安徽省中考英语 第三部分 题型研析 高分保障 题型5 阅读理解课件.ppt

第三部分题型研析高分保障 题型5阅读理解 分析近10年安徽中考题可知 阅读理解分值为40分 是试卷中分值最多的一题 2015年以前为4篇短文 20个小题 都为选择型 2015年至今 分两大块 4篇选择型阅读和1篇任务型阅读 共有5篇短文 阅读理解题总体难度适中 考查的材料包罗万象 话题广泛且贴近考生的学习和生活 具有很强的时代气息 体裁有说明文 诗歌 书信 记叙文 议论文 话题以说明类 跨文化介绍类 人物经历及感受 广告和海报信息 寓言故事 科技 故事和运动为主 设题以具体信息理解为主 兼顾主旨大意 推理判断 猜测词义等考点 综合考查学生对书面材料的理解能力以及从中获取信息并加以判断 归纳和综合的能力 命题将在考查细节理解的基础上逐渐注重对文章整体的理解和把握 考生在复习时一定要注意阅读速度 技巧 文化背景常识等方面的积累 以便提升通过文字获取信息的能力 解题技法指导类型1选择型阅读理解 快速阅读 在考试时才能节省时间 怎样才能做到快速阅读呢 在平时的阅读训练中 我们可以按照以下几点来做 1 抓关键句 如名词 动词 主谓宾构成的简单句及常见的几种复合句 2 抓首尾句 即中心句 也叫主题句 3 在浏览题目的同时 用铅笔画出有关信息来缩小寻找范围 4 学会通过阅读上下文或跳读来推测词义 5 最后 要复读检查 答完题后 再重读一遍短文 以验证所做的答案 例题精析 2017 安徽中考c篇 dearsundayglobe iamwritingtotellyouaboutyourarticlesmartphonesmakelifeeasierinlastsunday snewspaper youdidanexcellentjobexplainingthegoodpointsofsmartphones butyoudidn ttalkabouttheirbadpointsatall so ihopeyou llletmegiveyourreaderssomeadviceonsmartphoneetiquette 礼仪 thefirstpointi dliketoaddressisloudness whenyoutalkonyoursmartphoneinpublic pleasedon tshout infact themicrophonesinsmartphonesareverysensitive 灵敏的 so youcanbeheardevenifyouspeakquietly anotherpointisaboutpersonalspace idon tthinkitispolitetomakecallsinsmallspacesfullofpeople thismakesothersuncomfortableandforcesthemtolistentoyourpersonalbusiness what sworse itstopsmanyface to faceconversationsfromeverbeginning lastly doingtwothingsatthesametimeisdangerous forexample makingcallswhiledrivingisabadhabit payattentiontotheroad similarly whenstayingwithyourfriends turnoffyoursmartphoneandenjoytheircompany yourstruly amberjala 1 amberjalawrotetheletterto a findagoodjobb provideadvicec makeherlifeeasierd buyasmartphone2 whatdoestheunderlinedword address inparagraph2probablymean a 致函b 称呼c 陈述d 选址3 accordingtoparagraph3 whatmakespeoplearoundyouuncomfortable a discussingfacetoface b speakingquietlyonyourphone c mindingyourownbusiness d callinginsmallspacesfullofpeople 4 whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph a itisdangeroustodriveontheroad b itiseasytostartacompanywithothers c itisbadtoturnoffourphoneswhiledriving d itisimportanttouseoursmartphonesproperly 主旨大意 本文是一篇书信应用文 信中肯定了智能手机的优点 但同时也提出使用智能手机需要注意的三个方面的礼仪 1 b细节理解题 从正文第一段最后一句 so ihopeyou llletmegiveyourreaderssomeadviceonsmartphoneetiquette 可知 amberjala写信的目的是希望给出几点有关智能手机礼仪的建议 故选b 2 c词义猜测题 从第二段开始 amber陈述了三点使用智能手机的建议 由此推知选c 3 d细节理解题 从正文第三段第二 三句中 idon tthinkitispolitetomakecallsinsmallspacesfullofpeople thismakesothersuncomfortable 可知 amber认为 在人员拥挤的狭小空间打电话是不礼貌的 这使得别人不舒服 故选d 4 d总结归纳题 阅读最后一段可知 同时做两件事是危险的 比如开车打电话 与朋友在一起时不关掉电话等 故最后一段告诉我们要合理使用手机 技法点拨 1 细节理解题考查目的 针对文章的细节设计 主要考查事实和细节 提问方式 whichofthefollowingisright whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthepassage 技巧点拨 利用题目的关键词 寻找文中的对应词 在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案 一般不能直接从某句中找到答案 而是需要根据全文的多个句子或段落得出答案 这时应采用排除法来解题 2 推理判断题考查目的 在理解全文或语段的基础上推理和判断文章的意图和目的 提问方式 wecanguessthewriterofthepassagemaybea fromthepassage storywecanguess fromthepassage storywecanlearnedthat 技巧点拨 本题型根据文中某些词 句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气 文章的论调和倾向进行推断 读整篇文章 理解作者意图 真理不一定是正确答案 事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一或几个具体细节进行简单的推断 进行这种推断时 