普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（北京卷解析版） (2)(1).doc

2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)解析第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）（略）第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 abcd 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.a. sob. orc. ford. but【答案】a 【解析】试题分析：本题考查并列句，考查方式为连词选择。句意：一些动物带着种子到处走，所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲“有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方”，所以导致“植物传播”，表示因果关系的并列句。所以选a。考点：考查并列句的用法。22-hi, lets go skating. - sorry, im busy right now. i _ in an application form for a new job.a. fillb. have filledc. am fillingd. will fill【答案】c【解析】试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：嗨，我们去滑冰吧。对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一个新工作申请表。根据句意可知，我正在填表。故用现在进行时。考点：考查动词时态23jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. a. byb. inc. ford. until【答案】b【解析】试题分析：考查介词的用法。此处in half hour意为：半个小时以后。句意：jane很着急，因为去机场火车半小时后出发。根据句意选b。考点：考查介词的用法。24 _ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.a. observeb. to observec. observed d. observing【答案】a 【解析】试题分析：本题考查非谓语动词。考查方式为识别是否适用非谓语动词。根据上下文可知，后面提供了两个从句，一个为条件状语从句、另一个为时间状语从句的省略句，由此可知，在某条件下和某时间，建议某人做某事。因此，应该选择动词原形，引起的是祈使句。所以，本题选a。考点：本题考查非谓语动词。25last night, there were millions of people _ the opening ceremony live on tv.a. watchb. to watchc. watchedd. watching【答案】d 【解析】试题分析：本题考查非谓语动词，考查方式为非谓语动词形式的选择。本题说明“昨晚有成百万的人看电视上直播的开幕式”，watching引导的现在分词短语做定语，说明人们在做什么。与前面的people构成主谓关系，所以选择d。考点：本题考查非谓语动词26i borrow the book sherlock holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.a. whob. whichc. when d. where【答案】b 【解析】试题分析：本题考查定语从句，考查方式为选择连接词。根据题干信息，定语从句的先行词为book,定语从句中缺乏宾语（我朋友推荐给我“书”），加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句，所以本题选b。句意：上周我从图书馆借了福尔摩斯，这是我的同学推荐给我的。考点：考查定语从句的关系词。27_ i have a word with you? it wont take long. a. canb. mustc. shalld. should【答案】a.【解析】试题分析：本题考查情态动词，考查方式为情态动词词义辨析。句意：我能和你谈话吗？不会很长时间的。根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许不长时间的一个交谈，所以选择表示“能不能或可以不可以”的a考点：考查情态动词的用法。28there are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.a. solvingb. solvedc. being solvedd.to be solved【答案】d 【解析】试题分析：本题考查非谓语动词，考查方式为非谓语动词形式选择。根据题干信息，非谓语动词在这里做定语，限定“要去解决的问题”。根据非谓语动词做定语的规则，现在分词表示主动和正在发生，过去分词表示被动或完成，而不定式表示将要发生，所以选d。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法29_ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. a. asb. whenc. even thoughd. in case【答案】c 【解析】试题分析：本题考查状语从句，考查方式为辨别状语从句的种类。句意：尽管那个森林公园很远，但是还是有许多游客每年到这里游览。根据题干信息，应该是“即使（尽管）那个森林公园很远，每年还是有很多人去参观。”由此判断，从句为让步状语从句，应选连接词even though。本题选c。in case用于引导目的状语从句，表示“以防”、“以免”。根据句意选c。考点：考查状语从句的连接词30the best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.a. where b. whenc. how d. why【答案】b 【解析】试题分析：本题考查表语从句，考查方式为连接词的选择。句意：对于一个足球明星来说，进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。根据题干前半部分中的“moment”一词推断，后面应该说的是“的时候”，所以本题选b。考点：考查表语从句的连接词31- what time is it? - i have no idea. but just a minute, i _ it for you.a. checkb. checkedc. will checkd. would check【答案】c 【解析】试题分析：本题考查动词时态。句意：什么时间了？我不知道。一会儿，我给你查查。根据题干信息，说话人不知道几点，但是“将去核实一下”。所以本题应选一般将来时，即c。考点：考查动词时态的用法32i found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when i arrived. a. startedb. was startingc. would startd. had started【答案】d【解析】试题分析：本题考查动词时态。句意：我发现演讲很难懂，因为当我到达的时候，演讲已经开始了。根据题干信息，“不能跟上演讲的原因是，我到达的时候演讲已经开始”，“到达”为过去时，“已经开始”应该用过去完成时。所以选d。考点：考查动词时态33some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. a. whateverb. whenever.c. whereever d. however【答案】a 【解析】试题分析：本题考查宾语从句，考查方式为连接词。句意：有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。根据题干信息，“过去发生或现在正发生的事情，将来仍然会重复”，宾语从句中缺少主语，并且指的是事件，所以选用a。考点：考查宾语从句的用法34we _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.a. areb. werec. will bed. would be【答案】d 【解析】试题分析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你不丢失地图，我们就已经到旅馆了。根据条件状语从句中“if we didnt lose the map”可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选用d。