广东省汕头市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（3）.doc

广东汕头市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解练习（3）高考英语任务型阅读考前精讲精练（答案）任务型阅读解题指导陕西省高考英语试卷阅读部分第二节任务型阅读，俗称“六选五”（以下简称“六选五”）。该题考查考生在阅读过程中概括段落主旨的能力。考生在应试中如何快速理清文章脉络、准确概括段落主旨是在这一题目上取得理想成绩的关键所在。一、“六选五”的试题要求与完成该题应具备的语言能力“六选五”是自2010年起陕西高考英语阅读部分采用的一个阅读新题型。该题要求考生从阅读细节信息入手，通篇把握文章的结构脉络，在获取细节信息的基础上，根据文章的篇章与段落结构，从所给的六个备选主旨概括选项中选出与文章各段落相匹配的主旨概括选项，是对考生语篇综合理解能力和归纳概括能力的考查，要求考生具备获取细节信息、理清文章脉络、概括段落主旨的能力，是从篇章的角度对考生阅读能力的一种综合性考查。二、“六选五”的命题特征2010-2013“六选五”信息统计表年份2010201120122013文章体裁说明文说明文说明文说明文文章题材社会文化社会文化社会文化社会文化文章话题送礼幽默演讲技巧养宠物是否有标题有无无无段落数5575文章词数396370414388选项词数40633042总词数436433444430注：文章词数包括标题和题目数字序号，但不包括中文注解；选项词数包括选项序号。从上面的统计表可以看出：近四年 “六选五”命题特征比较稳定，所选用的文章体裁都是说明文，文章的题材都属于社会文化类，文章所涉及的话题广泛。如果再从近四年 “六选五”的文章结构、内容和所提供的选项进行进一步的分析，还可以总结出这一题型其它的一些共性：该题所选文章以方法指导、问题分析、事实阐述等形式对某一话题展开说明，话题贴近学生生活，文章内容新颖、积极，健康向上，具有一定的科学性、时代性及教育性；文章总体上难度适中，主题明确，行文结构比较清楚，各个段落的词数大体均衡，每段意思明确、独立；要求概括主旨的各个段落之间多为平行关系，但段落间也可能是转折或递进关系。三、2013年陕西高考英语“六选五”解析根据短文内容，从下框的a-f选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。a. adults keep pets with their children.b. pet-keeping has a very long history. c. pet-keeping may do harm to animals. d. people keep pets for their aesthetic need. e. caged pets become increasingly popular. f. pet-keeping is helpful for childrens growth.61. pet-keeping is a time-honoured tradition. one of the reasons for people to raise dogs or cows was usefulness. while people in the past hunted animals and kept them in their backyards, the civilised man today is less cruel towards them and is less exploitative (利用的).62. we keep animals as pets because they are attractive. we all have the urge to possess something that has aesthetic (美学的) value, and that is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture. keeping pets is one form of this urge. a siamese cat in the house can be a decorative object. pets are playful animals and they amuse us. a little rabbit amuses us by its playful and lively runs.63. many parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children. having pets is an excellent way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility. children get the opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creatures life. it will be an educational experience for a child to watch the natural life cycle of an animal. there are psychological (心理的) benefits for children. pets are welcome friends for children who are lonely. pets are excellent companions. keeping pets means giving love and being loved. we find comfort in giving care and receiving care in return. we get pleasure from their appearance and their behaviour.64. as more people move into apartments, there are limitations on keeping of animals like dogs and monkeys. therefore, caged animals have increased in popularity. birds fall into this group. we keep them for their beautiful songs and feathers. fish-keeping is a widespread hobby and the keeper can observe their behaviour in the glass tank and study its entire life cycle. the cat is a fine house pet and it fits neatly into human habitation (居住地) without requiring its own cage. they are wonderful hunters, if there are rats around.65. pets satisfy mans desire to care for a bit of nature. the pet owner has the responsibility for supplying those needs that nature provides. pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment. are we not enslaving (奴役) them?话题与篇章结构感知：考生可以从方框中所给的选项入手来确定文章的主题。所给的六个选项中都出现了“pets”，并且其中的五个选项中都出现了“keep”，由此可以推断本文的话题是饲养宠物。再从选项的对比分析可知本文应该是说明文体，主要说明了人类饲养宠物的历史、原因、益处、危害等情况。61. b。第一段第一句就提到了“pet-keeping is a time-honoured tradition”，这里的“tradition”与历史有关，接着又提到“people in the past”和“the civilised man today”，综合上面的信息可知本段主要说明了人类饲养宠物有悠久的历史，所以本段的主旨大意应该是b选项。