广东省深圳市学八年级英语下册 Chapter 34基础知识归纳与练习 牛津深圳版.doc

chapter3-4基础知识归纳与练习单词归纳与练习n.environment, atmosphere, sunlight, warmth, heat, level, flood, countryside, result, choice, pop, director, protection, state, organization, trip, thought, exchange, host, aim, government, situation, scholarship, sightseeing, tour, information, detail, arrival, steam, view, passport, square, climate, geography, flight, preference, cause, soilv.absorb, act, create, reach, prefer, solve, move, improveadj.lifeless educational, confidentadv.deeplyconj.although【练一练】i根据句意及汉语提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺。1. we should take action to _ (改善) the environment.2. ann passed the english examination, and she became more _ (自信的).3. when it rains, _ (土壤) can absorb water.4. every citizen should try his or her best to change the _ (形势) of water pollution.5. we can use computers to search for much _ (信息).6. mr steven is the _ (主人) of the beautiful house.7. the _ (气候) in the uk is quite different from that in china.8. my _ (航班) number is ba26.9. _ (地理) can help us learn about the earth.10. lily hopes to get the _ (奖学金) of this semester.ii根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11. the big fire was _ (cause) by a burning cigarette end.12. you can express your _ (prefer).13. toms father is a school _ (direct).14. she has french government _ (protect).15. we felt the _ (warm) of the sun after we climbed to the top of the mountain.16. the manager of this company was well _ (education).17. why do you hide your _ (think) from me?18. we were all _ (deep) touched by the movie.19. if youre interested in the job, ill send you all the _ (detail).20. his _ (arrive) brought complete silence to the room. 跟据句意及首字母提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺。21. nowadays, people can only enjoy the fresh air in the c _.22. the sun gives out h _ and light.23. which would you p _, tea or coffee?24. tom is very crazy about the p _ music.25. the v _ in the park is very beautiful.26. i will never forget the t _ to shanghai.27. the a _ of the activity is to help educate your naughty son.28. jenny forgot her p _ at home when she left for the airport.29. we saw a l _ dog lying at the corner of the street when we parked there yesterday. 30. sunglasses can protect our eyes from strong s_.词组归纳与练习1mountains of 许多；大量2in the form of. 以的形式3all the way 一路上；自始至终4take action 采取行动5in case 万一；如果6. look forward to 期待7keep in touch 保持联系8the same as 和一样9be moved by 被感动10. be in danger 处于危险中11. give a talk 作报告；作演讲12. throwaway 把扔掉13. take a photo of. 为拍照14. sightseeing tour 观光旅游15. put on weight 增肥16. environmentally friendly 环境友好型的17. in order to 为了18. deal with 处理【练一练】i从以上所归纳的词组中选择合适的词组填空，注意用其适当形式。1. our environment has become worse, so our government must _ now.2. she often _ with her friends by writing emails.3. we have _ homework to do in summer holiday.4. many singers try to help the poor _ a charity concert.5. ive been invited _ about how to protect our environment.6. her children were _ yesterday morning because their house was on fire.7. i_ by what he said at the meeting.8. here are some useful books. dont _.9. though tom is _ age _ me, we have different hobbies.10. tom went to the eiffel tower and _ it.ii根据汉语意思及英文提示补全句子，使句子完整、通顺。11. 他们在日本进行了为期一周的观光旅行。 they had a _ for a week in japan.12. 一路上她什么都没说。she said nothing _.13. 出门时请带把伞以防天下雨。 please take an umbrella with you _.14. 别吃太多了，否则这会使你体重增加的。 dont eat too much, or it will make you _.15. 我期待你的回信。 