要首先在文章中找出依据推断的有关文字 然后加以分析 尤其要悟出字里行间的含义 逻辑推断 对作者的意图和态度的推断 3 词义猜测题考查目的 本题型主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断词义的能力 提问方式 theword inthepassageprobablymeans theunderlinedword it inthepassagemeans inthepassagetheunderlinedword means 技巧点拨 解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧 根据上下文猜测 根据同义词或反义词猜测 根据构词法猜测 通过定义或释义猜测 根据转折 因果关系等来猜测 根据生活常识猜测 此外 对于这类题目采取 代入法 也十分有效 即将备选答案逐一带入文中 哪一选项能使句子的意思通顺 连贯 且与上下文的内容一致 就是正确答案 4 主旨大意题考查目的 考查短文或段落的主题 中心和标题 提问方式 whichisthebesttitleofthepassage thispassagemainlytalksabout thepassagetellsusthat 技巧点拨 标题归纳题用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力 做此类题要注意 1 以原文为依据 2 只选最适合本篇文章的 3 注意绝对化的词 4 答案要避免以点带面 以偏概全 5 文中没有提到的不要妄自猜测 一切以文章内容为准 主旨大意题重点关注文章的首尾句或段首句寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结文章的主旨大意 passage1 2017 舟山中考 即时运用 haveyoueverbeeninaconflict 冲突 doyouknowhowtosolveit conflictresolutionisapeacefulwayoftryingtosolveaconflict bothsidesintheconflictexplainwhattheythinkhappenedtocauseit thepersonwholistenstobothsidesiscalledthemediator 调解人 afterbothsidestellwhattheythinkhappenedtocausetheconflict theydiscusswaystosolveit theytrytocomeupwitha resolution thatbothsidesagreeto theycannotbeangryduringthecommunication everyoneshouldusegoodlisteningand attendingskillswhiletalking ifvoicesgettooloudoritappearsthatsomeoneisangry themediatorwillspeakupandhavethemtreateachotherwithrespect afterdifferentsuggestionsaresharedinhowtomediatetheconflict itistimefordiscussingthebestsolution 解决办法 hereisanexampleofhowconflictresolutionworksstepbystepinaschoolplaygroundsetting someonesaysastudentpushedhimonthefootballfield thepersonwhowasaccusedasthe pusher saysitwasactuallyanaccident thepersonwhowaspushedgetsthemediator themediatortakesthetwopersonstoaquieterplace awayfromotherstotalk themediatorcalmsthemdownandletsthemknowheunderstandstheirfeelings eachpersondescribeswhathappened themediatorrepeatswhatheheard soitiscleartoeveryone themediatorasksforideastosolvetheproblem thetwopersonsoffertheirownsolutions thetwopersonshaveadiscussionandcometoanagreement themediatormakessurethepersonsfollowthesolution themediatorofferspraiseforsolvingtheproblem conflictresolutioncanbeusedinmanyenvironments itencouragespeopletotellwhatreallyhappened tosharetheirfeelings andtoworktogetherpeacefullytosolvetheproblem itofferspeopleworkablestepstoreachanagreementwiththehelpofamediator 1 accordingtothepassage iftwostudentshavehadafight theyhadbetter a callthepoliceb getamediatorc askparentsforideasd describethefighttoteachers2 inconflictresolution themediator sjobisto a describewhatreallyhappenedtobothsidesb helpbothsidesreachanagreementinaproperwayc listentobothsidesandthenpunishthetroublemakerd writedownwhatbothsideshaveexplainedinthecommunication b b 3 theunderlinedwords was accused inthispassagemightmean inchinese a 被惩罚b 被轻视c 被指责d 被否定4 thewritergivestheexampleinthepassageinorderto a showhowamediatorworksinafootballmatchb helpusknowtheimportanceofamediatorindailylifec showhowconflictresolutionisusedindifferentenvironmentsd helpusclearlyunderstandtheworkablestepsinconflictresolution c d passage2 2016 绍兴中考 accordingtoarecentstudy