62. d。由本段的第二句和第三句，特别是第二句中的关键信息“has aesthetic value”可知本段主要说明了人类饲养宠物是为了满足美学需求，所以本段的主旨大意应该是d选项。63. f。本段第一句是该段的主题句，提到饲养宠物对孩子有益处，段落中的其它部分是对主题句作进一步说明，如“developing”，“responsibility”，“educational experience”，“companions”等重要信息词。这些信息词有助于概括出“饲养宠物对孩子的成长有益处”这一主旨，所以本段的主旨大意应该是f选项。64. e。由本段中的第二句“therefore, caged animals have increased in popularity”可以判断本段的主旨是笼养宠物越来越流行，该句后的其它部分是对这一主旨的展开说明，所以本段的主旨大意应该是e选项。(注意本段第二句中的“increased”和“popularity”与e选项中的“increasingly”和“popular”分别互为同根词) 65. c。由本段倒数第二句中的“but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment”和最后一句可知本段主要说明了饲养宠物有时会给它们带来伤害，所以本段的主旨大意应该是c选项。另外，从文章的脉络来看，文章是围绕着“人类饲养宠物有悠久的历史人类饲养宠物以满足美学需求饲养宠物对孩子的成长有益处笼养宠物越来越流行饲养宠物有时会给它们带来伤害”这一线索展开说明，前四段之间是平行关系，前四段与第五段之间是转折关系。四、“六选五”的解题方法与技巧1. 阅读方框中所提供的选项，推测文章主旨。在完成这一题目时，考生应先浏览方框中所提供的选项或文章的题目，由选项或文章题目确定文章的话题和主旨，利用这些信息激活与文章主题相关的背景知识，同时根据所提供的选项去推测文章的结构，预测所要概括主旨段落之间的逻辑关系。2. 逐段阅读文章，初步确定每个段落的主旨。读每段话时，要注意其中的关键信息句与关键信息词。阅读时应综合考虑整个段落，要能准确迅速提取出概括主旨的信息，初步确定一个能概括该段主旨大意的选项。3. 在确定了某一个段落的主旨大意后，可对这个选项作出标记，以免在选择其它段落主旨大意时再次阅读这一选项，以节省时间。如果不能确定某一段落的主旨大意时，可先确定其它段落的主旨大意，然后采用排除和对比分析的方法排除干扰选项，选出正确答案。干扰选项往往以过度概括、概括不全、错误概括和无中生有等方式对正确答案形成干扰。4. 在完成所有选项的选择后，再次浏览全文，通篇考虑文章脉络和各个段落之间的逻辑关系，最终确定每一个段落的主旨大意，确保答案准确无误。五、“六选五”的复习与备考策略1. “六选五”是对学生综合阅读理解能力和概括能力的考查，所以考生在平时阅读训练的过程中，就要有段落与篇章意识，学会从整体上把握文章的主题与结构，要能理清文章的脉络，特别要留意说明文的文体结构与行文方式。2. 在平时阅读时，要注意说明文段落的不同组织结构形式和说明方式，找准段落的主题句、关键信息句和关键信息词，把握段落的主旨，同时要留意段落中的过渡衔接词，留意段落首句和尾句中的信息。3. 在备考过程中，一定要扩大阅读面和阅读量，提高阅读速度，形成快速获取细节信息、加工信息、归纳处理信息和准确概括段落主旨大意的能力。阅读理解。most musicians agree that the best violins were made in italy. they were made in cremona, italy, about 200 years ago. these violins sound better than any others. they even sound better than violins made today. violin makers and scientists try to make instruments like the old italian violins. but they arent the same. musicians still prefer the old ones. no one really knows why these old italian violins are so special, but many people think they have an answer.some people think it is the age of the violins. they say that todays violins will also sound wonderful someday. but there is a problem here. not all old violins sound wonderful. only those from cremona are special. so age cannot be the answer. there must be something different about cremona or those italian violins makers.other people think the secret to those violins is wood. the wood of the violin is very important. it must be from certain kinds of the trees. it must not be too young or too old. perhaps the violin makers of cremona knew something special about wood for violins.but the kind of wood may not be so important. it may be more important to cut the wood in a special way. wood for a violin must be cut very carefully. it has to be the right size and shape. the smallest difference will change the sound of the violin. musicians sometimes think that this was the secret of the italians. maybe they understood more than we do about how to cut the wood.size and shape may not be the answer either. scientists measured these old violins very carefully. they can make new ones that are exactly the same size and shape. but the new violins still do not sound as good as the old ones. some scientists think the secret may be the varnish, which covers the wood of the violin and makes it look shiny. it also helps the sound of the instrument. no one knows what the italian violin makers used in their varnish. so no one can make the same varnish today.there may never be other violins like the violins of cremona. their secret may be lost forever. young musicians today hope this is not true. they need fine violins. but there arent very many of the old violins left. also, the old violins are very expensive. recently, a famous old italian violin was sold for about us$300,000!1. this passage is about . a. making violinsb. musical instrumentsc. scientific ideasd. the old italian voilins答案解析：答案为d。