain for: from central filed or press, two sprockets centre distance is about 2-3cm.3, a new chain or long after the use to adjust, can elongation, to look for the chain, but must be even. The chain should lock plate, back through the chain is inserted in the outside, lock piece at the turn of the mouth should be in the opposite direction.4 and sprocket badly worn, should also change new sprocket and new chain, in order to ensure good engagement. Not only change the new chain or new single chain. Otherwise it will cause a new chain or improperly meshed accelerate new sprocket and wear. Sprocket tooth surfaces wear to a certain degree in turn use (used to face adjustable sprocket). In order to prolong the using time.5, old and new chain chain can use, otherwise easy mixed in transmission chain, tensile impact.6, chain in work should promptly fill lube. Oil must enter roller and set in the fitting clearance, improve the working conditions and reduce wear.7 and when the machine, long-term storage chain should be removed using kerosene or diesel clean, then coated with oil or butter in a dry place, to prevent corrosion.5 the long inefficient rice harvester inter-district assignments need attentionAs a long inefficient (KUBOTA) combine professional harvest, 28% of homework is quite important. To smoothly inter-district harvest, please users must be attached to the following aspects of work.1 the preparation before operation, and develops(1) inter-district assignment information collection. Users can according to relevant state departments of information throughout the wheat and rice harvest and local agricultural information management, also may follow contact with customers, because the harvest of the local conditions are familiar with the user.(2) business contacts. On-the-spot investigation in the field conditions, crop growth and high price, etc.(3) inter-district homework route. According to the time sequence of all crops, choose as far as possible, set harvest security conditions are good, traffic is convenient.(4) machine. In order to avoid failure inter-district assignments must be done before operation expenses in inter-district before repair, comsumption products, oil etc. Such as engine oil, inferior oil market, many in the local time before to 28% of purchase. Hara& Co. inefficient(5) and vendors. Homework, route will inter-district inform vendors, carry on with the certificate (the combine harvester drivers license and id card of 28%, etc.).(6). Try to purchase related (machine, personnel) insurance.2 and develops in the homework problems that should be paid attention to(1) harvest in the operation, to avoid attention combining exertion caused by accidents due to overwork.(2) strengthen the maintenance and inspection machine, the machine always in good working condition.(3) to strengthen the supervision of machine, storage, especially to avoid machine weathered and guard against theft, prevent damage.3 and the handling problemsSuch as: (1) in the inter-district assignments harvesters malfunction, please come and maintenance service, will contact details (including harvesters fault fault components, harvest field around), damaged parts, and quantity (shows a part of components in place, serial number part), the specific location and harvesters telephone users such report maintenance personnel.