江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义2(1).doc

江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义2【非谓语动词考点梳理】 1动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“beto do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。(5)不定式作状语的用法。(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。(7)不定式的省略。2动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind, enjoy, require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介词后要接动名词；(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：3现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。(2)现在分词作表语。主语bev.ed表示被动，主语是人；主语bev.ing表示主动，主语是物。4过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。【巩固训练】一、单项选择1. _ to work overtime that evening, i missed a wonderful film. a. having been askedb. to ask c. having asked d. to be asked2. “genius” is a complicated concept, _ many different factors. a. involved b. involving c. to involve d. being involved3. bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years. a. having b. had c. have d. to have4. _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. a. gather b. to gather c. gathering d. to be gathering5. _ into english, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. a. translating b. translated c. to translate d. having translate6. i looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. a. to wind b. wind c. winding d. wound7. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. a. completing b. complete c. completed d. to complete8. he was busy writing a story, only_ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. a. to stop b. stopping c. to have stopped d. having stopped9. the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. a. laid b. laying c. to lay d. being laid10. he had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the world. a. travel b. to travel c. traveled d. traveling11. the spokesman was seated in front of all the journalists at the press conference，_ to answer all kindsof questions. a. prepared b. preparing c. to be prepared d. having prepared12. a proper approach to _ your learning efficiency is of great significance to every student. a. improving b. improve c. be improving d. having improved13. _ to supporting the growing number of students seeking odd jobs, we will provide them with information they need. a. committing b. committed c. being committed d. having committed14. standing there, i almost smell the rain coming. and it did. suddenly the lightning flashed through the clouds, nearly_ me. a. having blinded b. blinded c. blinding d. to blind15. _ with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the pacific are considering moving in the near future. a. facing b. to face c. faced d. face16. the sports meet will be _ next week because of the bad weather. a. put off b. put away c. put up d. put down17. i can _ some noise while im studying, but i cant stand loud noise. a. keep up with b. get along with c. catch up with d. put up with18. the continuous rain _ the harvesting of the wheat by two weeks. a. set back b. set off c. set out d. set aside19. it was getting dark. we decided to _ for the night at a farmhouse. a. put up b. put away c. put down d. put on20. how i wish i could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful english chatting on the internet. a. set off b. set out c. set over d. set up二、动词恰当形式填空21. there are several things _ (take) into consideration.22. being relevant and correct does not equal _ (be) up to date.23. it is vital that every piece of equipment _ (check) before the experiment.24. the market situation is difficult _ (evaluate).25. _ (addict) to computer games ruined his future. 三、完成句子26. 美国政府承诺要逐渐消除社会中的种族歧视american government has made a promise to _ society _ racial discrimination.27. 他们查遍档案仔细搜寻欺诈的证据。 they _ _ the files for evidence of fraud carefully.28. 他提醒妻子给钟上发条。he reminded his wife to _ _ the clock.29. 多年来，我一直订阅这份杂志。i have been _ _ this magazine for years.【能力拓展】四、拓展阅读akayaking is an activity enjoyed by many people of all ages. it requires little or no experience and nearly anyone of any skill level can participate. its most popular as a summertime sport, but it is also a great activity during the winter. kayaking also seems relatively friendly to the environment; more so than speed boating or water skiing. because a kayak doesnt create large or frequent waves, require fuel, or scatter hazards into the air, it is indeed a fairly safe activity for humans and wildlife alike.kayaking on freshwater lakes and streams creates little turbulence and therefore does not disturb fish or other aquatic life. actually, the gentle paddling and movement of the kayak helps to bring seaweed to the surface, making for convenient snacking to the fish. however, there is a drawback to the all-you-can-buffet for your fishy friends. in addition to bringing food to the surface, kayaking also stirs up litter thats been hiding beneath the waters. some aquatic animals will mistake it for food. this could cause the animals to choke on the indigestible litter, leading to death. as hazardous as this sounds, it isnt very likely for such an event to take place. most litter in lakes and streams is found along the shoreline and settles in the sand and dirt, and isnt likely to drift away to the main body of water. . and because kayaks do not have a motor, fish have no risk of getting caught underneath the boat.one potential hazard that results from kayaking is human waste. this depends solely on where you plan to kayak, and if there are resources available (such as campsites) along the shoreline. when there are no facilities in sight, youre paddling in the middle of a lake, and nature calls, then often you are given no choice but to expel your waste in the middle of the water. while human waste is considered biodegradable, it can be harmful when swallowed by fish. the only preventative measure is to avoid using the water as a restroom. some public lakes and streams have taken steps to preserve the quality of the water by requiring permits for kayaking. this wont eliminate a human waste problem, but does help regulate entry into the lake and prevent it from becoming overcrowded.as an important factor to remember when kayaking is that you are a guest in someone elses home. you may not be greeted by anyone or be able to kick up your feet and watch tv, but the water is home to many aquatic animals and wildlife. just as you would not throw trash on the floor or destroy the home of another, you shouldnt do it outdoors either. keep all trash with you in your kayak and properly dispose of it after you return to shore. by doing your part, you will help doing your part, you will help keep kayaking a safe and enjoyable activity for yourself and the environment. 