考点：考查虚拟语气的用法35the film star wears sunglasses. therefore, he can go shopping without _.a. recognizingb. being recognizedc. having recognizedd. having been recognized【答案】b 【解析】试题分析：本题考查动词的非谓语动词形式。句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断，此后应该使用动词的动名词形式，由于他是被人认出的，所以应该用动名词的被动式，所以选b。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意，从每题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项 涂黑。the fitting-in of suzy khan the first time i saw suzy khan, i knew i had to help her. she was really small for her age of 12. the boy in my class often 36 about her and laughed their heads off. she would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page. all i knew was that she was an orphan (孤儿) from africa. she had just been adopted by a family in town who 37 that the best way for her to learn american ways of life was to be with american kids. i looked down at this 38 girl and promised myself that somehow i would help her. but how could i help her 39 in with us? there had to be a 40 . one day, when i went into the classroom, i saw that suzy had 41 her geography book to a picture of a train, and in her notebook, she had made a(n) 42 copy. i was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming 43 show. so, i took her to see the art teacher, miss parker, and showed her what suzy had 44 . “why, its wonderful,” said miss parker, who then showed us a poster she had painted 45 the talent show. “i need more of these, but i just dont have enough 46 . could you help me, suzy?” on the day of the talent show, suzys 47 were everywhere - all over the hall and all over the school, each one different. “and finally,” said mr brown, the schoolmaster, at the end of the show, “we have a (n) award. im sure youve all noticed the wonderful posters.” everyone nodded. “one of our own students 49 them.” i could hear everyone whispering. “who in our school could draw 50 well?” mr. brown waited a while before saying, “ 51 this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a 52 ,too. our mystery(神秘) artist is our new student - suzy khan!” mr. brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artists set. “thank you,” she cried. i 53 , at that time when i was looking at her excited face, shed probably never 54 anything in her whole life. everyone started to 55 their hands. suzy khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was defening. i knew then suzy was going to ne all right.36. a. joked b. cared c. trains d. worried37. a. reportedb. decided c. complained d. questioned38. a. rich b. proud c. tiny d. popular39. a. come b fall c. fit d. tie40. a. mannerb. pattern c. choice d. way41. a. read b. taken c. opened d. put42. a. free b. perfect c. final d. extra43. a.areb.talk c.quiz d. talent44. a. coloredb. written c. carved d. drawn45. a. atb. after c. for d. around46. a. room b. time c. paper d. interest47. a. giftsb. books c. photos d. posters48. a. specialb. academic c. national d. rayal49. a. paintedb. found c. printed d. collected50. a. very b. that c. quite d. too51. a. ifb. though c. unless d. since52. a. prizeb. rank c. rest d. place53. a. repliedb. realized c.remembered d. regretted54. a. offeredb. valued c. owned d. controlled55. a. clap b. wave c. raise d. shake【答案】36a 37b 38c39c 40d 41c 42b 43d 44d 45c 46b 47d 48a 49a 50b 51d 52a 53b 54c 55a【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲了一个非洲来的儿童suzy被美国家庭收养，为让孩子了解美国生活，他们把孩子送进学校和美国孩子一起学习。但那些美国孩子却经常嘲笑她。一次偶然的机会，“我”发现了她的绘画才能，并把她介绍给艺术老师。艺术老师也认同她的绘画才能，让她帮自己制作才艺秀的海报。在才艺秀结束的时候，校长颁发给suzy一个特殊的奖项，同学们也认可和接纳了她。36a 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。根据语境，这里是说“班里的男孩子会拿她开玩笑，然后就是哄堂大笑。而她也只好眼含泪水地假装看书。”joke about 拿开玩笑，care about介意，在乎，forget about忘记，worry about为担忧。37b 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。这个非洲孤儿被美国家庭收养，美国家庭决定（认定）和美国孩子在一起才能让她学会美国生活方式。decide这里是认定、断定的意思，report报告、报道，complain抱怨，投诉，question质疑，提问。38c 考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文叙述，这个女孩比同龄12岁的孩子都要瘦小，所以“我低头看着这个小小的女孩子，下决心无论如何都要帮助她”。rich富有的，proud骄傲的，popular流行的，受欢迎的。显然都不符合语境。tiny=very small。