thereareabout70 000blindchildreninindonesia amongthem 60percentwerenotbornblind iyehezkielparudaniisoneofthem wholosthiseyesightbyaccidentatagesix henowteachesenglishtoblindstudentsatthepajajaranspecialschool iyehezkielparudanisayslearningenglishcanhelpblindpeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselves bylearningenglish theycanbeanenglishteacher atranslator andatourguide studentsreadusingbraille 盲文 towrite theyusespecialtools too iyehezkielparudanisaysblindpeopleshouldnotlettheirphysicaldisabilityinfluencetheirdreams in2008 hegotachancetostudyattheuniversityoftexas twoyearslater hegotamaster sdegreeincoursedevelopmentthere intheus ifigototheuniversitytostudy everythingisavailable likee books braillebooks hereinindonesia youknow it sdifficulttofindareferencebookine bookorinbraille wehavetomakeitourselves intheus icanmovewhereveriwantbecauseeverythingdesignedisreallyaccessibleforpeoplewithblindness ehalestari oneofhisstarstudents sayslearningenglishhaschangedherlife shehasalreadytraveledtotheuswiththehelpofanindonesia u s program istudyenglishbecauseiloveenglishverymuch iwanttobeatranslatorbecauseiwantto gototheothercountriesandtheniwanttomeetsomepeoplefromaroundtheworld likeherclassmates ehalovestosing here musicispartofdailylife eventhestudentswhodonotstudyenglishcansingsomeamericanpopsongs suchasstandbyme standbyme pleasestand standbyme standbyme iyehezkielparudanisaysthesonghasspecialmeaningtothestudents inourlife weneedotherpersons youhavetostandbyme withoutyoustandingbyme i mmeaningless 1 accordingtowhatiyehezkielsays learningenglishcanhelpblindstudentsto a havemorechancestogetjobsb visitenglish speakingcountriesc getamaster sdegreeeasilyd readbraillebooksquickly a 2 theunderlinedword accessible inthethirdparagraphmightmean a funtouseb easytoreachc hardtobreakd safetochoose3 fromthelasttwoparagraphs wecaninfer 推断 thatthestudents a sangsongssidebysideb achievedtheirdreamsc hadameaninglesslifed neededhelpfromothers4 thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe a ablindgirllearningenglishb blindchildrensingingsongsc ablindmanteachingenglishd blindteacherslivingbyme b d c dearheadmaster latelyourclasshasbecomeworriedabouttheenvironmentatthebackoftheschoolandwewouldliketodosomethingtomakeitmoreattractive wehavedonesomeresearchandhavecomeupwithaplan withthehelpofourparents wecandomostoftheworkourselves butwewillneedsomemoneyforplantsandpaint iamwritingtoasktheschoolforpermissiontodothisworkandtoaskiftheschoolcoulddonate 1 000towardsourproject passage3 2017 徐州中考 wewouldliketoturntheemptylandatthebackoftheschoolintoagarden wewouldplanttrees grass flowersandmakepathsthroughthegarden itwouldalsoattractbirds insectsandsmallanimalswhichstudentscouldthenstudyinscienceclasses wewouldalsoliketopaintthebackwalloftheschoolthatfacesthenewgarden someofourartclassescouldthenpaintahugepictureonit lastly wewouldliketopaintallrubbishbins atthemomenttheylookoldandthepaintiscomingoff ifwepainttheminbright attractivecolours studentsmightbemorelikelytousethem wethinkourplanwouldgreatlyimprovethebackoftheschool wehavealreadyaskedourparentsandtheyhavepromisetodonateoneweekendoftheirtimetohelpuscompletetheproject