完形填空讲解.doc

高考英语考试中，完形填空失分率算是比较高的一类题，因为完形填空同事要考察阅读能力和语法词汇。今天分享一些英语完形填空高分技巧。高考英语完形填空题被大多数考生认为是比较难的题型。从高一到高三做过的完形填空题应该是够多的了。可是考生完形填空的能力就是没怎么提高。按理来说。做过许多题目，也就是经过了大量的训练，效果应该是不错的，可事实却相反。出现这种情况的原因，一般是训练方法上出了问题。其实，要提高完形填空的成绩并不是完全靠解题技巧。而是要靠平时有效的训练。许多考生平时做了大量的完形填空的练习，可是由于练习不到位，即所进行的训练不是有效的训练，因此效果不佳。就完形填空题的“训练”而言。一般师生的做法就是分两步走学生做、老师讲，仅此而已，没有更深入的训练。这样做效果当然不会很好。完形填空做不好的原因主要有：1、文章理解不深刻;2、做题方法不正确;3、训练方法不得当。很多同学在做完形填空时没有先读懂文章，或者理解不深刻之前就开始填空，甚至没读完一遍就直接填空。这是出错的主要原因。要保证有较高的正确率，考生就必须深刻地理解短文。要深刻地理解短文，考生就必须保证有足够的时间阅读文章。做一篇完形填空的时间应不少于15分钟，当然也不能多于20分钟。很多考生做完形填空10分钟就做完了，这样是不会有很高的正确率的。为了使同学们在完形填空上有重大的突破，本文建议大家用“练、核、填、读”这“四字诀”来进行高考完形填空的备考。练这里所说的“练”指的是“做题”。做完形填空题一定要使用正确的方法。完形填空做题的基本原则是“先读懂文章，再完成空格”，即所谓的“先完其意而后完其形”。对文章整体的理解是做好完形填空的前提和基础。对一篇文章理解得越透彻，完形填空就会做得越好。如果对文章的意思理解不到位或有偏差。做完形填空可能就成了“猜谜语”。很多学生每次做完形填空时就是靠“猜”的，这样做题做得再多也没什么效果。做什么样的完形填空题效果较好呢?要想效果好，建议大家用高考真题中的完形填空进行训练，因为高考完形填空的选材、命题等方面都是比较合理的。多做高考真题能够很好地把握高考的命题特点和趋势，能够最有效地应付完形填空这类试题。每周做23篇高考完形填空真题，坚持做几十篇后。效果就出来了。第一步：跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。第一遍读文章时不要做题，而是跳过空格，通读试题所给的要填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。平时自己做题时，如果读一遍读不懂，那就读两遍，读两遍还是读不懂，那就再读一遍。一定要记住“读不懂文章不要做题”，因为没有理解文章做了也是白做，既浪费时间又浪费精力，还自欺欺人，危害不小。总之，一定要在理解短文意思的基础上才能开始做题。另外，读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句，因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南”，可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一段，往往是故事发展的结果，所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示，或是对全篇文章的概括。因此，先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。第二步：结合选项，综合考虑，初选答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合所给备选项再次细读全文。联系上、下文内容。注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示。以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构人手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。有把握的先做，没有把握的“跳过”。第三步：先易后难，瞻前顾后，各个击破。对比较明显、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，自然就会降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。值得一提的是，近年来的高考完形填空，已很少有纯粹的语法题材。完形填空主要考查考生根据不完整的上下文，推断出文段发展走向的逻辑思维能力，其考查的重点不是语法和词法的知识。任何一篇文章的句子结构和内容上不会孤立存在，句子与句子之间是有很强的逻辑关系的。因此，必须借助上下文的一些暗示才能正确解题。第四步：复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。做完所有的空格后，把所选的答案补入空格中，把文章通读一遍，逐空认真复查，看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法，发现误选的答案或有疑问的、不清楚的答案，再次推敲，作出修正。核这里所说的“核”指的是“核对答案”。核对答案时要注意根据上下文的逻辑来做题这一精髓。核对答案后要特别注意做错的题目，分析做错的原因，这样可以避免今后再犯同样的错误。这一步相信大家都很清楚，这里就不再多作说明。填这里所说的“填”，指的是“填空”，即不看答案，考生自己再读文章，利用上下文的逻辑关系，根据先易后难的原则，把空格补充完整。这种填空的训练有利于培养考生良好的思维习惯，有利于训练考生的逻辑思维能力，有利于提高考生的“断句恢复能力”，有利于加强考生的语篇理解和把握能力以及词语的应用能力。考生每周应坚持做23道高考真题的完形填空。经过几个月的训练后，考生完形填空的做题能力肯定会大大提高。另外，这样“填空”的训练也可利用高三的课文中的“选词填空”进行。训练的时候建议大家把给出的词语蒙住不看，自己来填空。读这里所说的“读”指的是“熟读”。填好的短文要读5遍以上，达到熟练的程度。熟读的目的是培养语感，积累语言材料。语感形成了，头脑中积累的语言材料丰富了之后，完形填空的做题能力在无形中也就有效地提高了。Cloze 1 2013课标 题材：人物故事词数：206Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets 1him， especially those who are_2_。For those people， he is Gloves” Greenberg. How did he get that_3_? He looks like any other businessman， wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase(公文箱)。 