比较结构小结+(历年重点考点).doc

使用 than 的常见语法难点一、后接人称代词用主格还是宾格由于than既可用作连词也可用作介词，所以当后接人称代词时，可用主格也可用宾格。通常认为在正式文体中多用主格，在口语或非正式文体中多用宾语。如：Everyone here is taller than I me. 这儿的每一个人都比我高。Her sister swims faster than she her. 她姐姐游泳比她快。但是，若人称代词之后跟有动词，则只能用主格。如：Everyone here is taller than I am. 这儿的每一个人都比我高。Her sister swims faster than she does. 她姐姐游泳比她快。注意：有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较：I love you more than he (likes you). 我比他更爱你。I love you more than (he likes) him. 我爱你胜过爱他。二、后接动词用不定式还是动名词1. 当连接两个非谓语动词时，通常应使用一样的形式。如：It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it. 借债容易还债难。He likes playing chess more than watching TV. 与看电视相比，他更喜欢下棋。比较：He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive. =He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 他认为他自己开车比让我开车要更安全些。三、than any other后接名词用单数还是复数than any other后接名词时通常用单数形式，很少用复数。如：He swims faster than any other student in his class. 他比班上的其他任何学生都游得快。More heat is lost through the head than any other part of the body. 从头部散发的热量比身体的其他任何部位都多。四、几组容易理解出错的than习语1.“no +比较级+than”与“not +比较级+than”(1) “no +比较级+than”用于否定两者，表示“与一样不”，其义大致相当于其中形容词或副词的反义词用于asas结构。如：He is no richer than a beggar.=He is as poor as a beggar. 他穷如乞丐。This one is no better than that one.=This one is as bad as that one. 这个与那个一样不好。(2) “not +比较级+than”的意思是“不比更”“不如”。如：He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。2. no less than, no less.than 与 not less than(1) no less than 有两个意思：一是表示“多达”“有之多”，强调数量之多；二是表示“简直”“与没有差别”。如：We walked no less than three miles. 我们走了三英里之远。We won no less than 500 in a competition. 我们在一次比赛中就赢了500英镑。It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要这么多，简直跟抢劫没什么两样。(2) no less.than 意为“与一样”“不比差”，强调两者具有同等性。如：He is no less wise than you. 他跟你一样聪明(他并不比你笨)。A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。(3) not less than 意为“不下于”“至少”。比较：He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七个女儿之多。He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七个女儿。其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)：She is as good a cook as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。也可说：She is a cook as good as her mother. 但不说：She is as a good cook as her mother. 或They are as good cooks as us.常见比较结构的用法区别1. more and more与 the more, the more：前者表示“越来越”，后者表示“越，越”。如：Our country is getting more and more powerful. 我们国家越来越强大。The more we get together, the happier we will be. 人聚得越多，我们越快活。I比较等级的特殊句型归纳(1) less/least +原级：表示降级的比较级或最高级。如：I am even less lucky. 我甚至更不走运。This is the least useful of the four books.四本书中这一本最无用处。(2) the+比较级, the+比较级：表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越就越”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如(from )：The harder you work, the better result youll get.你学习越努力，成绩就越好。(3) the+比较级(+of the two)：表示“两者中较的那个人或物”。如：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.汤姆是两兄弟中个子较高的那个。(4) 比较级+and+比较级：表示“越来越”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”，如warmer and warmer越来越暧和；多音节形容词或副词用“more and more”如more and more beautiful越来越美。(5) 比较级+than any other+单数名词：表示最高级意义。如：Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.(=Mike is the most intelligent in his class.)马克比他班上任何一个人都聪明。I。关于“never+比较级”结构否定副词never与比较级连用有时可表示最高级的意义。如：I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。（相当于说：这是我喝过的最好的啤酒。）I have never met a kinder man. 我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。（相当于：这是我遇见过的最仁厚的人。）He has never spent a more worrying day. 他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。（相当于说：这是我度过的最烦恼的日子。）注：有时也可不用never而用其他否定词。如：No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。如何理解nevera better的意思在英语学习中，经常会见到 nevera better 之类的用法，你知道它是什么意思吗？请看下面一题：How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a betterB. a bestC. the betterD. the best 【陷阱】容易误选D，认为最高级前要用定冠词。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A，该句可视为I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例：He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。This bird is really lovely. Ive never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱，我从未见过这样好看的鸟。比较以下试题，情形也大致相同：(1) “Ive never found a better job.” “_.”A. I dont think soB. Too badC. CongratulationsD. Dont worry答案选C，Ive never found a better job可视为 Ive never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意为：我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作，即这是我所找到的最好的工作。(2) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, _. We couldnt have found a better place.”A. too bad B. sorryC. wonderful D. impossible答案选 C。We couldnt have found a better place 可视为We couldnt have found a better place than this place，其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好的地方”，即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higherC. the higher D. the highest答案选B，句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。(4) How cold it is! Weve never had _ this winter.A. the colder dayB. a cold dayC. the coldest dayD. a colder day答案选 D。句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子”。几个值得注意的比较级句式一、the+比较级, the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越就越”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我越了解他就越喜欢他。The more difficult the questions are, the less likely Ill be able to answer them. 题目越难我越答不出。二、the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中较的那个人或物”时，在比较级前加定冠词the。如：He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中较高的那个。She was the more promising worker of the two. 她是两人之中更有培养前途的工人。三、比较级+and+比较级此句型表示“越来越”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”，如：Things are getting better and better every day. 情况一天天好起来。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越困难了。Holiday nights are getting less and less expensive. 假日机票越来越便宜了。四、not +比较级+ than / no +比较级+ than比较级前加not，表示前者不如后者，与not asas相当；比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为“和一样不”，与neithernor或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相