im _ hearing from you.16. 汤姆正努力学习来提高他的英语。 _ improve his english, tom is working hard.17. 不要着急，我会着手处理它。 dont worry. i will _ it.18. 为了创造一个环境友好型的世界，每个国家都应该采取行动。 in order to create an _ world, every country should take action.句型归纳与练习1preferto 宁愿也不愿2. keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事3in order that 为了4be harmful to 对有害5be grateful to sb 对某人表示感激6be enough to 足够做；足以做7take sth with sb 某人带着某物【练一练】根据中文意思补全句子。1在如此糟糕的环境下，它们宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。 they _ to going out in such a bad situation.2晚上别吃太多，因为这对你的身体健康有害。 dont eat too much at night, because _ your health.3他尽力不让这个婴儿哭。he tried to keep the baby _.4对我们来说这些食物足够吃了。 the food should _ for us to eat.5为了保持健康，皮特一周打五次篮球。 peter plays basketball five times a week _ he can keep fit.6这位老人很感激那个年轻人的帮助。 the old man _ the young man for his help.7他经常带着相机到处旅行。 he always _ to travel everywhere.语法归纳与练习语法一： why的用法 why表示“为什么”，一般用来表示向对方问及原因。下面我们先通过做题了解一下所掌握的知识点。【练习导航】( ) 1. - _ dont you go to the park with us? - because my mother is ill, i have to look after her at home. a. what b. how c. why d. where【答案与解析】答案为c。考查why的用法。当why表示“为什么”时，一般用because回答。( ) 2. the reason _ he was late is that an accident happened on the street. a. because b. why c. so d. how【答案与解析】答案为b。考查why的用法。句意：他迟到的原因是大街上发生了一起事故。( ) 3. you didnt come to the party on time, and thats _ she was so angry with you. a. because b. why c. that d. so【答案与解析】答案为b。考查why的用法。句意：你没能准时到达聚会，那是她为什么如此生你气的原因。【指点迷津】当why表“为什么“时，一般是向对方问及原因。在这种情况下一般要用because回答。 eg. - why were you late? 你为什么迟到？ - because there was a traffic jam. 因为塞车了。当why表示说明理由，“的原因”时，一般用于表语从句、定语从句等从句中。thats why， “这就是的原因”；the reason why，“原因是”。 eg. thats why i left so early。 这就是我早早离去的原因。 eg. the reason why i left was that i felt not very well. 我离去的原因是我感觉不是很舒服。【练一练】i选择最佳答案。( ) 1. - what a nice day！_ not go out for a picnic? - good idea. a. why b. what c. how d. where( ) 2. - why should i wear thick clothes today, mum? - _.a. because you look well. b. yes, you should. c. because its cold outside. d. i dont think so.( ) 3. - i drove to zhuhai for holiday. - was that _ you were not at home? a. why b. when c. what d. where( ) 4. he was ill yesterday, and that was _ he didnt attend the meeting. a. because b. why c. so d. that( ) 5. the reason _ they didnt go out for a picnic was that a big storm came suddenly. a. when b. where c. why d. what语法二： 比较事物的基本句型 我们将主要讲解比较事物用原级表示时常用的句型结构以及用like, the same as和different from等句型表示事物之间的比较关系的句型结构。先通过练习题进行回顾和了解所掌握的知识点。【练习导航】( ) 1. - jenny, your skirt is _ mine! - yes. i think you also bought it in the shopping mall near our school. a. the same as b. different from c. as d. same as【答案与解析】答案为a。考查the same as的用法。句意：珍妮，你的裙子和我的一样！一是的，我想你也是在学校附近的商场买的吧。( ) 2. the little child is _ his mother in looks. a. like b. as c. same as d. likes【答案与解析】答案为a。考查like的用法。like作为介词表示“一事物与另一事物相像”。句意：这个小孩跟他的妈妈长得像。( ) 3. this room is twice _ large _ that one. a. morethan b. asas c. moreas d. asmore【答案与解析】答案为b。考查原级句型结构“a+be+（倍数）+as+形容词原级+ as +b”。句意：这个房间的大小是那个房间的二倍。( ) 4. - im going to korea for my holiday. how about you? - oh, my plan is _ yours. im going to switzerland. a. the same as b. different from c. like d. as【答案与解析】答案为b。考查the same as，different from，like三者比较句型的用法。根据题干逻辑关系推断则可得出正确答案。【指点迷津】原级常用的句型结构为“a+be+(倍数)+ as+形容词原级+as +b”，表示“a和b程 度相同”或“a是b的几倍”。 eg. tom is as old as kate. 汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。 tom is twice as old as kate. 汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“a+ be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as +b”表示“a不如b”。 