英语教学法复习提纲Unit2.doc

Unit 2 Communicative Principles and Activities10. The ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is to enable the students to use the foreign language in work or life when necessary. 11. The goal of CLTThe goal of CLT is to develop students communicative competence, 12. Communicative competence: Competence simply means knowledge of the language system: grammatical knowledge in other words. 13. Hymes (1979), communicative competence includes four aspects:1) knowing whether something is formally possible (grammatically acceptable), which is roughly equivalent to Chomskys linguistic competence交流内容是否规范2) knowing whether something is understandable to human beings;3) knowing whether something is in line with与、有关 social norms;4) knowing whether something is in fact done: Do people actually use language this way? 14. Based on the concept of communicative competence and aiming at developing such competence, communicative language teaching has the following features:1) It stresses the need to allow students opportunities for authentic and creative use of the language.2) It focuses on meaning rather than form.3) It suggests that learning should be relevant to the needs of the students.4) It advocates提倡 task-based language teaching. Students should be given tasks to perform or problems to solve in the classroom.5) It emphasizes a functional approach to language learning (i.e. what people do with language,such as inviting, apologizing, greeting and introducing, etc.). 15. Richards and Rodgers(1986:72)three principles of Communicative language teaching 1) Communication principle: Activities that involve real communication promote learning. 2) Task principle: Activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful task promote learning.3) Meaningfulness principle: Language that is meaningful to the learner supports he learning process.16. Littlewoods (1981) classification of communicative activities:1). Functional communicative activities: 2). Social interaction activities: (1). Functional communicative activities: Identifying pictures Discovering identical pairs Discovering sequences or locations Discovering missing information Discovering missing features Discovering secretsCommunicating patterns and pictures Communicative models Discovering differences Following directions Reconstructing story-sequences Pooling information to solve a problem(2). Social interaction activities: Role-playing through cued dialoguesRole-playing through cues and informationRole-playing through situation and goals-Role-playing through debate or discussion Large-scale simulation activities Improvisation17. Ellis (1990) has listed six criteria for evaluating communicative classroo