本题为主旨大意题。 第一段最后一句话 “no one really knows why these old italian violins are so special, but many people think they have an answer.” 引入话题，为什么古老的意大利小提琴如此特别，很多人认为他们知道答案，后文分别给出了不同人的答案，最后一段对问题的答案进行总结 “there may never be other violins like the violins of cremona. their secret may be lost forever.” 意大利小提琴的秘密或许永远消失了，无人知晓。全文都是围绕古老的意大利小提琴展开。故答案为d。2. the best violins .a. are made with modern techniquesb. were lost many years agoc. were made in italy 200 years ago d. were made by scientists答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。由第一段第一、二句话 “most musicians agree that the best violins were made in italy. they were made in cremona, italy, about 200 years ago.” 可知，答案为c。3. some people think that modern violins .a. will sound better in the futureb. will sound worse in the futurec. sound wonderful and naturald. will never be as old as those from cremona答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。结合第二段和该段第二句话 “they say that todays violins will also sound wonderful someday.” 可知，一些人认为现代小提琴有一天也会演奏出优美的旋律，故a选项正确。b、c选项与文意不符，d选项未提及。4. violins made today . a. look the same as the old onesb. sound the same as the old onesc. are better than the old onesd. have the same varnish as the old ones答案解析：答案为a。本题为推理题。由倒数第二段 “they can make new ones that are exactly the same size and shape. but the new violins still do not sound as good as the old ones.” 可知，科学家可以制作出和意大利小提琴一样大小和形状的小提琴，但是新的小提琴音质就是不如意大利小提琴好，故a正确，b、c错误。由该段最后两句话 “no one knows what the italian violin makers used in their varnish. so no one can make the same varnish today.”可知，d选项错误。阅读理解 are you preparing for a big test? if so, you may want to go play some basketball in between hitting the books. doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. judy cameron, a scientist at oregon health and science university, studies brain development. according to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels(血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. doctor cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. as she says, “ while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”the effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. babies who do activities that requires a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. even a little movement can show big results. margaret barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. she thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies. “babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. they need to set up a connection between motion and memory. in this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says margaret.older people can develop their brains as well. cornell university studied a group of seniors who have a shortterm memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. the exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be too simple. learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. for most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. the main aim is to increase the brains flow of blood. and your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.1. what is the main idea of this passage?a. how exercise makes people strong.b. how to get good scores on a test.c. how exercise helps the brain.d. how the brain can change. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为主旨大意题。第一段就点出了全文的中心 “according to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed.”，锻炼可以使血管，包括大脑里的血管更结实、发育更好，后面的段落分别对中心进行阐述证明。故