eg. this room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“a+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as +b”表示“a和b程度相当”。 eg. tom eats as much as henry. 汤姆和亨利吃的一样多。“a+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+ as +b”表示“a不如b”。 eg. he doesnt walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。当我们要表达“某一事物与另一事物相同”时，用“a is the same as b”句型；当我们要表达“某一事物和另一事物不同”时，用“a is different from b”句型；当我们要表达“某一事物与另一事物相像”时，用“a is like b”句型。 eg. my watch is the same as yours. 我的手表和你的一样。 toms coat is different from nicks. 沥姆的外套和尼克的不一样。 mr wangs car is like my fathers. 王先生的轿车和我爸爸的相像。【练一练】i选择最佳答案。( ) 6. when we talk with other people, we should speak _. a. as polite as possible b. as politely as possible c. so polite as possible d. so politely as possible( ) 7. -i dont think lily is as _ as lucy, though they are twins. - i agree with you, and lucy looks more beautiful. a. tall b. taller c. tallest d. shorter( ) 8. though dora is _ her friends, she knows more than others. a. as good like b. as good as c. so good as d. as young as( ) 9. - why dont you think the air now is _ that 20 years ago? - _ its badly polluted by waste gases. a. as good as; though b. as well as; because c. as good as; because d. as well as; though( ) 10. - now most teenagers dont like to talk with their parents. - yes, but i am _ them. i like to talk with my parents_ they can give me valuable suggestions. a. different from; though b. the same as; though c. the same as; because d. different from; because语法三： 目的状语从句和结果状语从句的用法 由so that, in order that引导的句子叫做目的状语从句。在目的状语从句中我们经常使用can, may, will和shall（现在时态），以及could, might, would和should（过去时态）等情态动词。我们先通过做题来了解一下所掌握的知识点。【练习导航】( ) 1. the man eats five bowls of rice a day to keep strong. (同义句转换) the man eats five bowls of rice a day _ _ he can keep strong.【答案与解析】答案为so that。考查so that引导的目的状语从句的用法。句意：为了保持身体强壮，这个男人每天吃五碗米饭。( ) 2. i often go to bed early in order to get up early in the morning. (同义句转换) i often go to bed early _ _ _ i can get up early in the morning.【答案与解析】答案为in order that。考查in order that引导的目的状语从句的用法。in order that=in order to。句意：我经常晚上睡得早是为了早晨早点起床。 由so/suchthat引导的句子叫做结果状语从句。我们先通过做题来了解一下所掌握的知识点。【练习导航】( ) 3. he was _ tired _ he went to bed at 9 oclock. a. too; to b. enough; to c. such; that d. so; that【答案与解析】答案为d。考查sothat引导的结果状语从句的用法。句意：他太累了，从至于他九点钟就去睡觉了。( ) 4. its _ difficult problem that few students can solve it. a. so b. such c. so a d. such a【答案与解析】答案为d。考查suchthat引导的结果状语从句的用法。such+ adj. +n. +that+句子=so +adj.adv. +t hat +句子，因此此句也可表达为“the problem is so difficult that few students can solve it.”。【指点迷津】so thatin order that+句子，表示为了，以便”。 eg. i get up early so thati order that i can catch the early bus. 我早上早起是为了能够赶上早班车。in order to+动词原形，“为了，以便”，相当于“so as to+动词原形”。， eg. i get up early in order to catch the early bus.so + adj.adv. +that=such+ adj. +n. + that，表示“如此以至于”，如“so beautiful a girl=such a beautiful girl”。 eg. he is so clever a boy that he can answer all the questions. he is such a clever boy that he can answer all the questions.【练一练】i根据汉语意思及英文提示补全句子，使句子完整、通顺。11. 科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。 the scientists report was _ instructive _ we were all very excited.12. 我会慢慢跑以便你能赶上我。 i will run slowly _ _ you can catch up with me.13. 天气如此的好，我们都想去公园玩。 its _ nice weather _ all of us want to go to the park.14. 不久我们将会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。 we shall let you know the details soon _ _ _ you can make your arrangemen