But hes_4_。 His briefcase always has some gloves.In winter， Mr. Greenberg does not_5_ like other New Yorkers， who look at the sidewalk and_6_ the street. He looks around at _7_。 He stops when he_8_ someone with no gloves. He gives them a pair and then he_9_， looking for more people with cold _10_。On winter days， Mr. Greenberg _11_ gloves. During the rest of the year，he_12_ gloves. People who have heard about him_13_him gloves， and he has many in his apartment.Mr. Greenberg_14_ doing this 21 years ago. Now， many poor New Yorkers know him and_15_ his behavior. But people who dont know him are sometimes_16_ him. They dont realize that he just wants to make them_17_。It runs in the_18_。 Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the _19_。 A pair of gloves may be a_20_ thing，but it can make a big difference in winter.1. A. know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after2. A. old B. busy C. kind D. poor3. A. job B. name C. chance D. message4. A. calm B. different C. crazy D. curious5. A. act B. sound C. feel D. dress6. A. cross over B. drive along C. hurry down D. keep off7. A. cars B. people C. street numbers D. traffic lights8. A. helps B. chooses C. greets D. sees9. A. holds up B. hangs out C. moves on D. turns around10. A. hands B. ears C. faces D. eyes11. A. searches for B. stores up C. gives away D. puts on12. A. borrows B. sells C. returns D. buys13. A. call B. send C. lend D. show14. A. delayed B. remembered C. began D. enjoyed15. A. understand B. dislike C. study D. excuse16. A. sorry for B. satisfied with C. proud of D. surprised by17. A. smart B. rich C. special D. happy18. A. city B. family C. neighborhood D. company19. A. honor B. pain C. same D. cold20. A. small B. useful C. delightful D. comfortingCloze 22013北京题材：个人情况与日常活动词数：370A Leap(跳跃)to HonorLeaping on a narrow balance beam (平衡木) is not easy. But Lola Walter， a 13-year-old gymnast， is an expert at it.To perfect her skills， Lola_1_for four hours a day， five days a week. At the state championships in March， she finished seventh out of 16 girls.Thats especially impressive，_2_ she is legally blind， born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift(移动) constantly. She often sees double and cant_3_how far away things are.When she was little， her mom_4_ that even though she couldnt see_5_， she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the_6_right away and gymnastics became her favorite.Though learning gymnastics has been more_7_for her than for some of her teammates， she has never quit. She doesnt let her_8_stop her from doing anything that she wants to.She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest _9_ is the balance beam. Because she has double vision， she often sees two beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. You have to_10_ your mind that itll take you where you want to go，” says Lola.To be a top-level gymnast， one must be brave. The beam is probably the most _11_for anyone because its four inches wide. At the state competition， Lola didnt fall_12_ the beam. In fact， she got an 8.1 out of 10-her highest score yet.Lola doesnt want to be_13_ differently from the other girls on her team. At competitions， the judges dont know about her vision _14_。 