普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（湖北卷解析版）(1).doc

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语答案解析本试题卷共16页，81题。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。祝考试顺利注意事项：答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准 考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用统一提供的2b铅笔将答题卡上试 卷类型a后的方框涂黑。选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2b铅笔把答题卡上对 应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上 对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）(略)第二部分：词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。21her_for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.a. motivationb. qualification c. talentd. technique【答案】a【解析】 试题分析：a项表示“动力，激励”；b项为“资格”；c项是“才能，天赋”；d项表示“技巧”。句意上“她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利”。故选a。考点：考查名词辨析及语境理解。22when richard said，“you are much more agreeable and prettier now，joans face turned red at the unexpected_.a. commandb. comparison c. compliment d. contribution【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意上，joan听见richard的出乎意外的话脸变红，而话的内容是“你更加和蔼可亲和漂亮了”，明显是夸赞之言，c项表示的就是“恭维，赞美”，故选c。a项表示的是“命令，要求”；b项表示“比较”；d项表示“贡献”，句意上都不符合。“com-的前缀和con-的前缀单词一直是高考的重点和难点。考点：考查形近名词辨析及语境理解23seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill，but_ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.a. slippedb. skiedc. signalledd. sank【答案】a【解析】试题分析：题目在but链接的句子中有“went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow”即在融化的雪上摔倒了，所以要选择的动词之意与“go down”相同，a表示“滑到”，正符合句意故选a。b项表示滑雪；c项表示“发信号”而d项表示“下沉”之意。考点：考查动词的辨析及语境理解24the old rules have to be_because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.a. developedb. establishedc. observedd. revised【答案】d【解析】试题分析：句意上，老的规则需要被修改因为它们只适合一百年前的状况。a项表示“培养，发展”；b项表示“建立”；c项表示“观察”而d项正是“修改”之意，故选d。考点：考查动词的辨析及语境理解25ive been trying to phone charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; i cant seem to_.a. get throughb. get off c. get in d. get along【答案】a【解析】试题分析：句意上，“我一晚上都在打电话给charles，但是网络肯定有问题，所以我不能接通。短语get through表示“渡过，接通（电话）”之意；get off表示“动身，脱下”；get in 是“取得”之意而get along表示“相处”，故选a。考点：考查动词短语的辨析及语境理解。26is this your necklace, mary? i_it when i was cleaning the bathroom this morning.a. came across b. dealt withc. looked after d. went for【答案】a【解析】试题分析：句意上，“mary，是你的项链吗？我早上打扫浴室的时候看见的。”a项表示“遇见，碰到”；b项表示“处理”；c项表示“照顾”而d项是“主张，努力取得”。故选a。考点：考查动词短语的辨析及语境理解27what was so _about jasmine westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.a. awfulb. essentialc. impressived. obvious【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意上“关于jasmine westland的胜利我们印象很深的就是她光脚获得了马拉松的第一。” awful表示“可怕的，敬畏的”；essential为“根本的”；impressive是“印象深刻的”而obvious是“明显的”意思，故选c。考点：考查形容词的辨析及语境理解。28instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a_smile and let him go.a. cautiousb. gratefulc. tolerantd. wild【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意上，“而不是责备那个打碎花瓶的男孩，她给了他一个_微笑并让他走了。”a项表示“小心的，谨慎的”；b项表示“感激的”；c项表示“容忍的”而d项表示“野蛮的”。根据句意“容忍的”可以用在这，故选c。考点：考查形容词的辨析及语境理解29hardly had sabrina finished her words when albert said_，“dont be so mean， pointing a finger of warning at her.a. dreadfullyb. guiltilyc. indirectlyd. sharply【答案】d【解析】试题分析：句意上，“sabrina 一说完话albert就严厉的说，不要这么吝啬，并手指着她”。根据句意中的“dont be so mean”以及用手指指的动作来看所选的副词的意思肯定是程度上很严肃的。a项表示“可怕地”；b项表示“愧疚的”；c项是“间接地 ”而d表示“尖锐的，严厉的”，故选d。考点：考查副词的辨析及语境理解30check carrots，potatoes, onions and any other vegetables_and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.a. in demandb. in storec. on loand. on sale【答案】b【解析】试题分析：a项表示“需要的”；b项表示“储存的”；c项表示“出借的，共出借的”；d项表示“正出售的”。句意上,“检查胡萝卜，西红柿，洋葱以及其他_的蔬菜，有任何腐烂迹象的要立即使用或扔掉。”此句关键是后面的“使用或扔掉”决定了是“储存的”而不是“供出售的”，因为“出售的东西不会去使用而只能扔掉，故选b。考点：考查介词短语的辨析及语境理解第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出 可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。