高考英语二轮 语法学案（10）（动词不定式训练题）（配答案或解析）.doc

2013高考英语：（10）二轮语法学案（动词不定式）（训练题配答案或解析） 动词不定式 不定式的完成式强调动作或状态发生在谓语动词之前。一般式表示动作或状态发生在谓语动词之后、与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生或存在。进行式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生。完成进行式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，而且仍在继续；当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，用不定式的被动式。1be considered/thought/believed/supposed后多跟不定式的完成式、完成被动式(to have been)或to be形式。 eg： her father is believed to have been a sailor她的爸爸被认为是一名水手。 she is considered to be the best student in our class她被认为是我们班最好的学生。 her grandfather is thought to have been wounded during world war她的祖父被认为在第二次世界大战中受过伤。2下列结构中动词后出现不定式的多种形式： (1)在seem/appear/pretend后。 eg： my brother seems to be thinking about something我的哥哥像是在考虑什么事。 she seems to have known it她好像已经知道了。 she seems to have been struggling in the water for a long time她好像已经在水里挣扎了很久。 (2)在be said/reported/known后。 eg： he is said to be very kind据说他很善良。 she is said to have gone abroad据说她出国了。 he is said to have been praised at the meeting据说他在会上受到表扬。 he seen to have been writing for i/lore than three hours他似乎已经写了3个多小时。考题 (典型例题)do let your mother know all the truth. she appears everything. a. to tell b. to be told c. to be telling d. to have been told 考题点拨。答案为d。根据题意：。她似乎已知道事情的真相了”，且tell的动作发生在appear之前，且she与tell之间存在动宾关系，故选d。. 单项填空1. please dont make such loud noise. the news of the volcanic eruption in indonesia _ and i want to listen. a. is broadcastb. is being broadcastc. has been broadcastd. had been broadcast2. may i remind you that mary is waiting outside, sir? oh, thats right. i _ about it. a. forgetb. forgot c. had forgottend. have forgotten3. are you glad that you came to shandong? yes, indeed. i _ going to beijing or shanghai, but ive never regretted my decision. a. have consideredb. am consideringb. c. had consideredd. was considering4. 2011济南模拟i dont drink now, but i _ for almost ten years. a. ever drankb. was ever drinkingc. have ever drunkd. had ever drunk5. the local people said that factory, known for its medicine, _ the environment by pouring waste into a river in the past years. a. pollutedb. pollutes c. has pollutedd. had been polluting6. 2011北京模拟although it _ in the desert most of the year, people still live there. a. doesnt rainb. didnt rainc. hasnt rainedd. hadnt rained7. by the end of last week 611 people from 49 countries _ to attend the meeting, with nearly half coming from the united states, germany and britain. a. had registeredb. have registeredc. registeredd. were registered8. your new product _ better if it is advertised on tv. a. sellsb. soldc. will selld. would sell9. we _ the bridge for over two years and it will be half a year before its completed. a. are buildingb. have builtc. have been builtd. have been building10. a great many means _ to fight the forest fire in russia even russian prime minister putin took part in the fight personally. a. have been triedb. has been triedc. has triedd. have tried11. a big fire _ last night, who should _ for it? a. took place; be to blameb. was broken out; be to blamec. happened; be to be blamedd. broke out; be to blame12. they intend to go on with the experiment until 10 oclock tomorrow morning, and by then they _ for 22 hours. a. are workingb. have been workingc. will be workingd. will have been working13. anything i can do for you, john? yes, my girlfriend is turning her back to me again. you _ your temper. a. have always lostb. are always losingc. always lostd. were always lost14. we moved to shanghai in 2000, and since then we _ in this house. a. will liveb. had livedc. have been livingd. are living 15. their mother _ dinner when a quarrel _ among the children. a. was preparing; was broken outb. prepared; had been broken outc. was preparing; broke outd. prepared; broke out16. as soon as i got on the bus i realized that i _ my papers in the house. a. leftb. was leavingc. had leftd. have left17. look! there is a crowd of people over there. go and see what _ and if it is a bargain, buy it. a. has been sellingb. has been soldc. is sellingd. is being sold 18. did you tell mother that youve passed the examination? oh, no. i forgot. i _ her at once. a. will be callingb. callc. will calld. am to call19. im glad you _. i was beginning to get worried about you. a. have returnedb. returnc. would returnd. will return20. isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? yes, thats why i _ to work by subway. a. have goneb. was goingc. have been goingd. will have gone. 阅读理解(a)a huge shire horse (夏尔马) in australia has been declared the biggest horse in the world by its owner, beating the current guinness world record by several inches. the giant five-year-old, from pakenham, s. e australia, measures an amazing 20. 1 hands, or 2. 057m tall. he weighs over 1. 