(2) if you want to buy parts, can contact with long inefficient local hara& Co., company address (spare parts purchase, etc.) should be near. If you cannot buy accessories, direct contact with the seller, to discuss the required parts orders and shipping method, in the shortest possible time after receiving accessories, maintenance, continue to work.6 the maintenance long inefficient rice harvester of unidirectional clutch,The function is a one-way clutch combine harvester in advance when the power of the engine reliably transfer to combine harvester, fall off quickly, in order to realize the need of combine harvesters. In use due to improper operation, easy cause one-way clutch early wear, harvesting machine doesnt work well. Therefore, must grasp the correct use of method.1 and the drive belt should reap department regularly or adjustment, the length of a spring in 102mm, cannot too loose or too tight. Or should adjust the length of the spring.2 and combine in operation should be done in the stable power, speed, smooth junction stable steering, must not stop, accelerated, steep, hurry to, in order to reduce the shock load one-way clutch.3 and in harvest in the homework assignments to observe the harvest, cutting machine, jams that immediately after stopping harvesting clutch, separated by artificial clear all the progress of begin again after operation. Do not remove or not in blocking incomplete remove junction, clutch, so easily to harvest early damage of unidirectional clutch.4 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. When high-yielding crop harvest if should be taken to cut, reduce speed reducing excess load in order to reduce the one-way clutch. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is returned to the correct width, in order to prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.5 and the harvest of lodging crops can not force (85 degrees below for the cut and thrust to 70 degrees Celsius) cut. Lodging crops are messy, should be adopted in the harvest threshing depth, using automatic control, find out timely downtime clogging.6 and one-way clutch after damage replace. In the first should check whether the axis wear is a one-way away when the diameter of the axis wear to 18.771 mm, must change the new axis, otherwise the new one-way clutch after loaded still cannot play a role.Wheel organization function is supporting the full weight of combine harvesters, driving and harvest, it is the important system combines walking working parts. If not for the correct use and operation, maintenance, easily wheel organization early wear. Therefore must pay attention to early wear prevention. The method is as follows:1, to strengthen the wheel organization daily maintenance. Do homework after stent to load, timely, lifting, tensioner arm sticky roller and mud product, clean weed.2 and constant observation wheel load, wheel, lifting, tensioner wheel rotation condition videotapes. Find abnormal or wheel rotation, should not carefully, change bad parts, hidden faults.3, check the quantity, truck wheels lubricant should be added to the shortage of oil. Provisions Find duo-cone floating oil, should change in time to maintain good sealing.4, truck wheels, stents, lifting, tensioner wheel rim thickness should have worn thin change in time, otherwise caused by insufficient strength variant rupture, scrape.5 and driving wheel wear a tooth thickness 