39c 考查动词词义辨析和上下文语境。我打算帮助这个女孩与大家融洽相处。文章标题已给出提示。fit in with适合，与一致。40d 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文决定帮助小女孩与大家一致，必须寻找一个办法/方法。manner做事或行为方式, 多指行动的特殊方式或独特的方法，pattern指模式、花样、图案等，choice指选择，way指方式、方法、手段等，可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式。因为这里没有谈到什么方法，所以只能用笼统的方法way。41c 考查动词词义辨析和语境。suzy把书打开到火车图片那里。opento把翻到，to是介词，表达“到地方”。其他均不合适。42b 考查形容词词义辨析和上下文语境。她对火车图的复制，效果怎样要看文中第44题后的陈述，“why, its wonderful”可知，非常好，与此题选项中的perfect相近。43d 考查名词词义辨析和上下文语境。根据后文第45题后的陈述“the talent show”我们知道这是一个才艺秀。44d 考查动词词义辨析和语境。根据上文陈述，suzy在画火车，所以这里应该是“我”把她画的东西展示给艺术老师看。color意思为涂色和染色, write书写，carve雕刻，draw画。45c 考查介词。根据文章内容，这里是老师拿出一张“为才艺秀”做的海报。for意为“为”。46b 考查名词词义辨析和语境。由该空前面“more”和空后的”help”两个词可知，老师还需要更多的海报，但老师“没有足够的时间”，所以才请suzy帮忙制作。47d 考查名词词义辨析和上下文语境。上文已谈到，艺术老师想让suzy帮忙制作一些海报，所以，才艺秀当天应该到处都能看到suzy制作的海报。48a 考查形容词词义辨析。才艺秀当天大家都表演了，还要颁发一个特殊的奖项给制作海报的人，因为制作海报原本不是才艺秀的内容。49a 考查动词词义辨析和上下文。文中这句话的意思说“我们一个学生画了这些海报”，除了draw以外，我们还可以使用paint一词，表示绘画。50b 考查副词词义。修饰形容词或副词，表示那么，那样，我们一般用so，也可以用that，二者意思相近。that well=so well。51d 考查状语从句的连接词和上下文语境。“因为这位同学如此努力地画了这些海报”，所以值得奖励。since=now that/because。52a 考查名词词义辨析和语境。因为努力画了这些海报，这位同学值得奖励。prize奖励， rank等级，秩序，rest休息，place地点，位置。53b 考查动词词义辨析。该空描写作者的思想活动，是意识到她从来没有拥有过什么，这些成就和别人的承认第一次让她意识到自己的能力和重要。reply回答，realize意识到，remember回忆，regret后悔，遗憾。54c 考查动词词义辨析。因为是外来的移民，没有融入大家的生活中，这次活动让大家看到了她拥有的东西。55a 考查动词词义辨析。因为她画得好，得到校长表扬，才能得到大家认可，所以大家为她鼓掌。clap ones hands鼓掌。考点：考查故事类完形填空第三部分：阅读理解 （共两节，20 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。asea life melbourne aquarium (水族馆) the all-new sea life melbourne aquarium, situated in the heart of melbournes cbd, is one of victorias leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family. having 12 amazing zones of discovery, sea life melbourne aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.* opening times sea life melbourne aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing.* location ( 位置) sea life melbourne aquarium is located on the corner of flinders street and king street, melbourne. it is situated on the yarra river, opposite crown entertainment complex.* getting to sea life melbourne aquarium train the sea life melbourne aquarium train stop is located on the free city circle tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and 75. city circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions. shuttle bus the sea life melbourne aquarium is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the city. running daily, every 15 minutes from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. car parking while there is no public car parking at sea life melbourne aquarium, there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away.* wheelchair access sea life melbourne aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.* terms tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted. please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of sea life melbourne aquarium. no ticket, no entry!56. sea life melbourne aquarium _ .a. is located at the center of the cbd in the cityb. has 12 most attractive places in melbournec. admits visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pmd. is beside crown entertainment complex57. getting to sea life melbourne aquarium, visitors can take _.a. trains from southern cross train stationb. shuttle buses around the train stationc. boats across the yarra riverd. either tram route 70 or 7558. sea life melbourne aquarium offers visitors _.a. free car parkingb. wheelchair accessc. internet connectiond. transportation service59. tickets to sea life melbourne aquarium _ .a. are free to all visitorsb. can be pursed by emailc. rare checked at the entranced.can be printed at the ticket office【答案】56a 57d 58b 59c【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了墨尔本海洋馆的基本情况。说明了墨尔本海洋水族馆的开放时间、位置、到达方式、便利和服务条款等内容。56a 考查细节理解。根据文章第一句“situated in the heart of melbournes cbd”就可以找到答案。b偷换了discovery为place，表达不正确；c项为错误答案，允许进入的最后时间为5：00，而不是6：00。d项为错误答案，文章中用的是opposite对面，而不是beside旁边。57d 考查细节理解。