31. which of the following statements is true about kayaking according to the passage?a. young peoples enjoyment of kayaking exceeds that of other people. b. water skiing has more negative effects on the environment than kayaking. c. usually, kayaking is only practiced in the summer.d. whether you can kayak depends on resources available along the shoreline.32. what does “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. providing aquatic animals with an all-you-can-buffet.b. stirring up litter to the surface of the water.c. that aquatic animals choke to death because of eating the litter.d. that most litter in lakes and streams is found along the shoreline and settles.33. which sentence can be put in the blank in paragraph 3?a. because of their adaptability, kayaks can be useful for other outdoor activities such as diving, fishing, and search and rescue during floods.b. unlike boats operated by motor and fuel, kayaks pose little or no harm to the fish swimming beneath.c. contrary to what people may assume, there are a number of unique styles of kayaking based on the type and speed of water involved.d. sea kayaking is a potentially hazardous pursuit, partly because of the nature of the environment in which we operate.34. which is the best title of the passage?a. the environmental impacts of kayakingis it dangerous?b. the most popular water sportskayakingc. advantages and disadvantages of kayakingd. how to keep kayaking a safe and enjoyable activity?35. which word or expression is closest in meaning to “biodegradable”?a. recycled.b. environmentally harmless.c. poisonous. d. sustainable.bmy heart sank when the man at the immigration counter gestured to the back room. i was born and raised in america, and this was miami, where i live, but they werent quite ready to let me in yet.“please wait in here, ms abujaber,” the immigration officer said. my husband, with his very american last name, accompanied me. he was getting used to this. the same thing had happened recently in canada when id flown to montreal to speak at a book event. that time they held me for 45 minutes. today we were returning from a literary festival in jamaica, and i was startled that i was being sent “in back” once again.the officer behind the counter called me up and said, “miss, your name looks like the name of someone whos on our wanted list. were going to have to check you out with washington.”“how long will it take?”“hard to say . a few minutes,” he said. “well call you when were ready for you.” after an hour, washington still hadnt decided anything about me. “isnt this computerized?”i asked at the counter. “cant you just look me up?”just a few more minutes, they assured me.after an hour and a half, i pulled my cell phone out to call the friends i was supposed to meet that evening. an officer rushed over. “no phones!” he said. “for all we know you could be calling a terrorist cell and giving them information.”“im just a university professor,” i said. my voice came out in a squeak.“of course you are. and we take people like you out of here in leg irons every day.”i put my phone away.my husband and i were getting hungry and tired. whole families had been brought into the waiting room, and the place was packed with excitable children, exhausted parents, even a flight attendant.i wanted to scream, to jump on a chair and shout: “im an american citizen; a novelist; i probably teach english literature to your children.” or would that all be counted against me?after two hours in detention, i was approached by one of the officers. “youre free to go,” he said. no explanation or apologies. for a moment, neither of us moved, we were still in shock.then we leaped to our feet.“oh, one more thing.” he handed me a tattered photocopy with an address on it. “if you werent happy with your treatment, you can write to this agency.”“will they respond?” i asked.“i dont know - i dont know of anyone whos ever written to them before.” then he added, “by the way, this will probably keep happening each time you travel internationally.”“what can i do to keep it from happening again?”he smiled the empty smile wed seen all day. “absolutely nothing.”after telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice ive heard in response is to change my name. twenty years ago, my own graduate school writing professor advised me to write under a pen name so that publishers wouldnt stick me in what he called “the ethnic ghetto” - a separate, secondary shelf in the bookstore. but a name is an integral part of anyones personal and professional identity -just like the town youre born in and the place where youre raised.like my father, ill keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. i had no idea that being an american would ever be this hard.36. the author was held at the airport because _. a. she and her husband returned from jamaica.b. her name was similar to a terrorists. c. she had been held in montreal.d. she had spoken at a book event.37. she was not allowed to call her friends because _.a. her identity hadnt been confirmed yet. b. she had been held for only one hour and a half.c. there were other families in the waiting room. d. she couldnt use her own cell phone.38. we learn from the passage that the author would _ to prevent similar experience from happening again.a. write to the agency b. change her name c. avoid traveling abroad d. do nothing39. her experiences indicate that there still exists _ in the us. a. hatredb. discriminationc. toleranced. diversity40. 请将下列句子翻译成汉语（1）after telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice ive heard in response is to change my name._（2）like my father, ill keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean._五、任务型阅读traveling on the information superhighwayin the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term internet. the world wide web was in its infancy（初期）. back then if you said to someone, “send me an e-mail with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look. technology has come a long way since those days. today, the internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.the internet is often called the “information superhighway”. thats because vast amounts of information travel over it. if you searched the word “grasshopper”, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. some sites would give information on these insects. other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers.in addition to information, the internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications, electronic mail, or e-mail for short. e-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd（精明的）man named ray tomlison. he developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1974. he wasnt sure, but he thought his first message was qwertyuiop（the top row of letters on a key-board）. as a result of tomlinsons invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed. thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in london and find out how his weather experiment is going. e-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. in minutes, you can contact ano