5mm amounted to face when using, adjustable to prolong the using life. When both tooth thickness should be promptly replace worn, otherwise it will cause sprocket and track core iron meshing impact when increases, abnormal wear iron core, serious when still can hook iron core.6 500 hours, each work regularly to walk round institutions should be thoroughly checked, repair, to achieve good technical conditions.7 and combine in road, should avoid bad roads in the road. When the crawler bottom to have cleared eyewinker. Ensure the wheel in good working environment, improve its service life.Long inefficient combine the good crop harvest lodging with benign. Under normal circumstances can harvest the crops for lodging 85 degrees below, cut cut in inverse 70s. At harvest time must pay attention to grasp the operation method under:1, should use a sharp knife sticking the sword, and the gap shall be in 0 0.5 mm.2 stacks, claws should be adjusted to height can lift crop panicle position (namely the position on a standard). To straighten up, reduce crop messy.3 stacks, and shall be transferred to high speed, and to increase the help shift position for lodging, grain number of grain crop rotary.4, harvest of transmission belt, shoot the chain chain, ear grain, should according to regulations chain tensioner, cutting machine is too loose in the harvest clogging.5, conveying chain tightly guide if wear, should adjust guide and chain of zero clearance, crop is involved, or within the cylinder threshing.6 and the cleanness of threshing regulating handle should be put on open position, to minimize threshing room load.7 and the cutting grass threshing indoor dao should be promptly replace, sharp. In order to ensure the clarity, reduce crop threshing damage grain.8 and cut in assignments platform height should keep in grain from the ground height is about 20mm. High grain can help claws, cannot fulfill the harvest. Low is easy to root crops, accelerate uprooted sticking.9 and cut width should with slightly less than normal cut width for good (usually right portion of the grain open about 200 250m m). To alleviate the harvest of load.10 and should adopt the automatic control of threshing depth, unfavorable adjustment. To minimize threshing room load.11 and the harvest of straight road, dont be keep swinging. Slow speed is not reap, jam in case.In December, when the harvest to observe operation condition, should take the first right ahead and grain threshing depth, device runs into the entrance of threshing chain and watching the sequence of operations. According to the circumstance timely adjust speed, cut width harvest threshing machine, cutting height, etc, in order to maintain good depth of operation condition.13, is not in conformity with the harvest of crops, otherwise not forced to wear, and early machine crop waste is serious.7 the combine harvester threshing rice for the inefficient maintenance1, threshing room can overload in the harvest, when high-yielding crop and speed of cutting should reduce and control the work load of the rated load operation, to prevent excessive threshing chamber of the causes.2, the harvest threshing due to lodging crops into the room to increase many weeds in the chamber pressure and threshing threshing adopts the automatic control, depth to reduce indoor excessive threshing straw into.3, correctly use the