高中英语 Module 3 My First Ride on a Train词汇解读 外研版必修1(1).doc

module 3 explanations for new words1. distance n. an amount of space between two things or people, two points or places距离，间距it is a long distance from new york to hong kong.纽约离香港很远。you may have to walk long distances. 你可能得走很长的距离。there has been a great distance between us since our quarrel. 【短语】：at (from) a distance 在/从远处in the distance 在远处at a distance of six miles you cant see much. we can see the ancient ruins in the distance.the picture looks better at a distance.这图远看更佳。they saw a few houses in the distance.看到远处有房子。keep ones distance (from sb/sth); keep sb/sth at a distance 与保持一定距离= not be too friendly or familiar with sb/sth 对冷淡；同疏远；与保持一定距离keep your distance from him. 不要和他太亲近。i would keep my distance from that dog,if i were you!我要是你,就离那条狗远一点!the dog looked dangerous, so i decided to _ from it. 答案: aa. keep my distance b. stay c. keep a distance d. keep my distant her father advised her to keep _from that fellow.答案: a keep away from 远离;a.away b.distance c./ d.out distance前要有“her”; out后接介词of。distant adj. “遥远的，久远的，疏远的，冷淡的” far away in space or time instead of stopping to speak, she passed by with only a distant nod. you can hear the distant sound of the bell in the temple. 2. abandon vt. give up completely (a course of action, practice, or way of thinking)完全放弃(行动/做/想法)a放弃；弃绝；绝望；断念 he abandoned all hope.他放弃一切希望。he abandoned the idea.放弃注意。b丢弃(信仰等)；(不顾信义、义务、责任等而)遗弃，抛弃(妻儿等)abandon ones country 背弃祖国 abandon ones friend 背弃朋友 the man shamelessly abandoned his wife and child for another woman.无耻地抛弃了妻儿另觅新欢。discontinue (a scheduled event) before completion 中止 fans invaded the pitch and the match was abandoned. 球迷冲进球场，比赛被迫终止。cease to support or look after (someone); desert 不再抚养（某人），遗弃 her natural mother had abandoned her at an early age. 她的生母在她很小的时候就遗弃了她。abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于，沉溺于，纵情于，放纵于，恣意；委身于after his mother died, he abandoned himself to grief. 他母亲死后，他悲伤不已。abandoned adj.被遗弃的they set up an organization to adopt abandoned children.建立机构收养被遗弃孩子。3. product n. a substance produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process(自然的)产物；物产; (人工的)产/作/制品 coffee is brazils main product. 咖啡是巴西的主要产品。they came here in search of new markets for their products.他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale（经加工可出售的）作品；成果this is the product of his labour. 这是他劳动的成果。【辨析】：（1) product 是可数名词。指工业产品、农业加工品、任何的脑力劳动所创造的产品。farm products are the chief exports of the country. this novel is the product of ten years of labour.（2) produce不可数名词, 指一切农产品、天然产品。不加冠词,不用复数。还可作动词表“生产”使用。we can buy farm produce on the market. （3) production为抽象不可数名词, 指生产的行为、产量。 指文学艺术作品时可数，如戏剧、电影等。production has increased in the last ten years.近十年产量得到了提高。this book is one of the writers latest productions.选词填空 (1) his novel is the _ product _of ten years of labour.(2) the field _ produce _is shipped by train to other parts of the country.(3) some people dont believe that advertising can increase _ production _.(4) farm _ products _are the chief exports of the country.(5) this book is one of the writers latest _ productions _.4. scenery n. the natural features of a landscape considered in terms of their appearance风景;景色the scenery in the mountain is very beautiful.山中的风景很美。i stop to admire the scenery. 我停下来欣赏风景。【辨析】: scenery 不可数名词,“景色, 风景”, 指某地区总的自然景观的全称，不指特别的风景。scene 可数名词,“景色, 景致”, 指展现在眼前的景象，是scenery的一部分；或指某一特定环境所呈现出来的景色,有“情景,实况”之意；另外可指事故现场。(1) the boats in the harbor make a beautiful _ scene _.(2) he stopped to appreciate the beautiful _ scenery _.5. shoot vt. (shot,shot) kill or wound (a person or animal) with a bullet or arrow 射死/射伤/射杀；射中；射击the policeman shot the robber in the leg.警察开枪打中了强盗的腿。 his dog was shot dead by the man. 他的狗被那个人打死了。 shoot 指打死某人某物; shoot at 指向某人某物瞄准射击,但不一定射中he is shooting at a bear, but he doesnt shoot it. 他向一只熊射击，但是没射中。tom shot at the strange dog but shot his own. 汤姆向那只陌生的狗射击,但却把自己的(狗)打死了。 短语： shoot down 击落；坚决拒绝 shoot out 抛出；射出；（突然）伸出 shoot up 急升，暴涨 shoot at 向开枪，射击 the eagle is dead. who _it? we all _it just now. so its hard to tell who did it.a.shot at; shot b.shot; shot c.shot; shot at d.shot at; shot at 答案:c改错 he shot the bird, but missed. 答案: 在shoot后面加at6. journey n. an act of travelling from one place to another 旅行，出行, 旅程its a three days journey on horseback from here to there.从这儿到那儿骑马得走三天。did you have a good journey? 你一路上顺利吗？she went on a long journey.她出发作长途旅行。 your journey through life.你的人生征程。 go on a journey 去旅行 be on a journey 在旅行中 take / make a journey 旅行【辨析】：journey, trip, travel, voyagejourney 常指远距离陆地旅行 i dont envy your journey in this bad weather. 