高三英语 阅读复习第三期 科普知识与现代技术14(1).doc

2014年高三英语 阅读复习第三期 科普知识与现代技术14【导读】白色垃圾充斥着我们这个世界，已成为“白色污染”，但科学家发明了一种可替代性的环保材料。harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells. the materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. the material, made from shrimp(虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” it is thin, clear ,flexible and strong.a major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s. decades later, however. plastics very durability(耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. what is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plant. that makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. the inventors said the material becomes flexiblewhen wet ,so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments. theyre also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. theyre even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一种可以替换塑料的更环保的材料。【篇章结构】段落关键词大意推测第一部分（para.1）a tough, low-cost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material; ade from shrimp(虾) shells and proteins produced from silk新型材料的的特点第二部分（para.2-3）biodegradability；toughness and flexibility；shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.新型材料的优势第三部分（para.4-5）low cost, developing simpler production processes；新型材料的前景【信息提取】1.paragraph i of the passage is mainly about shrilks_.a. remarkable design b. interesting name c. major featuresd. basic elements2. what has become a concern about plastic?a. using it properlyb. producing it cheaply.c. developing its properties quickly.d. evaluating its contributions fairly.3. according to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_.a. it can help plastic degradeb. it can be found in living thingsc. its mass production has been realizedd. its raw materials are abundant in nature4.what are the inventors doing in the lab?a. replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.b. testing shrilks use in wet conditions.c. making shrilk out of used household goods.d. improving shrilks flexibility for medical purposes.5. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?a. recent progress in environmental protectionb. benefits of insects in scientific researchc. the harm of one-time productsd.a possible alternative to plastic【解析】1. c考查细节推断。根据第一段的最后“ it is thin, clear, flexible and strong.”这些都是 shrilk的特征。故选c项。2.a考查推理判断。根据第二段“. used in the home for a few years , they will degrade for centuries”, 可推知”如果能正常使用的话，就会有这样的可能性。”故选a项。3. d考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的第一句“ shrilk has greata potential .matrials from which it is made are plentiful in nature.可知 “未经加工的原料是很多的。故选d项。4. b根据最后一段研究者说的话“原料在潮湿的情况易弯曲”。可知在实验室是测试在潮湿的情况下的用处的，故选b项。5. a考查主旨大意题。文章第一段就点明了本文要写的内容，特别是第二句“the materials inventiors said it has friendly alternative to plastic.”可知最佳答案是a项。【词汇扩充】1.inspire vt.鼓舞；激励these herbs will inspire you to try out all sorts of exotic-flavoured dishes!.这些香草会激发你去品尝各种异国风味的菜肴！jimi hendrix inspired a generation of guitarists.吉米亨德里克斯启发了整整一代吉他演奏者。2. landfill n.废渣埋填法； 垃圾填筑地in most countries the selection a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.在大多数国家，landfill地址的选择是有规章和规则管理的。environmentalists say there is a high risk of pollution from the landfill site.环境保护工作者说废渣埋填地很可能造成污染。3. degrade vt.降低，贬低a dishonest action like that will degrade you.像这样不诚实的行为会使你降低身份。dont degrade yourself by answering him.不要自贬身分去搭理他。4. flexible adj.灵活的； 易弯曲的we need a foreign policy that is more flexible.我们需要一种更灵活的外交政策。we should stick to the principles and be flexible as well.既要有原则性，也要有灵活性。copper wire is flexible.铜丝易弯曲。【长难句解析】 1. the materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.本句主句是the materials inventors say，宾语从句it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.2. shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.本句是not only, but also 的句型，后面so 替代前面的一句话，后面用的是全部倒装。3. the inventors said. materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plant.本句的主句是the inventors said.，materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plant.是宾语从句，在宾语从句中materials，from which it is made是定语从句，found是动词的过去分词做伴随状语，在这个伴随状语含有 everything, 现在分词ranging from shrimp shells, insec