wehopeyouwillgiveuspermissionforthisprojectandwillbeabletodonatethe 1 000weneed whenwehavefinishedthework wehopeyouwilljoinusinacelebrationmorningteasothatthewholeschoolcanthankyou yourssincerely jimwhitemonitorofclass1 grade91 thisisaletterfroma toa a student headmasterb student teacherc teacher headmasterd headmaster student2 howmanythingsdoesjimwhiteasktheschoolfortocompletetheproject a one b two c three d four a b 3 howmuchtimehavetheparentspromisedtohelpwiththework a onemorning b oneday c oneweekend d oneweek 4 whatisnotintheplan a doingsomepaintingwork b makingmorningteaeveryday c makingpathsthroughthegarden d growingtrees grassandflowersatthebackoftheschool c b passage4 2017 乌鲁木齐中考 let sgowrestling dad 摔跤吧 爸爸 isoneofthetop10moviesrecently ittellsatruestoryaboutanindianmanandhistwodaughters hisname smahavir inreallife heiscalled thefatherofindianwomenwrestling becausethousandsofgirlsacrossindiahavebeensupposedtotakeupwrestlingwithhisefforts averyfamousindianactor aamirkhan playedtheroleofmahavirinthemovie itwasanunusualexperienceforhim aamirkhanwasveryseriousabout hischaracterandhetriedtomakethischaracterclosetothetruestory inordertoactwell heneededtoputonweighttobeveryfatandthendidsportstobeverysronginashorttime aamirkhanstartedtoeataloteverydaybeforemakingthemovie heateatleast5mealsadayincludingmuchjunkfood hebecametoofattorunquickly itissimpletobefatbutdifficulttobestrong aamirkhaninvitedmanycoachestotrainhimtoloseweightandittookhimafewmonthstobestrong hemusteatlessfoodanddrinkmorewater strengthtrainingisalsomportant thiskindofphysicaltrainingisveryboring hehadtoliftdifferentweightsanddiditoverandoveragain aamirkhansetagoaltohimselfdaybydayandtheminutehemadeit hefelldownontheground andcouldhardlystandup intheend hebecametheexactpersonthemovieneeded theroleheplayedwasverymovingandhesucceededatlast ashesays themostimportantthinginlifeisnotwhetheryoucanreachyourgoalbutwhetheryouhavemadethegreatestefforts 1 fromthepassage whatisaamirkhan sjob a ateacher b anactor c adirector d acoach 2 whyismahavircalled thefatherofindianwomenwrestling a becauseheisaveryfamousindianpalyer b becauseheplayedaroleinthemovie let sgowrestling dad c becausehesupportedmanyindianwomentotakeupwrestling d becausehebecamestronginashorttime b c 3 whatdoestheunderlinedword strength meaninchinese a 力量b 目标c 疲劳d 节食4 whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingthingsaboutaamirkhan hechangedhiseatinghabitsanddidsportstobecomestrong hewasseriousaboutthecharacterandheneededtomakegreatefforts tobefat heatelotsoffood finally hesucceeded a b c d a d 5 whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutaamirkhanfromthepassage a let sgowrestling dad isatruestoryaboutaamirkhanhimself b hebecameveryfatatfirstandthenlostweightinaveryshorttime c inordertoactwell hetrainedsohard d hetriedtoplayaperfectroleinthemovie a 类型2任务型阅读理解 2015年至今安徽中考英语加了回答问题型阅读题 主要考查特殊疑问句的问答 且答案词数有所限定 共有3道小题 考查方式以细节理解题为主 同时可能涉及推理判断题 主旨大意题 标题归纳题 旨在考查学生对文章的确切理解能力 用英语进行表述和归纳的能力 也体现出对基础知识及综合能力的考查 例题精析 2017 安徽中考e篇 阅读下面短文 并用英语回答问题 请注意每小题后面的词数要求 therewasonceanoldanddeepwell peoplegotwaterbydroppingabucket 