不羡慕在恶劣天气里旅行。travel 常指长距离的旅行或国外旅行we travelled thousands of miles. 我们旅行了几千英里。trip指短距旅行,强调路上所花时间和路程he often makes a round trip to the hospital alone常一人往返医院voyage 常指海上或空中的旅行 journey指从一地出发直达目的地的长途旅行we made a journey from paris to berlin.tour强调旅行一周再转回原出发地a round the world tour 环球旅行travel无直达目的地之意，指不同方向的旅行write an account of ones travels写一部游记trip指休闲或因商的短途旅行a trip to the seaside 海滨之行voyage强调较远距离的水上、空中旅行make a voyage across the atlantic (1) he came home after years of _. a.trip b.travelc.journey d.voyage答案:b(2) he loves sea and he dreams of going on a _ around the world.a.tripb.travelc.journeyd.voyage答案:d7. train v. teach (a person or animal) a particular skill or type of behaviour through practice and instruction over a period of time 训练，培养she is training to be a doctor. they trained the soldiers to fight. 他们训练士兵打仗。they trained him as an engineer. 他们把他培养成一名工程师。8. frighten vt. make (someone) afraid or anxious 使吃惊; 惊吓；使惊慌，使惧怕dont frighten me. he is telling the truth. 不要吓我, 他说的是真的。sorry，i didnt mean to frighten you.对不起，我不是故意吓唬你的。she was frightened to ride a bike.她不敢骑自行车。he was frightened out of his wits.他吓呆了。i was frightened that he might cut himself. 我怕他会伤了自己。【拓展】 frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人去做某事 frighten sb. out of doing sth. 吓唬某人不去做某事 they frightened him into telling them the secret. 他们恐吓他以使他说出秘密。he was frightened into holding his tongue. 他吓得不敢往下说了。the child was frightened out of speaking. 那孩子被吓得一声不吭。frighten 其-ing和-ed形式均可当形容词，用作表语、定语和补语。frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；令别人害怕的 frightened adj. 感到惊恐的, 受惊的；怕的frightful adj.令人害怕的look at his _look. it seems_ as if he had met a tiger.答案: aa.frightened; frightening b.frightening; frightened 从他恐惧的神情看情况似乎令人惊吓,c.frightened; frightened d.frightening; frightening 好像是他遇到了老虎。9. interview v. meeting at which sb.is asked questions to find out if he is suitable 面试，面谈 applicants will be called for interview in due course.申请者将于适当时候获邀约面谈。im interviewing all this afternoon. 整个下午, 我都要进行面试。interviewer n. “主持面试者；(面试时的)主考官，面谈者”。interviewee n. “被面试者”。10. event n. 事件; 大事 a thing that happens or takes place, especially one of importance next day the newspapers reported the event. 第二天, 报纸报道了这个事件。the first day at school is a big event in a childs life.第一天上学在孩子的一生中是件大事。winning the scholarship was a great event in the boys life. 赢奖学金是这男孩一生中的一大事运动项目 each of several particular contests making up a sports competition some 2000 athletes competed in 20 events. 约2000名运动员参加了20个项目的比赛。he entered for field and track events.他参加了田径赛。 【区别】：event, incident, accident, affairevent 特别指事件,大事;比赛项目the new book was the cultural event of the year.这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。incident 事情,小事件;事变,突发事件were there any exciting incidents during your journey? 你们在旅行中有没有什么令人激动的事情？accident 意外之事(尤指灾难)his leg was broken in a bad accident last year.他腿在去年一恶性事故中断了。affair 事务,事件,私事the new minister is in charge of foreign affairs.新任部长暂时负责外国事务。 mr.smith came to china not to go sightseeing but to see to some personal _.a.events b.affairs c.incidents d.accidents 答案: brecently cctv station has taken great_to make a program that reviews the important_of the past 20 years. a.steps;affairsb.efforts;mattersc.pains;events d.efforts;incidents 答案: c提示: 句意:最近中央电视台不辞辛苦地做了一个节目对近20年的重大事件进行回顾。take pains to do不辞辛苦做某事。steps构成take steps采取措施;efforts构成make efforts to do努力做某事。11. exhaust vt. 使得筋疲力尽 drain (someone) of their physical or mental resources; tire outmy father is completely exhausted. 我父亲精疲力竭。 im exhausted! 我累极了。the marathon talks exhausted him completely.马拉松式的谈判使他精疲力竭。用完; 耗尽use up (resources or reserves) completelyhe has exhausted his supply of water.他已耗尽了全部供水。exhausted adj. 疲惫不堪的，筋疲力尽的drained of ones physical or mental resources; very tiredbe exhausted from/by 由于某事而筋皮力竭的be tired from由于某事而感到累的we were exhausted by the climb up the hill.我们因爬上那座小山而精疲力竭。 exhausting adj.令人疲惫的，使人精疲力竭的 a really exhausting day 令人精疲力竭的一天this is really a exhausting journey. 这真是一个累人的旅途。after his journey from abroad,richard jones returned home, _.a.exhaustingb.exhaustedc.being exhaustedd.having exhausted答案: b12、get on a (使)登上公共汽车(或火车等)；(使)骑上自行车(或马等)before you can learn to ride a horse, you have to be able get on it.你要学会骑马，必须先会上马。 b 穿上(衣服等)；戴上(帽子等)；盖上(盖子等) get on your rubbers, we have to go out in the rain. 穿上你的胶鞋，我们必须在雨天外出。13、get off a(使)下车，(使)下马 excuse me, i have to get off at the next stop. 劳驾，我在下站下车。 b(使)离开；(使)动身 we have to get off early tomorrow. 我们明天一早必须动身。 c (从)脱下(衣服等)；拿开(某物) her finger had swollen so much that she couldnt get her ring off.她的手指肿得很厉害，连戒指都取不下来了。get about