高中名词性从句讲解与练习.doc

名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。一引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。二.名词性从句的分类如下（1） 主语从句主语从句的句型.引导词有疑问词wh-及whether/if及that.1、主语从句在复合句作主语。疑问词引导e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。3、If/whether 引导e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.4It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名词词组（no wonder,an honor , a good thing,a pity,etc)+that从句e.g. Its certain that she will do well in the exam/Its no surprise that our team has won the game.5It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that从句e.g. Its said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Note:that引导主语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略，但that从句置于开头时不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（2） 表语从句表语从句的句型及要点 。引导词疑问词wh-及whether及that.1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。疑问词引导的：e.g. The question was who could go there.Note: 引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省去。e.g. My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work. 连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他（三）宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导词有疑问词wh-及whether、if(if 和whether 有区别）及that.引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.Note:以下情况that不可省略：(不考查）1. 当宾语从句的主语是that时。2. 2.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时 Father promised that I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.3.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。4当that偶尔作except和in的宾语时。 This book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index. 中，that it lacks a good index就是介词 in 的宾语从句，这当中的that就不能省略。（4） 同位语从句。引导词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句引导词有疑问词wh-及whether及that.（高考不作考查）同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名词性从句易混知识归纳易混点一 ：同位语从句与定语从句的区别that引导的从句，是定语从句还是同位语从句，我们我们采用“试加 法”，来判断。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.1. when、where、why引导的从句引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但引导同位语从句时，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示什么时候，where表示哪儿，引导两种从句时，都在从句中做状语。如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing . 句中的when相当于“on the day”它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义，因此是定语从句。I have no idea when she will be back . when与idea毫无意义上的关联，其意思是“什么时候”,因而是同位语从句。易混点二：reason后面的名词性从句reason做主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导，一般不用because或why，而用it，this或that做主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。1.“The reason +连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是：理由是：。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+why引导的定语从句。本句型意为：这就是。的原因（理由）That is the reason why he failed in the contest,3. It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+because引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这是因为。；这是由于。的缘故。That was because he fell ill.4. It（或This、That）+连系动词+why引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这就是。的原因。That was why he fell ill.易混点三：what、whatever、who、whoever等引导的名词性从句我们可以通过与定语从句的转化知道两组在意义上的差别。Whatever=anything that（无论什么）Whoever=anyone who（无论谁）Whenever=any time=no matter when（无论何时）Wherever=any place=no matter where（无论何地）这都是泛指。而what、who、when、where则是特指。如：Who spoke at the meeting is unknownThe person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意：1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引导主语从句、宾语或表语从句，也可以引导状语从句，等于“no matter +疑问词”。而no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 Eg：Whatever I said/No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.2whoever的宾格还是whoever，一般不用whomever。易混点 whether与if（不做考查）二者都可以作“是否”讲，能引导名词性从句，都不能省略。1. 在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop.2. 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether，不用if。如：The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasnt been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.但如果主语从句是有It用作形式主语，if和whether都可以It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3宾语从句中，如果whether后紧跟or not，不用换做if；若whether与or not分开使用，则可以换作if。如：I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I dont know whetherif I can come or not.4.若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if，而不用whether。如：I dont care if he doesnt show up.（炫耀）5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用whether，而不用if。如：I havent settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.练习：名词性从句一、选择填空：1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./C. howD. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done itB. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do nextB. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated on B. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate on D. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you needB. what do you need C. whatever you needD. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learnedB. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achievedB. had what she achievedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that23. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A. what you did B. that you had done C. that what you did D. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. whatB. thatC. which D./25. From _ I should say he is a good worker.A. what 1 know of himB. that I do know of himC. what do I know of himD. that do I know of him26. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. anyoneC. whoeverD. someone27._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Where28. _ was said here must be kept secret.A. Who B. The thingC. Whatever D. Where29. It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. when31. It is strange _ she have left without saying a word.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how32. It is very clear _ our policy is a correct one.A. whatB. thatC. why D. where33. _ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A. That B. WhenC. WhatD. Whether36. Its a great pity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time.A. when B. thatC. why D. where37. It happened _ I wasnt there that day.A. when B. whyC. where D. that38._ you have done might do harm to other people.A. What B. ThatC. Which D. The things39. _ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A. Anyone B. The personC. Whoever D.Who40._ the 2000 Olympic Games wont be held in Beijing is known to all.A. Whether B. IfC. Whenever D. That 41. _ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A. That B. WhoeverC. Whether D. Whether or not42. _ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A. What B. WhetherC. ThatD. Whatever43. Has it been announced _?A. when are the planes to take offB. that are the planes to take offC. where are the planes to take offD. when the planes are to take off44. That is _ we all support his idea.A. whatB. whyC. whereD. when45. Thats _ we should do.A. thatB. whatC. howD. why46. _ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he saidA. What; that; whatB. What; what; what C. That; that; whatD. Why; that; which47. Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. whenB. whyC. thatD. what48. Thats _ I want to say.A. all whatB. whatC. all whichD. what that49. Thats _ .A. where our differences lieB. our differences lie thereC. where do our differences lieD. that where our differences lie50. That is _ .A. where lived he thereB. where did he liveC. where he livedD. that where he lived53. Thats_.A. how did I become a teacherB. how I became a teacherC. how a teacher I becameD. that I became a teacher54. They are just _.A. that what shall I haveB. what shall I haveC. that I shall have whatD. what I shall have55. It looked _.A. as if it was going to rainB. that as if it was going to rainC. as if was it going to rainD. as if that it was going to rain56. Thats_.A. how she did itB. that how did she do it. C. how did she do itD. what she did it57. That is _ we decided to put the discussion off.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. why58. Thats _ I lived when I was ten years old.A. whereB. at whichC. there whereD. when59. My suggestion is _ we should send a few comrades to help them.A. if B. thatC. when thatD. that where60. The idea _ all people are selfish is wrong.A. whatB. thatC. why D. if61. We heard the news _ our team had won.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. why62. The fact _ he hadnt said anything surprised us all. A. whyB. ifC. thatD. whether63.I have no idea _ she will be back.A. thatB. whereC. that whenD. when64. We must keep in mind the fact _ China is still a developing country.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. when65. They have no idea at all _A. where he has goneB. where did he go C. where has he goneD. which place he has gone高考真题：2011年高考1. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom2. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. A. why B. that C.which D. What3. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C.where D. why 4. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which5. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why6. Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where7. When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because8. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem is.A.what B.that C.which D.why9. Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money.A. why B. when C. which D. what10. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.A. this B. that C. what D. which11. It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whether B. when C. which D. where 12. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever13. Our teachers always tell us to belive in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A. why B. how C. what D. which14. There is clear evidence_ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret（表达） is bodily pain.A. what B. if C. how D.that2012年高考 1. It is by no means(绝不） clear _ the president can do to end the strike.A. how B.which C.that D.what2. The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.A. when B.that C.whether D.how3. I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whether B.what C.that D.how4. We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a phone taken with the movie star.A. who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever5. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _ he reaches the limits will depend on his environment.A. where B.whether C.that D.why6. It doesnt matter_ you turn right or left at the crossing- both roads lead to the park.A. whether B.how C.if D.when7. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever B.however C.whatever D.whichever8. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A. whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.wherever9. It suddenly occurred to him（他突然想到）_ he had left keys in the office