高考英语 阅读理解 暑假练习题（22）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解：2013暑假练习题（22）及答案解析 (第 篇)“luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the american talk show host oprah winfrey. i ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it s probably worth listening to.her point is that blind luck is very rare. you may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. if you re a chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.a book by the uk psychologist richard wiseman, called the luck factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. it s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it s practical advice you can follow each day.wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. first he divided volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. he gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. on average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. why? on the second page of the newspaper, a command, “stop counting. there are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.its easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. they might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. people who are “lucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and dont go through the same routine every day.i first came to china in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. like many foreigners，my plan was to teach english for one year. seven years later, and still here, i ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. i did not dream these would have been possible. i ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. coincidence? after reading about professor wiseman s studies i think not.as wiseman advises, i usually trust my own judgment. your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but its important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.finally, try to turn bad luck into good. even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study english.语篇解读本文为议论文。作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。1which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer s point?a. make the best of a bad job.b. rome was not built in a day.c. all is not gold that glitters.d. a good heart conquers ill fortune.解析推理判断题。make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)”最为接近。故答案为a。rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成”；all is not gold that glitters意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；a good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运”。答案a2what do you know about oprah winfrey?a. she became famous through her family background.b. she was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.c. she is a british talk show host.d. she became successful by her own effort.解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的a self-made billionaire可知美国talk show主持人oprah winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成名的。答案d3the writer quoted the chinese tale of a farmer in order to show_.a. luck is in your own handb. bad luck can turn into goodc. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to youd. man can conquer nature解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。答案c4from the experiment wiseman drew the conclusion that_.a. lucky people are quick-mindedb. unlucky people are slow to readc. lucky people often have an open mindd. unlucky people are more creative解析细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，wiseman通过试验得出结论：“幸运的人”具有开放的心态，做事不墨守成规。答案c5the underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“_”a. recognize b. markc. locate d. receive解析词义猜测题。根据上文语境及the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message可知spot在句中用作及物动词，是“发现，识别”之意。答案a长难句解读you may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you.but前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中不定式短语to find a good job用作结果状语。第二个分句含有一个宾语从句，现在分词短语waiting for the opportunity to come to you作伴随状语。*结束 (第 篇)can you believe your eyes? a recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.martin doherty, a psychologist at the university of stirling in scotland, led the team of scientists. in this experiment, doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. the researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. the first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.the first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. one of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. heres where the trick lies in. in some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. and the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.when young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they werent fooledthey were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.as children get older, doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. in other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. as a result, theyre more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.1. doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate_.a. childrens and adults eye-sightb. peoples ability to see accuratelyc. childrens and adults brainsd. the influence of peoples age解析考查细节理解能力。第二段第二行可以得出结论。答案b2. when asked to find the larger circle，_.a. children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones aroundb. only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones aroundc. children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones aroundd. adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around解析考查细节理解能力。第三段清晰地说明了辨别圆圈的比例。答案c3. according to the passage, we can know that_.a. a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white backgroundb. an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same sizec. a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real sized. a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size解析考查细节理解能力，对第四段整体的理解和第五段最后一句可以得出答案。答案d4. visual context may work when children get older than_.a. 4 b. 6c. 10 d. 18解析考查推理判断能力。从第五段和第六段第一句判断得出答案。答案b5. why are younger children not fooled?a. because they are smarter than older children and adults.b. because older people are influenced by their experience.c. because peoples eyes become weaker as they grow older.d. because their brain can hardly notice related things together.解析考查推理判断能力。第四、五、六段提及到46岁小孩和6岁以上小孩的区别是判断的依据。答案d*结束（a）（文章选自china daily，略有删减，题目原创）people being tested for radiation exposure the crisis at the damaged fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station in northern japan has raised worries about radiation risks. we spoke tuesday with jonathan links, an expert in radiation health sciences. he is a professor at the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health in maryland.professor links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation.jonathan links: of course, we dont know what doses theyve received, but the only persons at risk of acute radiation effects are the workers.for other people, he says, there may be a long-term worry. people can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.professor links says scientists can use computers to quickly model where radioactive material has blown and settled. then they measure how large an area is contaminated. he says if the situation is serious enough, officials could take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the water.jonathan links: but that would only be the case if there was a significant release and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables.the reactors at fukushima are on the pacific coast. but professor links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking into the ocean.jonathan links: even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution. so the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low.japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. that memory fromworld war two would create a stronger psychological sensitivity to radiation exposure, professors links says.next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at chernobyl in ukraine. the nineteen eighty-six event was the worlds worst accident in the nuclear power industry.a new united nations report says more than six thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been found. these are in people who were children in affected areas of belarus, russia and ukraine. the report says that by two thousand five the cancers had resulted in fifteen deaths.the cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated milk. the milk came from cows that ate grass where radioactive material had fallen.to get the latest updates, go to . contributing: james brooke41the passage mainly tells us _.a. what measures the japan government takes to solve the nuclear crisis .b. worries and influences caused by the nuclear crisis .c. with great efforts of scientists , the japan government has put the nuclear crisis under control .d. to explain that the nuclear crisis has less effect on its neighboring countries.42which of the following is not the influences caused by the leak of fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station?a. workers at the nuclear station are suffering the risk of death .b. people can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.c. the radioactive material may be blown over the area causing the pollution to water .d. the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater can not be diluted.43. whats the meaning of the underlined word “dilution”?a. chemical b. salt c. dissolutiond. release44. according to the passage which of the following is not true ?a. water people drink ,food and vegetables people eat may be polluted by nuclear radiation .b. japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it.c. you can go to . to get the latest news .d. the nuclear accident in japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry. a篇内容提要： 该文讲述的是日本大地震所引起的海啸造成了，日本福岛核电站的损毁，并造成了核辐射。这引起了日本人民及全世界人民的深切关注。作者引用科学家的观点解读了日本福岛核事故对日本乃至周边国家所造成的影响。41b 本题主要考查对文章主要意思的概括和把握。a c d 几个选项都与文章原文不符，这篇文章主要人们对日本核辐射事故的关注和担心。42d 本题是对文章细节的考查。a b c 选项在文章当中都有提及。“professor links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation.”“ people can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.”“ the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables.”由文中“jonathan links: even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution.”可知海水可以对核物质起到稀释作用，故选d。43c 根据下文“so the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low.”可知与dilution 的意思最接近的应该是dissolve 溶解。44d 本题考查文章的细节。根据文章倒数第五段“next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at chernobyl in ukraine. the nineteen eighty-six event was the worlds worst accident in the nuclear power industry.” 切尔诺贝利核电事故是核电使上最严重的事故。*结束（a）（根据雅虎网站广告原创命题）new york city hotels1. the plaza midtown, new york, new yorkhotel class check rates from $866/nightnow what was expected by walt, 8/10/10 well the plaza is the only way to go right? wrong. the room was incredibly tiny and we even upgraded to a larger room. i would hate to see what the smaller rooms were like. we had to wait over 3 hours to get checked in as they were running behind more map details add to trip reviews(117)2. doubletree guest suites times square-new york city theatre district, new york, new yorkhotel class check rates from $507/night timer of our lives by a yahoo! contributor, 2/14/11 we loved it here, it is close to everything. this was the first time my family had been to nyc and can not wait to go