when our restaurant business failed，we headed north in a camping truck to texas，hoping to have a “fresh start”.at the 31 of palo duro canyon (峡谷）state park，i 32 a job advertisement hiring park hosts. the position offered a 33 ，permanent campsite in the park, and 34 , the hosts served as a link between the parks guests and the rangers (护林人). it was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. we entered the park and i made an 35 for the following day.the park was 36 , so it took us some time to find an available site. that evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks (臭鼠由）walking toward our table. we 37 climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to 38 our camp.having survived that night, we were 39 that everything else would be all right. the next day we met with the people who ran the park. they explained our 40 and gave us a beautiful campsite.that evening, 41 , we learned about the canyon 42 . they were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently，and we lay 43 in the dark until the winds died away.44 the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and 45 the little money my wife 46 by substitute teaching. building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful 47 for a time after our business 48 i thought i might lose my family as well.living in the tiny 49 with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. one evening, standing under a jeweled sky，i found myself 50 for all the hardships. we had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. we had become a family!31. a. backb.edgec. centred. entrance32. a. sponsoredb. publishedc. noticedd. answered33. a. safeb. freec. convenientd. beautiful34. a. in returnb. in timec. in shortd. in turn35. a. attemptb. agreementc. appeald. appointmei36. a. crowdedb. dangerousc. ideald. quiet37. a. repeatedlyb. immediatelyc. eventuallyd. calmly38. a. attackb.leavec. passd. search39. a. satisfiedb. determinedc. confidentd. aware40. a. responsibilitiesb. requirementsc. circumstancesd. conditions41.a. moreoverb. thereforec. meanwhiled. however42. a. windsb. snowsc. woodsd. trails43. a. shakingb. quarrellingc. mourningd. aching44. a. afterb. betweenc. duringd. beyond45. a. give awayb. hand outc. live ond. put aside46. a. borrowedb. earnedc. postedd. raised47. a. businessb. careerc. familyd. image48. a. startedb. failedc.expandedd. declined49. a. truckb. parkc. housed. camp50. a. desperateb. readyc. suitabled. thankful【答案】31d 32c 33b 34a 35d 36a 37b 38b 39c 40a 41d 42a 43a 44c 45c 46b 47c 48b 49a 50d【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在生意失败后和妻子一起前往texas希望能有一个新的开始。在帕罗杜洛峡谷州立公园找到一份作为护林人的工作，通过在此期间生活经历的种种深悟家庭的重要，也顺利地从生意失败的阴影中走出，勇敢地面对生活。31d上下文串联及语境理解。此段的最后有“we entered the park and”可知我们走进公园，所以一开始是在入口处。a 后面；b 边缘；c 中央；d 入口。32c 动词辨析及语境理解。空格后面是一工作广告，所以是作者看见，注意到。a是“赞助”；b“出版”；d“回答”33b上下文串联及语境理解。后面有“a rent-free place”,所以这儿直接用 “free”表“免费的”。34a 介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意上这儿需要的是“公园提供免费的永久的露营地但需要做相应的工作”。a项“作为回报”适合；b “及时”；c简短；d “ 轮流，反过来”。35d 名词辨析与搭配及语境理解。根据下文作者是应征了这份工作并对于接下来的生活有了自己的计划安排。这儿考的是形近词的辨析，a表示“尝试”；b “同意”；c “吸引”；d是“安排，计划”在这类似于“plan”与前面的“make”搭配使用。36a 形容词辨析及语境理解。根据后面的内容“so it took us some time to find an available site ”表示“我们花了一段时间找到合适的地方”所以a “拥挤的”适合。b表示“危险的”；c是“理想的”；d是“安静的”。37b 副词辨析及语境理解。根据前面的内容，有臭鼬过来人是吓的立即爬上了桌子，所以b“立刻地”适合。a表示“重复地”；c表示“最终地”；d是“镇定地”。38b 动词辨析及语境理解。根据上文是吓得爬上桌子几个小时所以是等臭鼬离开。a表示“攻击”；c是“经过”；d是“搜寻”之意。39c形容词辨析及语境理解。根据句意，经过了一晚上除了臭鼬的事情没有别的事，所以是感觉其它的都好，只有c符合。a表示“满意的”；b是“意志坚定的”；d是“意识到”。40a 名词辨析及语境理解。根据上文人们向我们阐述我们所要承担的什么样的责任或任务。b是“要求”；c是“状况”；d是“条件”。41d上下文串联及语境理解。前面刚提到“a beautiful campsite”，后面出现了冰冷的寒风，所以这儿是转折的概念。a表示递进；b表示因果；c表示并列。42a名词辨析及语境理解。下文有“until the winds died away.”，属于上下文原词一栏。d是“小径，小道”的意思。43a 动词辨析及语境理解。根据上下文冰冷的暴风刮了一夜，所以我们躺的地方一直是摇摇晃晃的感觉。b表示“争吵”；c是“哀悼”之意；d是“疼痛”。44c 介词搭配及语境理解。句意上在接下来的几个星期内，所以应该是c项的during；d表示“超越”之意。45c 短语辨析及语境理解。上下文来看是关于用钱的问题，指得是靠不多的钱生活。a表示“捐赠，泄露”；b是“交出”之意；c是“以为生”；d表示“放在一旁”。46b 动词辨析及语境理解。与money的搭配是make或earn，这儿指的是妻子挣到的钱。a表示“借”；c是“张贴”而d是“抚养，筹集，举起”之意。下文有“by substitute teaching”，所以应该是挣钱。47c 名词辨析及语境理解。根据文章最后作者表达的最终建立家庭的情况来看，这儿只能用family,上下对应。a是”生意“；b是 “事业”；d表示的是“形象”。48b 动词辨析及语境理解。根据文章一开始作者介绍的背景知道是生意上的失败。a表示“开始”；c是“扩大”之意；d是“下降，拒绝”。49a 名词辨析及语境理解。上文一直在提到是在我们的卡车里，所以这儿是作者对于这样生活的感受。50d 形容词辨析及语境理解。作者最后对于这样行的生活有感而发，虽然生意失败了，但是却给了作者一个温暖的家，所以这儿的情感更是对困难的一种感激与敬意。a表示“绝望”；b是“准备好了”c表示“适合的”。