regulating handle gib threshing. When lodging at harvest crops, the regulating handle on the open position, make indoor crop threshing, reduce indoor quickly. In the threshing, grain on the small branches shall handle is placed in position, extend the time on threshing indoor crops, increase grain clarity. Usually handle position should be put in standard.4 and keep cutting grass blades, check the knife cut grass threshing indoor wear and abrasion can make crops or not cut off, retention time long, threshing ungodliness, threshing chamber pressure increases, cut grass dao in reversing or update after wear.5, conveying chain tightly compressed guide, if be the clearance of crops to easily, cause stress in threshing room greaten, must always keep checking and adjusting, chain and guide the gap with zero.Six, in use as threshing shall, when close room blocked out, after the progress of the engine can work, or forced work to cause damage to the threshing room components.8 the long inefficient rice harvester crawler maintenance instructionsRubber pedrail are self-contained combine the important parts in the mechanism, and the price is expensive. Rubber pedrail life depends in large part on work environment and method of use. Must attach importance to the early wear rubber pedrail prevention. The method is as follows:(a), pay attention to the work environment1, rubber pedrail, diesel engine should be avoided and various oil, grease, etc. Also should avoid with acid, alkali, salt, pesticide, and other chemicals. In this case. Clean,2, rubber pedrail should avoid the rocks, in sharp steel etc uneven road. When necessary, can be laid wood or other flat object.3, rubber pedrail should avoid in gravel and gravel road surface are long. This is caused extremely easily rubber surface early wear, if the driving distance, should use loaded vehicles.(2), master correct usage1, rubber pedrail use should be timely maintenance after cleaning. If after harvest in paddy field, homework every day to prevent rubber pedrail cleaning the accelerated corrosion and abrasion.2 and walk in the process of reducing.there should as far as possible. .there is caused extremely easily off track, wheel damage produced or guide wheel impact caused by core iron core iron.3, often check driving wheel, and guide roller wear. Driving wheel wear after severe driving gear meshing with iron core, when the larger gap increasing impact, serious when core iron hook. Wear serious drive wheels, guide wheel, roller etc should be promptly replace.4, not in what tilt walking on, Walk across the bridge, Step walk; edge friction Forced climb step walk etc. These abnormal driving will cause damage, the core patterns crawler iron break, crawler edge cut, steel cord was not the normal damage.(3), pay attention to the rubber pedrail degree of adjustmentRubber pedrail must always maintain normal degree. Not too loose or too tight. Tensioner force is too loose, caterpillar derailment wheel gear wheel ride, load. Zhang is too tight tight force of tension, caterpillar to track the elongation, changes in the localities, produce high surface, causing the core iron and driving wheel wear acceleration. Use often should check and adjustment. When should adjust the hard ground in flat on the ground) (cement. Use driven up frame, loosen nut, caterpillar zhang will load the gap between roller and tracked