冠词讲解与练习.doc

冠词讲解与练习冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义，使用极为频繁。冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。a和an的基本含义是“一，一个”，表示泛指，不强调数目观念，只表示名词不是特定的；the的基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义第一节 知识点概述一、不定冠词不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音（不是辅音字母）决定。以元音开头的词前用an，以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用a。例如：辅音字母开头：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man元音或半元音开头：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera值得注意的是：1如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。2如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头，而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。3如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。不定冠词的用法如下：1用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物，如： A dictionary is a useful book. An underground train can start and stop quickly.2说明某人或某东西属于哪一类，如： This is a book. He used to be an engineer.3泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如： A boy is waiting for me.Give me a pen, please.4表示数量，有“一”的意思，如： Behind the house there is a garden. once a week.5用于某些固定词组中，如： a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson二、不定冠词 一.:the 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。 the book in my bag the boy under the tree the apples in the basket the hospital near my home 二：可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。 the books the book the rice the bread the football the old man the interesting book the teachers the women 三：用法： 1）. 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a red skirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。2）. 再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother. 3）. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Open the door，please!请打开门。4）. 用于某些固定词组中。例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5）. 用在形容词前表示一类人。the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人 the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_6）. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.The Greens came to China two years ago .7）. 用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园 the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命 the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中国人民解放军 the Long March 长征8）.用在序数词或形容词最高级前 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class. 9）.世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙） the globe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. 10）.在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世纪80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世纪11）.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。 the Changjang River 长江 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12）.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。13）.不能用定冠词the的几个方面： (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.14）.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别： in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。三、零冠词：一：所谓零冠词，即指不使用冠词的情况：二：用法：1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The desk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle2）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England， China Mary Lilei Mr.Green 3）. 在星期、月份，季节等名词前；Sunday March summer winter 4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this， my，that， those， these， her)如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等5） 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfast play chess play basketball (注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane （注意 如果用介词on 表示乘坐交通工具 必须用a 或an 来表示 如 in a bus on a bike 等）7）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)复习时需要注意的要点（1）在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前，用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所，而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较：at table 就餐at the table 坐在桌边go to school 去上学go to the school 去这个学校in hospital 住院in the hospital 在这家医院go to prison （违法而）进监狱go to the prison 到监狱go to church 做礼拜go to the church 到教堂in class 在课堂上in the class 在班级里（2）在某些词前用不同冠词（定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词），意义大不相同，例如：a little/few 有一点little/few 几乎没有a number of 许多the number of 的数目in front of 在前面in the front of 在前部take place 发生take the place of 代替out of the question 根本不可能out of question 没有问题the most beautiful 最漂亮most beautiful 非常漂亮for a moment 片刻for the moment 暂时第二节 巩固练习I.冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划。 1There is _ picture of _ elephant on _wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4Lets go out for _ walk 5Its too hotOpen _ door，please 6 _ sun rises in _ east 7 _Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 8Are you going to do it _ second time？ 9Washington is _ capital of _ USA 10 _Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street 11He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995 12 _ old man is _ teacher13After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school 14I often watch _ TV in _ evening 15 _ day of _ December 20，1999 is Monday 16I think_ maths is more important than any other subject 17He often goes to _ school by _ bike 18What _ important news！ II.选择填空。 1Does Jim have _ ruler？ Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba；one Ca； Dany；one 2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr Zhaos Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have？ I have _ bookThats _ English book Aa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D 6 _ tiger is _ China AThe；a BA；the CThe；from DThe；the 7We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe； Ca； D； 8 _ useful book it is！ AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _ “s”on the corner of _ handbag Aa；an；the Ba；a；the Can；an；an Dthe；a；a 10._old lady with white hair spoke_English well at_ _meetingAAn；an；a BThe；an CThe；a DThe；the 11 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a 12 _ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River AThe；a BA； CA；the DAn；the 13 _woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school AA；an BThe；a CThe；the DA；the 14He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writer Aa；a Ba；the C；a Da； 15They made him _ king Aa Bthe Can D 16His father is _ English teacherHe works in our school Aa Ban Cthe D 17Is he _ American boy ？ Aan Ba Cone D 18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？ A； B；the Cthe； Da； 19They passed our school _ day before yesterday Aan Bone Ca Dthe 20Australia is _ English-speaking country Aa Ban Cthe D 21She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa；The Ban；The Can；A Dthe；The 22This is _ appleIts _ big apple Aan；a Ba；the Ca；an Dan；the 23Look at _ horse over there Aa Ban Cthe D 24Dont play _ basketball hereIts dangerous Aa Ban C Dthe 25There is _ old woman in the car A Bthe Ca Dan 26Beijing is _ beautiful cityIts _ capital of China Aa；a Bthe；the C；the Da；the 27Shanghai is in _ east of China A Ban Ca Dthe 28Ive been a student there for nearly two and _ half years Aa Ban Cthe D 29Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ football Aa；the Ban；the Ca； Dan； 30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ bus Aan； Ban；a Ca； D；答案与详解 I1a；an；the 2a；an。第一个空的a是泛指，第二个空的an是指“一小时”。 3An；a。这两个空都是泛指，故都用不定冠词。 5a。go out for a walk意为“出去散步”。 6The7The；the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 8The；the，。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。 9a。a second time意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time意为“第二次”。此句填a是表示动作的重复，而不能用the（表顺序）。 9the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 10The。“the 姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 11the；。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。 12The a；。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。 13a。三餐名称前若有形容词，则可在形容词前加冠词，此处是泛指，故用a。14；the。TV前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