3 tons (1, 300kg) about the same as a small car and is still growing. his owner, horse trainer jane greenman, 47, says the only time the horse runs is when there is food on offer. “he eats an incredible amount. i would hate to run a team of eight horses his sizeit would send you broke (破产的), ” she says. the massive horse, whose name is noddy, was born in australia with parents imported from england. noddys grandfather, ladbrooke edward (uk) was the worlds tallest horse during the 1980s. but jane had no idea that the horse she raised from the age of six months would grow this big. noddy immediately began to rocket and soon overtook (超过) both his parents in size. although she says that she is not interested in the guinness book of records, jane has carried out her own research and is sure that noddy comes top. “the nearest is a horse in texas, at 20 hands, ” says jane. “noddy is already an inch taller than that. the scary thing is he still hasnt finishedshire horses arent fully grown until theyre about six or seven”. jane has said that noddy could be sold overseas, possibly even fetching a record price to match his height. she is unwilling to sell, but to cover the high cost of keeping him, she needs to put him to work. “he needs a job. its very hard to find jobs for such a big horse in australia. i wish he could stay here but ive tried everywhere, ” she says regretfully. “i just want people to enjoy this beautiful animal as much as i do. ”21. the underlined “rocket” in paragraph 4 probably means _. a. walk aroundb. eat a lotc. grow fastd. look strong22. which of the following is a big problem for the horses owner? a. she doesnt know how to apply for the guinness world record. b. she has to support eight big horses at the same time. c. another horse in texas is growing even faster than hers. d. there is not enough money to cover the cost of raising her horse. 23. it can be inferred from the passage that _. a. noddy must be as powerful as a small carb. noddys growth can be genetically explainedc. many people are willing to buy noddyd. no job will be available for noddy at all24. what would be the best title for this passage? a. new world record for the biggest horseb. jane greenman becomes famous for her horsec. large size means no job for a big horsed. shire horses tend to grow bigger than others(b)which animal has the fastest snapping jaw (突然合住的颚)? if youre guessing a shark or perhaps a larger animal, youll have to think smaller. the trap-jaw ant, which lives in central and south america, moves its mouth parts at 35 to 63 meters per second. another way to think about this is that the ants jaws close at 125 to 233 kilometers per hour. thats 2, 300 times faster than the blink of an eye. scientists were able to measure the amazing jaw speed using high-speed video techniques. sheila patek, a biologist, says the key is that the jaws have a springy (有弹性的) system, which is critical in getting explosive (爆发性的) speeds.consider a bow and arrow. if you try to throw an arrow with your arm, it wont go very far. if you use a bow, elastic (弹性的) energy stored in the bow is freed almost immediately when you let go of the arrow with your finger. thats exactly what really fast organisms are doing. maybe even more amazing than how fast these ants grab food or even enemies is how they use this same energy to move. as the ant closes its jaws, it uses them to push off the ground all faster than the eye can see without slow motion video. a snap of the jaw can send an ant up to 8. 3 centimeters into the air. thats like someone who is 1. 7 meters jumping 13 meters high! not only can they quickly escape from enemies, but often a group of ants will start jumping all at once. it would be hard for their enemies to grab just one. 25. the fast speed of the trap-jaw ants jaws lies in _. a. their light bodiesb. their springy systemc. their living environmentd. the length of their jaws26. what does the passage use“a bow and arrow” as an example to show? a. how an arrow gets so much energy to fly. b. why the trap-jaw ants have a springy system. c. why the trap-jaw ants jaws move so fast. d. how a bow and arrow works. 27. which of the following things may amaze the scientists most? a. how high the ants can leap by using their jaws. b. how quickly the trap-jaw ants can move on the ground. c. how wonderfully the springy system in the trap-jaw ants jaws works. d. how quickly the trap-jaw ants can grab food or enemies. 28. according to the passage, the trap-jaw ants jaws keep them safe because _. a. they can catch their enemies easily with their jawsb. their jaws make them difficult to recognizec. their jaws help them to find food easilyd. their jaws help them to escape from their enemies答案解析1.【解析】选b。考查动词时态和语态。句意：不要制造这么大的噪音。正在播报印尼的火山爆发新闻，我想听听。根据句意可知broadcast这一动作正在进行，且与主语之间是被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。2.【解析】选b。 考查时态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我（刚刚）忘了这件事了。”故要用一般过去时。3.【解析】选c。考查时态。第一句问“你来到山东感到高兴吗”，这里的came很关键，表明了过去的时间点。第二句回答说“我考虑过去北京或上海”，可见“考虑”是发生在came之前，故用过去完成时。4.【解析】选a。考查时态。句意：我现在不喝酒了，但我喝了几乎十年。从这一句可知现在不喝了，喝酒是以前的事了，和现在没有关系，故用一般过去时。5.【解析】选d。考查时态。句意：当地的人们说，那家以生产药品而著名的工厂在过去的几年中通过把污物排到河中的方式一直在污染环境。根据said可知pollute这一动作发生在过去。又根据时间状语in the past years可知此处用过去完成进行时。6.【解析】选a。考查时态。句意：虽然一年中大多数时间沙漠中不下雨，人们仍然生活在那儿。根据主句中的时态，可知应用一般现在时，表示客观事实。7.【解析】选a。考查时态。句意：到上周末已经有来自49个国家的611人报名参加这次会议，其中近一半的人来自美国、德国和英国。根据句意及句子的时间状语by the end of last week可知，谓语动词为过去完成时。8.【解析】选c。考查时态。句意：如果你的新产品在电视上做广告，将会卖得更好。条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句应该用一般将来时。9.【解析】选d。考查时态。句意：我们建这座大桥已经建了两年多了，还差半年就完工。说明大桥从过去一直修建到现在，而且还要继续修建，所以用现在完成进行时，故选d。10.【解析】选a。考查主谓一致及动词语态。句意：在俄罗斯已用了很多方法来扑灭森林大火，甚至俄罗斯的总理普京都亲自参加了战斗。means “方式，方法”，单复同形。a great many“许多”，后面只接复数名词或集体名词，因此a great many means表示复数概念，try与主语是动宾关系，故用被动。故选a。11.【解析】选d。考查动词语态。句意：昨天失火了，谁应对此负责? 战争、火灾发生常用break out。be to blame for sth. 固定用法，因某事应受责备。所以应选d。12.【解析】选d。考查时态。句意：他们打算做实验到明天早上10点，到那时为止他们将工作了22个小时。强调一个动作一直持续到将来的某个时刻，用将来完成进行时。13.【解析】选b。考查时态。be always doing“总是做某事”，表示说话人批评或表扬的态度。本句中的说话人了解john, 推测一定是他又发脾气才使女友生气的，所以表达的是批评的语气。14.【