to regulations, then tighten lock nut clearance.9 the long period of idle harvesters inefficient rice maintenanceAfter the operation, combine into a store of leisure time in winter. In order to make the combined harvesters in good technical status often, for next years harvest homework to prepare. Must be carefully to combine harvester of fine seed maintenance, the maintenance. The requirements are as follows:(a), cleaning1 and after harvest with a comprehensive cleaning machine, rinse with water stick in the mud and all machines, clean water to prevent electric parts, cleaning after lt with dry cloth to wipe.2 and thoroughly clean harvest threshing, stem department, the department of residue discharged in grain, vegetable faults. When cleaning or portable power available compressor fan blowing off, usable also artificially. Do not leave any grain, vegetable faults, otherwise easily broken wire from mouse bit, electric appliances.3 and in turn the axle will be wrapped around the weeds, with the mud and cleaned. In order to reduce the resistance during operation.4 for cooling water tank, cleaning, through the steamed into the space between the radiator cooling, ventilation, to ensure the effectiveness.(2), leisure park period1 and after cleaning, cleaning machine, should according to how much time on the corresponding maintenance and repair, replacement of need and regularly check the parts according to regulations. To check the wear parts and found fault to timely repair, do not make machines in spite of long-term park.2 the paint, machine parts should be painted. The friction, rotating parts to refill oil or butter, in order to prevent rusting.3, chain should be removed using kerosene or diesel engine clean, besmear butter or attached labels on dry prevent rust.4 and relax drive belt or removed after the clean soap, attached the label in a cool and dry place to prevent deformation and corrosion.5, should be cleaned, sticking to prevent rusting deposited oil paint.6 and relax, should combine harvester crawler board should be fitted under various operating handles to corrosion, from and should be in stop, remove key switch to keep.7, in order to prevent the DongLie winter, radiator cooling should join antifreeze. Without antifreeze should put all the water, should put all the diesel fuel.Eight, the battery should be taken under the hull, electrolyte added plus specified amount, then sufficient electricity, stored in a dry place, bask in every 2 months shall charge once, such as batteries in body, must be removed anode cables.9 and machine parked place should be clean, dry, can prevent the rain, moistureproof, security, fire. And alarm and extinguishing appliances.久保田收割机维修保养一防止久保田联合收割机脱粒不清脱粒不清是作物脱粒后，桔杆上仍留有一定数量的谷粒，或作物仍保留原状未脱粒，以及谷粒上留有较长的枝梗等现象。它是联合收割机作业中最常见的故障。怎样预防脱粒不清，其方法如下：1、收割时应保持直线作业。不能弯曲行驶收割，否则易使作物凌乱不齐影响脱粒净度。2、应保持脱粒齿单侧的厚度不小于2.5mm。否则需换面或更新。脱粒齿顶与承受网的间隙应保持在35mm。过大时会影响脱粒效果，需及时调整。3、经常保持切草刀的锋利。切草刀下侧的刀刃被磨损时应及时换面或更新。为谷物脱粒干净创造良好的条件。4、脱粒室输送链条与导轨的间隙应在02mm内，过大时需及时调整，使秸杆不能进入脱粒室。5、脱粒深浅不能经常调节过深，在不影响脱粒净度的情况下，应保持适当的深度，以减少脱粒室内卷入大量较长的秸杆。6、在收割时油门应放在最大位置，使发动机转速保持在每分钟2000转以上。否则会影响脱粒效果。如发现转速下降应及时检查排除，减少负荷。7、对作物产量高，生长密的田块宜采用减少割幅，降低车速以减轻负荷，增强脱粒性能。8、对下列情况不宜收割：作物长度小于55cm，田块高低差过大，作物长短相差较大，作物尚未成熟，作物过湿，难脱粒品种。二久保田水稻收割机安全作业联合收割机在农村得到广泛应用，随着久保田联合收割机的普及，加强安全生产预防事故发生，已成为农机安全监理工作的一项重要内容。也是提高机手经济效益的重要保障，因此必须注意安全作业，其方法如下：1、具有合格的操作技能。操作人员须参加技术培训，熟悉和了解机器的性能、构造，掌握使用、保养、作业等技能。