She doesnt tell them， because she doesnt think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her_15_ attitude.Lola never thinks about_16_。 She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her_17_ is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what shes learned to other kids_18_she grows up.Lola is_19_ of all her hard work and success. She says its helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics too. Her_20_for others is“just believe in yourself.”1. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances2. A. since B. unless C. after D. though3. A. tell B. guess C. assume D. predict4. A. suspected B. remembered C. imagined D. noticed5. A. deeply B. well C. ahead D. closely6. A. task B. sport C. event D. show7. A. boring B. enjoyable C. difficult D. satisfactory8. A. talent B. quality C. nature D. condition9. A. doubt B. advantage C. challenge D. progress10. A. examine B. express C. open D. trust11. A. fearful B. harmful C. unfair D. inconvenient12. A. to B. on C. off D. against13. A. greeted B. treated C. served D. paid14. A. pains B. stresses C. injuries D. problems15. A. positive B. friendly C. flexible D. cautious16. A. defending B. quitting C. winning D. bargaining17. A. standard B. range C. view D. goal18. A. until B. as C. when D. before19. A. proud B. tired C. ashamed D. confident20. A. plan B. advice C. reward D. responsibilityCloze 1语篇解读本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。每当寒冷的冬季来临，Michael Greenberg都会走上街头，为穷人送上温暖的手套。他的故事诠释了那句话予人玫瑰，手有余香。1.A根据下文可知，Michael Greenberg常在冬季走上街头，为穷人发放手套，由此推断这里指街上的人认识(know about)他。2.D下文14空后many poor New Yorkers know him提示答案选D.3.B 这里that name指代上文人们给Michael Greenberg起的昵称“Gloves”Greenberg.4.B连词but提示上下文之间存在转折关系，由此可知，Greenberg和上文提及的其他商人有所不同。5.A根据下文的动作描写可判断出，这里指Greenberg先生的行为举止(act)和其他的纽约人不一样。6.C hurry down the street匆匆忙忙沿着街道过去，指那些和Greenberg先生不同的人从街道过去的情形，符合上下文语境。7.BGreenberg先生是在寻找没有戴手套的人，故答案选B.8.D当他看到(see)没有手套的人就会停下来。9.C由下文looking for more people提示可知，Greenberg先生在送出手套后，会继续前行(move on)寻找更多的没有手套的人。10.A这里与上文with no gloves相对应，没有手套的人自然是双手冰冷的人。11.C在冬天，Greenberg先生分发手套。give away分发，赠送;search for寻找;store up储藏;put on上演，穿上。12.D根据下文he has many in his apartment可知，这里指在一年中的其他时间，Greenberg先生会囤积手套以便冬天可以发放，故选项中buy(购买)符合语境。13.B听说过他事迹的人就会给他寄来手套。14.CGreenberg先生是在21年前开始(begin)做这件事的。15.A现在很多纽约的穷人认识他，并理解(understand)他的行为。16.D但是不认识他的人有时就会对他的举动感到惊讶。17.D他们没有意识到他只是想让他们快乐。18空后it made everyone happier给出提示。18.B根据下文提及的Michael的父亲助人为乐的事迹可知，这里指 Michael的家庭环境也是如此。19.C Michael和父亲的感觉是一样的，都相信帮助穷人会给他们带来快乐。20.A句意：一副手套可能只是一件小事情，但是它却在冬季有着重大影响。but提示上下文之间存在转折关系，big的反义词是small.Cloze 2语篇解读本文为记叙文，题材为个人情况与日常活动。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Lola的小姑娘虽然视力有问题，却坚持练体操，她始终相信自己，从不轻言放弃。1.C根据文章开头可知Lola是练平衡木的，为了使