考点：考查记叙文完形填空第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。abefore i had my son, i spent two years working with children with disabilities. i learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme. i found something that worked, though.there was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him. one day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. his appearance created an atmosphere of tension. he spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property.i was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this boys teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. as we were talking，the boy ran in. i told my co-worker that i would take care of him.i closed the door. he was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. but i could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. he needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. so i sat back down and kept quiet. then he slowed down and began making a rocket. i talked to him about it. we continued like this for a few minutes before i slipped into the conversation:“so what happened today?”it was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. i believe that if i had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. he told me that the teacher didnt let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. he also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. i explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. this again was stated simply as a fact. i suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start，which might be easier for everyone. he agreed and was quiet for a moment. then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.51the boy made trouble for his teacher because he_.a. was accused of destroying propertyb. was told not to yell at other childrenc. was made to do things against his willd. was blamed for creating an air of tension52why didnt the author do anything about the boys bad behavior at first?a. she didnt want to make it worse.b. she didnt mind the huge mess at all.c. she was tired of shouting and threats.d. she hadnt thought of a coping strategy.53the author managed to get the boy to talk to her by_.a. playing games with himb. giving him a good suggestionc. describing his teachers feelingsd. avoiding making critical remarks54why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?a. he was sorry about his reputation.b. he was regretful about his behavior.c. he was fearful of the authors warning.d. he was sad for the authors misunderstanding.【答案】51c 52a 53d 54b【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇情感类的记叙文。文章讲述了作者从与有残疾的小孩相处的一段经历中得出教育小孩更应该需要的是交流与讲道理而不是威胁甚至是惩罚，因为那样更是适得其反。51c考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“but asked him to do what he disliked”可知那个男孩之所以惹麻烦是因为老师总叫他做他不喜欢的事情也就是违背他意愿的事，故c正确。52a考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“i believe that if i had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed”可知作者知道如果批评的话那个小男孩就不会再交流什么了，所以作者期望情况不要恶化好利于与男孩的交流，故a正确。53d考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“no blame or anger in my tone”可知作者的语气上没有任何的责备与生气，这也是作者所采取的策略即不适用任何批评性的言辞，故d正确。54b考查判断推理。根据第六段最后一句“hen he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize”可知男孩想去道歉，所以推断出男孩是感到后悔了，故b正确。b.londons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼)is called the shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. at a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in europe. the shard has completely changed the appearance of london. however, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.the shard was designed by the famous italian architect renzo piano. when he began designing the shard for london, piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶) he wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. the sides of the building arent regular. so the building has an unusual shape. it looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass. and that is how the building got