动词时态(讲解).doc

动词时态1. 动词常用时态1) 一般现在时( The Simple Present Tense ) 表示经常反复发生的动作和真理，表示主语现在的特征和状态。搭配的时间副词有always, often, frequently, usually, sometimes, every day/week/month, occasionally, once a month, once a year, seldom, rarely, never, in the morning/afternoon/evening ,etc. 例如： He usually reads the newspaper in the evening. It never snows here in winter. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. This girl is very clever with her fingers.2) 一般过去时( The Simple Past Tense ) 表示主语过去的特征和状态以及过去某一具体时间发生的动作，在时间，条件状语从句中表示过去将来时。例如： The old lady was a math teacher years ago. Last night I listened to a lecture in the art center. He said he would come to see me if he had time.3) 现在进行时( The Present Continuous Tense ) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或目前阶段正在进行的动作(但说话时不一定在进行)。 例如： They are learning French this term.4) 过去进行时( The Past Continuous Tense ) 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，过去某一时刻往往用时间状语来表示。时间状语可以是短语，也可以是从句。例如： I was watching TV at eight last night. They were having supper when the electricity went out.5) 现在完成时( The Present Perfect Tense )(1) 表示说话前某一时刻发生的动作其结果对现在产生的影响，常用的时间状语有：already, yet, just, this morning 等。例如：I have already seen this film. ( Now I know this film.)I have seen Mr. Lin this morning.(2) 表示从过去某一时刻到说话时这一过程中反复发生的动作或动作发生的次数的总和，常用的时间状语有：often, sometimes, rarely， ever, never, once, twice, 以及so far, up to now, in the past/last few years等。例如：Great changes have taken place in Pudong new area in the past few years. Senior three students have had three tests in English this month.(3) 在句型：It is the first / second / thirdtime that 中， that从句中的谓语动词须用现在完成时。 例如：It is the third time that Mr. Smith has been to China.(4) 表示从过去某一时刻持续到说话时为止的动作或状态，时间状语用“for+一段时间”或“since+某时间。Since引导的时间状语从句，不论用的是延续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时，都表示动作的完成和结束。例如：I havent met her for two weeks.It is/has been three years since Mr. Jackson was in Shanghai.It is/has been three years since Mr. Jackson left America.6) 过去完成时( The Past Perfect Tense )(1) 表示过去某一时间之前已经完成或结束的动作或状态。过去的某一时间通常是由by引导的时间状语或时间状语从句。例如By the time he arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off.By noon we had only covered half the distance.(2) 表示持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态。例如：It had rained for a week by Monday.Up till then they had waited at the bus stop for about half an hour.7) 现在完成进行时( The Present Perfect Continuous Tense )表示从过去某时间开始一直持续到说话时刚停止或还在继续进行的动作。My father has been working in this company since 1990. I have been learning English for ten years.8) 过去完成进行时( The Past Perfect Continuous Tense )表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这一动作可能终止也可能还在继续。例如： He asked what I had been doing in recent years. At last they got the result of the experiment they had been expecting.2. 一般现在时代替一般将来时，现在完成时代替将来完成时。1) 在时间，条件状语从句中，例如：Ill telephone you as soon as I arrive in America.If he doesnt invite me, I wont go to his birthday party.The more you practice, the more fluently you will speak English.Ill lend this novel to you if I have finished reading it. 2) 少数表示动作起止的动词有时可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定，计划或安排要发生的动作。例如： School begins on September 1st. The summer vocation will soon be over. When does the train stop at Beijing? The plane for Hong kong takes off at 9:30 a.m. We start to work tomorrow morning. 注意：上述句子一般都带有表示将来的时间状语。3. 表示将来时的几种形式1) shall / will + 动词原形在英国英语中shall用于第一人称，而美国英语中will也用于第一人称。现在趋向各个人称都用will。2) be going to + 动词原形此结构表示事先打算，有意图要发生的动作（这时，主语多半是人）或表示客观情况下（非主观打算）即将要发生的动作。例如： Im going to spend my summer holidays in the countryside. The dark clouds are gathering. Its going to rain.3) 用现在进行时的形式来表示即将发生的行为，常用的动词有：go, come leave, start, arrive, move, fly, take off等。例如： My cousin is coming here next week. Flight 828 for New York is leaving in ten minute.4) 用be + 动词不定式表示未来的安排或计划。例如： We are to gather at the school gate at eight tomorrow morning. The school sports meet is to be held next Sunday. 此外，be加不定式表示命令，禁止，可能带情态意味时，不能与be going to 互换。例如： You are to finish the task before noon. You are to answer for what you have done. Nobody knows what is to happen next.5) 用be about to + 动词不定式表示即将做的事情。例如： We are about to visit the Art Exhibition. Lets take our seats. The performance is about to begin. He was about to leave when the telephone rang.6) 用过去时的形式来表示现在本应该发生的行为，它出现在下面的句型中： Its time (that) the problem was solved. 是该解决这个问题的时候了。 It is alreadymidnight . Its time we went home.7) 用shall / will be + 现在分词表示将来进行时。 We will be giving the guests a warm welcome at the station. What will you be doing at nine tomorrow morning?8) 用shall / will have + 过去分词表示将来完成时。将来完成时表示到将来某一时间为止将要完成的动作，强调完成。例如： I shall have finished this task before supper. How many words will you have learned by the end of this term?时态特殊用法A. 一般现在时1 主将从现I will pay a visit to my teacher if I have time.By the time he comes back, I will have left Shanghai.The more books you read, the better you will be.2. 规定，时刻表，计划等用一般现在时The K715 train leaves at 9:00. 3. make sure/in case + 一般时态Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.Please make sure that you close all the windows when you leave.Please make sure that all the stuff is prepared before you go travelling.B: 一般过去时（对现在虚拟）1. Its time （that） we had lunch.2. I wish he were my friend.3. If only I were 10 years younger.4. I would rather (that) you told me the news.C. 一般将来时1 be to do : 计划做某事2 be going to do 打算，天气情况3. be about to do sth. 正要做。3 be about to do when 当。的时候正要做I am to travel to South Africa next July.It is going to snow tomorrow.They were about to have a text.He was about to sleep.I was about to leave when telephone rang.D. 现在完成时态1 I havent met my desk mate since 1999/we met last time.2 Its the first time that I have gone abroad.3 This is the 3rd time that he has got the champion.4. It has been/is 10 days since I was a student of Jincai.5 It has been raining for 3 hours. 6. I have been learning English for 10 years.E. 过去完成时1. It/This was the 1st time that 2. hardly/ra