木桶 tiedtoarope theropepassedoverawheeljustabovethewell ontheothersideoftheropewasanotherbucket astrongpullbroughtonebuckettothetopwhiletheotherdowntothewater theyalwayspassedeachotheronthewayupanddown butneverhadtimetospeak atlast theropebecameworn soanewropehadtobeputinitsplace whilethiswasbeingdone thetwobucketswereleftstandingtogethernearthewell whataboringlifewehave saidonebuckettotheother iamquitetiredofit nomatterhowfullwecomeup wearealwayssentdownempty buttheotherbucketlaughedandsaid whatafunnywayyouhaveoflookingatthings don tyouseethatwheneverwearesentdownempty wealwayscomeupfull boysandgirlssometimestalklikethesetwobuckets youmayhearoneofthemsay justaswearehavingagoodgame wearemadetostopandgotoworkagain yes theotherwillreply butassoonasworkisover wealwaysgettogooutandhavefunagain therearetwowaysoflookingatthings ifyouwanttobehappy lookatthebrightside 1 whatwerethebucketstiedto 不超过10个词 2 wheredidthetwobucketstalkwitheachother 不超过10个词 3 whatdoesthestorytellus 不超过15个词 主旨大意 本文是一篇记叙文 两个木桶长年累月在井里上下打水 其中一个木桶感觉非常无聊 它认为它总是满着上来 空着下去 可另外一个木桶却不这么认为 它认为它总是空着下去 满着上来 因此它感觉高兴 有时孩子们也有类似的这种想法 这个故事告诉我们 凡事都有两面性 我们应该看到积极阳光的一面 1 解析 细节理解题 从第一段第二句 peoplegotwaterbydroppingabuckettiedtoarope 可知 这两个木桶被系到一个绳索上面 答案 arope theyweretiedtoarope 2 解析 细节理解题 从第三段最后一句 thetwobucketswereleftstandingtogethernearthewell 可知 这两个木桶在井旁说话 答案 nearthewell theytalkedwitheachothernearthewell 3 解析 主旨大意题 从文章最后一段最后一句 ifyouwanttobehappy lookatthebrightside 可知 这个故事告诉我们 如果我们想快乐 那就要看积极阳光的一面 答案 ifwewanttobehappy weshouldlookattherightsideofthings 技法点拨 1 认真审题 问什么答什么 怎么问怎么答 回答问题类题目 在答题前 首先应该快速浏览所提问题 然后带着这个问题 有的放矢地去阅读文章 获取与问题有关的信息 2 答案要简洁准确 对那些在文章中找不到答案的问题 必须再通读全文 对获得的信息进行整理 通篇考虑 才能写出答案 3 把握好人称 时态 语态 注意问题中的人称 时态 语态与原文是否一致 不一致时要进行相应的转换 4 答完问题后要进行检查 确保答案在语法 拼写及标点等方面准确无误 书写要工整清晰 准确运用大小写及标点符号 即时运用 pasage1 2017 长沙中考改编 mayweallblessedwithlongevity thoughmilesapart wearestillabletosharethebeautyofthemoontogether 但愿人长久 千里共婵娟 wrotesushi apoetduringthesongdynasty inhiswell knowpoemtohisyoungerbrothersuzhe themoonisatitsbrightestonthe15thdayoftheeightmonthofthelunarcalendar 阴历 onthisday peoplecelebratemid autumnfestival ithasbeenenjoyinggreatpopularityalloverthecountry inancientchina thatdaywasaharvest 收获 festivalbecausecrops 庄稼 wereharvestedduringthatperiod itwasatimeforrelaxationandcelebration justlikethanksgivinginwesterncountries familiesalsotrytogettogetherforthemid autumnfestivalinchina usually nomatterhowfarawayorhowbusytheyare peoplewilltrytoreturnhomeforthecelebration themid autumnhasitsownspecialfoodjustasothertraditionalchineseholidays peopleeatmooncakeswithfillingssuchassugarandeggs theroundshapeofthecakemakesitlooklikethefullmoon thefullmoonandmooncakesstandforfamilyreunion 团聚 withthebeautifulmoonupinthesky peoplesittogether enjoythefullmoon eatmooncakesandfruits sharethestories andexpressthebestwishesforthefamilymembersandfriendswholiveafar 1 whywasthemid autumnfestivalaharvestfestivalinancientchina 不超过10个词 2 whatdothefullmoonandmooncakesstandfor 不超过3个词 3 howdopeoplespendthenightofthemid autumnfestival listatleastthreeactivities 不超过15个词 becausecropswereharvestedduringthatperiod familyreunion peoplesittoget