the name: the shard. piano says that the spire shape of the shard is part of a great london tradition. the shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of london or the tall masts (桅杆）of the ships that were once on the river thames.the shard has 87 floors. at the top, there is an observatory. at the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. there will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.before building work began, a lot of people didnt want the shard though the plans were approved. now they are still unhappy about the shard. some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like new york, but not in london. they say that the best thing about the shard is its spire shape. but that is the only thing. there is no decoration, only flat surfaces. the egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. they also think the shard is too big for london. it destroys the beauty of the city.other critics dont like what the shard seems to represent. they say that the shard shows how london is becoming more unequal. only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. but the people who live near the shard are among the poorest in london. so the shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.the shard now dominates the london skyline. it is not certain, however, that ordinary london citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.55londons newest skyscraper is called the shard because of._a. its costb its sizec .its shaped .its height56when he designed the shard, piano wanted it to._a. change londons skylineb .inherit londons traditionc .imitate the egyptian styled. attract potential visitors57the critics who refer to social division think the shard_.a .is only preferred by the richb .is intended for wealthy peoplec. is far away from the poor aread. is popular only with londoners58which would be the best title for the passage?a. the shard: cheers and clapsb. the shard: work of a great architectc. the shard: new symbol of london?d.the shard: a change for the better?【答案】 55c 56b 57b 58d【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的议论文。文章讲述了伦敦新建了欧洲最高的被称之为“the shard”的摩天大楼，成为了伦敦的新标志，然而对此却有不同的观点，尤其是对新的摩天大楼代表的阶层更是有络绎不绝的批评之声。55c考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“he wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. the sides of the building arent regular. so the building has an unusual shape”可知正是因为它的外形新的摩天大楼才被称作为“the shard”.故c正确。56b考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“piano says that the spire shape of the shard is part of a great london tradition ”可知piano希望摩天大楼更多承载的是伦敦的传统，故b正确。57b考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. so the shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.”可知批评者认为它只是代表了有钱的富人，也成为了穷人与富人的区分和界限，故b正确。58d考查文章标题。根据文章第一段“however, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better ”可知文章是在探究与阐述对新的摩天大楼所带来的变化究竟是怎样的，故利用这样的话题作为标题很鲜明直接，故d正确。c.working with a group of baboons (狒狒）in the namibian desert, dr. alecia carter of the department of zoology，cambridge university set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. to work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, dr. carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.she found that personality had a major impact on learning. the braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. in effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.the same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. the anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.this mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. the findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认 知的）tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.the findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. if some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.59what is the first paragraph mainly about?a. the design of dr. carters research.b. the results of dr. carters research.c.the purpose of dr. carters research.d. the