根据“getting to sea life melbourne aquarium”部分讲的内容而知，a项提到的“southern cross train station”信息文中没有出现；b项为表达错误，文中说的是“in and around the city”；c项信息文中没有相关陈述。d项文中明确提到。58b 考查细节理解。a项为错误答案，因为文中明确提出“no public car parking”；b项正确，因为文中有“ in wheelchairs with full access”，轮椅可到；c项为无效信息，因为文中没有提到互联网的事情；d项也为无效细信息，同样文中没有提到水族馆提供任何交通服务。59c 考查细节理解。本题适合用排除法。因为a是错误答案，因为文中最后提到要支付后才能打印票；b项错误因为票票会在支付后用电子邮件发过来，而不是电子邮件订购；d项错误在于文中提到要自己打印，在入口处递呈。排除以上答案，只有c项略显合理。考点：考查广告应用文阅读bthe brown bear my wife laura and i were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in alaska when we spotted a bear. the bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly. just a few minutes later, i heard my daughter shouting, “dad! the bear is right behind us!” an agreesive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. this one was silent and its ears pinned back- the sign (迹象) of an animal that is going in for the kill. and it was a cold april day. the bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.i held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. it bit down and i found myself supporting its weight. i knew i would not be able to hold it for long.even so, this was a fight i had to win: i was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.the bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. i raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. my arm could not move, and i sensed that my bones were going to break.drawing back my free hand, i struck the bear as hard as i could for five to six times. the bear opened its mouth and i grasped its fur, trying to push it away. i was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. the bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack- the first time i felt panic.apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. my arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. im proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.60. the brown bear approached the family in order to _.a. catch shore birdsb. start an attackc. protect the childrend. set up a barrier for itself61. the bear finally went away after it _.a. felt safeb. got injuredc. found some foodd. took away the camera62. the writer and his family survived mainly due to their _ .a. prideb. patiencec. calmnessd. cautiousness【答案】60b 61a 62c【解析】【文章大意】本篇是一篇故事，介绍的是我和全家人在海滩上拍照时突遇一头棕熊的遭遇。作者和熊进行了搏斗，最后棕熊感觉他们没有威胁时，返回了森林。60b 考查细节阅读。a项为无效信息，因为文中没有提到棕熊捕杀鸟类的事情；b项是由“an aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy”推测而来，因此是正确答案；c项为错误答案，棕熊袭击了他们，而不是来保护作者的孩子们；d项是倒置了文中的内容，文中提到作者提起照相机的三脚架作为保护自己和孩子的屏障，而不是棕熊建立屏障。61a 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段中“apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat”可知，棕熊是因为没了威胁才走的，也就是感到了安全。b、c、d选项都是文中没有提到的信息，为无效信息。62c 考查细节推理。根据文章最后一段内容“im proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome”可知，他们全家保持了头脑清晰（clear-headed），如不如此，可能结果迥异了。所以，他们全家无虞全仰仗他们的冷静（calmness）。d. cautiousness小心，谨慎，与文章内容不合。考点：考查故事类阅读cchoosing the right resolution (决定) millions of americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. however, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. to reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入). that is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. this is a bad way to construct goals. the alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “ill stop having desert for lunch,” or “ill walk every day for 20 minutes.” creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. recently a new science behind incentives (激励) , including in education, has been discussed. for example, researcher roland fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. in some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. his main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. fryers conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control. as long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. and its easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do. if you want to cut do