经考核合格后方可操作。2、遵守安全规章。认真学习购机说明书中的安全作业须知和联合收割机上的各种安全警告标签。3、安全着装。禁止穿宽松衣服，扎头巾、围巾，穿拖鞋等不利于安全作业的着装。4、安全转移。遵守道路交通规则。禁止搭乘他人，收起辅助部件，避免急转弯，在通过堤坝、便桥、涵洞、机耕路等应事先确认能否通行和承受机组重量，切勿冒进。5、安全上下装卸卡车。地面要平硬，装卸板须有足够的强度、宽度、长度且有防滑装置和挂钩。两板应平行，没有高差，低速慢行。中途不能转向、变速、刹车以免翻车，若需修正方向应退回原处调整。6、安全收割作业。操作人员应精力充沛，睡眠不足、酒后、生病等不宜操作。在作业前装好安全盖板、防护罩壳，并进行试运转，确认各工作部件运转正常方可投入作业。机器在开动前须鸣喇叭或用其他方法向接粮人员和周围人员示意确认安全才能工作。在作业中注意观察、倾听，一旦发生异常应立即停止各部件运转，及时进行排除。7、安全检查、维修。收割机在进行机内清扫，机器检查、调整、排除故障时应关停发动机，变速杆为空档，各离合器应分离。收割部在抬高检修时，应将安全装置锁定或将割台用可靠的支承物固定，防止收割部下降。8 、防止火灾。机上应备有灭火器，燃油、机油溢出时要及时擦净。发动机排气管和蓄电池周围不允许草屑堆积，机器不能停放在秸杆堆积的地方。并禁止吸烟。9、防止烫伤。发动机在运转中或刚停机时绝对不能立即打开散热箱盖，以防沸水喷出烫伤，须经冷却后才可打开。10、安全停放。收割机停放时应将收割部下降至地面或最低位置，关停发动机，取出钥匙，踏下固定刹车，在倾斜路面上应在轮胎或履带前后放上防滑垫块。三久保田水稻收割机防止割台堵塞割台堵塞是联合收割机在作业中的常见故障，它往往影响收割机的正常作业。严重时割台无法工作。因此必须注意做好割台堵塞的预防工作，其方法如下：1、收割的作物应干燥，不能过湿、露水较多。作物高度需在55mm以上，否则容易使作物连根拔起，堵塞茎端链条，而且也不易脱粒。倒伏角应符合顺割在85度以下，逆割在70度以下的要求。收割过度倒伏的作物易使割台堵塞。在收割时应减少割幅，降低车速，注意观察，发现堵塞及时停车清除。2、收割时应尽可能保持直线行驶。因弯曲作业易使分禾器的分草杆把待收割的作物压倒变形，造成扶禾器输送时作物凌乱，发生堵塞。3、合理控制收割作物的喂入量。如收割作物产量过高时应采取减少割幅、降低车速，避免负荷过大而造成堵塞。分禾器碰撞变形后应及时恢复到正确的宽度，防止宽度过大造成喂入量增加而引起堵塞。4、割刀应保持锋利。每天收割结束后应清除泥土、杂草，检查、调整，及时更换磨损的割刀。保持定刀与动刀的间隙在00.5mm。5、扶禾链需保持良好的张紧度。扶禾支架盖、扶禾爪磨损后应及时更换以保证作物搬送不凌乱。6、经常保持爪形皮带，扶禾链、茎端链、穗端链、深浅等处在良好的张紧状态，过松时应及时调整、磨损过大应更换。7、割台堵塞时不能采用加大油门强行通过。这样极易使传动构件损坏。正确做法是迅速停机，用人工清除被堵塞的作物。四久保田水稻收割机传送链条的保养链条传动是联合收割机中不可缺少的传动机构。它的工作好坏将直接影响到收割机各部件的正常工作和性能发挥，因此在使用中应做好维护与保养，其方法如下:1、链轮装在轴上应没有歪斜和摆动。在同一传动组件中两个链轮的端面应位于同一平面内，链轮中心距在0.5米以下时，允许偏差毫米；链轮中心距在0.5米以上的时，允许偏差2毫米。但不允许有摩擦链轮齿侧面现象，如果两轮偏移过大容易产生脱链和加速磨损。在更换链轮时必须注意检查和调整偏移量。2、链条的松紧度应适宜，太紧增加功率消耗，轴承易磨损；太松链条易跳动和脱链。链条的松紧程度为：从链条的中部提起或压下，两链轮中心距约为23cm。3、新链条过长或经使用后伸长，难以调整，可看情况拆去链节，但必须为偶数。链节应从链条背面穿过，锁片插在外面，锁紧片的开口应朝转动的相反方向。4、链轮磨损严重后，应同时更换新链轮和新链条，以保证良好的啮合。不能只单独更换新链条或新链轮。否则会造成啮合不好加速新链条或新链轮的磨损。链轮齿面磨损到一定程度后应及时翻面使用（指可调面使用的链轮）。以延长使用时间。5、旧链条上不能与部分新链条混合使用，否则容易在传动中产生冲击，拉断链条。6、链条在工作中应及时加注润滑油。润滑油必须进入滚子和内套的配合间隙，以改善工作条件，减少磨损。7、机器长期存放时，链条应拆下用煤油或柴油清洗干净，然后涂上机油或黄油存放在干燥处，以防锈蚀。五久保田水稻收割机跨区作业需要注意事项作为一个拥有久保田(KUBOTA)联合收割机的专业收割户，跨区作业是相当重要的。为了能够顺利的进行跨区收割，请用户务必做好以下几方面的工作。1、跨区作业前的准备(1)跨区作业信息的收集。用户可以根据国家有关部门编发的全国小麦、水稻收割信息与当地农业管理部门取得联系，也可以跟随老用户一同进行收割作业，因为老用户对当地情况比较熟悉。(2)业务联系。实地考察田块条件、作物生长高度和收割价格等。(3)跨区作业路线。依据各地作物成熟时间先后顺序，设定收割路线，尽量选择治安条件较好、交通便利的地区。(4)机器准备。为了在跨区作业中尽量避免故障，一定要在跨区作业前做好农忙前检修，及时补充易耗品、油料等。如发动机机油，市场上的劣质油很多，故应在跨区作业前到当地久保田代理店购买。(5)与销售商联系。将跨区作业时间、路线告知销售商，携带好与收割机有关的证件(跨区作业证、驾驶证、身份证等)。(6)其他。尽量购买相关(机器、人员)保险。2、跨区作业中应注意的问题(1)收割作业中注意劳逸结合，避免因过度劳累而引起事故。(2)加强机器的保养与检查，使机器始终处于良好的工作状态。(3)加强对机器的看护、存放，尤其是要避免机器日晒雨淋和防盗、防破坏。3、发生问题后的处理方式(1)如收割机在跨区作业中发生故障，请就近与维修服务点联系，将收割机故障详细情况(包含故障周围部件情况、收割田块情况)、损坏部件件号及数量(说明部件在零件图册上的位置、序号)、收割机所在的具体地点和用户联系电话等报告维修人员。(2)如果要购买零部件，可以与久保田当地代理店联系(零部件有无、公司地址等)，应就近购买。如果当地无法买到配件，可直接同销售商联络，商讨所需配件的订货及运送方式，以求在最短时间内接到配件，维修后继续工作。六维护久保田水稻收割机单向离合器单向离合器的功能是收割机在前进作业时将发动机的动力可靠地传递到收割机，后退时迅速地切断动力，以实现联合收割机作业的需要。在使用中由于操作不当，极易造成单向离合器早期磨损，使收割台不能正常工作。为此必须掌握正确的使用方法。1、收割部的驱动皮带应定期进行检查或调整，使张紧弹簧的长度保持在102mm左右，不能过松过紧。否则应及时调整弹簧的长度。2、联合收割机在作业中应做到平稳接合动力，平稳变速，平稳转向，切不可急停，急进、急变过、急转向、以减少单向离合器的冲击负荷。3、在收割作业中注意观察收割台的作业情况，发现割台堵塞时，应立即分离收割离合器，停机后用人工清除全部堵塞物后再开始作业。切不可在堵塞物未清除或清除不完全时，接合收割离合器，这样极易造成单向离合器的早期损坏。4、合理控制收割作物的喂入量。如收割高产作物时应采取减少割幅，降低车速以减少单向离合器过量负荷。分禾器碰撞变形后应及时恢复到正确的宽度，以防止宽度过大造成喂入量增加而引起堵塞。5、对不易收割的倒伏作物不能强行作业（顺割为85度以下，逆割为70度以下）。倒伏作物一般较为凌乱，在收割时应采用低速，脱粒深浅采用自动控制，发现堵塞及时停机排除。6、单向离合器损坏后的更换。在更换时首先应检查单向离器轴是否磨损，当轴的直径磨损到18.771mm以下时，必须更换新轴，否则新的单向离合器装入后仍不能发挥作用。行走轮机构的功能是支承联合收割机的全部重量，保证收割机行驶和收割作业，它是联合收割机行走系统中的重要工作部件。如不能进行正确的使用、操作、保养，极易造成行走轮机构的早期磨损。因此必须重

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