模块5_unit1-3知识点讲解.doc

模 块 五Unit 1 知识点总结单词：1. betray 1) 出卖；背叛 He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy. 他宁愿饿死也不愿向敌人出卖自己的祖国.2) 显露；泄露 The expression on her face betrays her anger.她脸上的表情显示她在生气。The officer betrayed the secret to his friends. 那军官把秘密向朋友泄露了。 She could not help betraying her sympathy for us. 她禁不住对我们露出同情之意。 2. admit1) 承认；供认admit doing sth. 承认做某事 admit to sb. 向某人承认He admitted his crime. 他招认了罪行。He admitted to us that he was wrong. 他向我们承认他错了。John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。2) 许可进入，准许进入 admit sb. to/into- 接纳某人进入.; 吸收某人参加. This ticket admits two people to the football match.这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。He is admitted to Nanjing University this year. 他今年被南京大学录取了。3) 容纳, 容许The cinema admits about 2000 people. 这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。4) admit of 容许有; 有.可能; 容有.的余地The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay. 他的病不容拖延。 The evidence can not admit of doubt. 证据确凿, 不容置疑。3. avoid 避免、防止 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 I tried to avoid talking to him because he always says silly things. 我尽量避免和他说话，因为他总是说些愚蠢的事。 She kept avoiding meeting my eyes. 她总是避免接触我的目光。 4. regardless (of-) 不顾、不管 She knew it was dangerous to visit him, but she set out regardless (of the risk).尽管她知道去看他是很危险的,但她还是去了。He says what he thinks, regardless of other peoples feelings.他想到什么就说什么，毫不考虑别人的感受。5. absorb vt. 1) 吸收；承受；承担 About nine tenths of the light from the sun is absorbed by the atmosphere. 来自太阳的光约有十分之九被大气层吸收。We will not absorb these charges/ costs. 我们不能承担这些费用。2) 吸取（知识）；占有The clever boy absorbed the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩吸收了老师教给他的所有知识。This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。 3) 吸引；使专心；使全神贯注be absorbed in- 专心于-The boy sat there, absorbed in thought. 那个男孩坐在那里，沉思着。I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you at all. 我正专心看书，没听到你叫我。 习惯用语 be absorbed by被.吞并, 为.所吸收absorb sb.s attention吸引某人注意 6. suffer 1) vi. 变坏、变糟 Your studies will suffer if you play too much football.你要是总踢球，功课就会变糟。Her business suffered when she is ill.她患病时，生意受到了影响。2) vi. & vt. 经历、遭受 He cheered up again after suffering defeat. 在经历了失败的挫折后，他又振作起来。 We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.在经济危机中我们受到了巨大的损失。 3) vt. 忍受, 忍耐I will not suffer such conduct.我不能容忍这种行为。She could not suffer criticism.她受不了批评。I can not suffer you to be idle.我不能让你偷懒。suffer pain受痛苦 suffer from cold and hunger饥寒交迫suffer from floods遭受水灾 suffer from measles. 患麻疹 7. bitter1) adj.(药等)苦味的, 苦涩的；辛酸的, 悲惨的；怀恨的; 抱怨的; 讥讽的强烈的, 厉害的, 刺骨的, 严酷的a bitter taste苦味 a bitter smile苦笑 bitter tears辛酸的眼泪 bitter remarks刻薄话, 恶毒的话 bitter discipline严格的训练 a bitter argument激烈的争论2) adv. 非常, 剧烈, 厉害a bitter cold night 严寒的一个夜晚be bitter against强烈反对8. fault n. 1) 过失，过错Who broke the cup? Its my fault, I dropped it.谁把杯子摔了？这是我的过错，我摔的。Thats no fault of his.这不是他的过错。The fault lies with me, not with you. 这是我的责任,不是你的责任。2) 缺点；瑕疵There seems to be some fault in the computer, and were just looking into it. 这台电脑好象有点毛病,我们正在检查原因。 Your only fault is carelessness.你惟一的缺点是粗心大意。习惯用语：at fault 该受责备的；有罪的； 感到困惑; 不知所措admit to being at fault承认有罪9. discourage vt. 使丧失勇气；使气馁； 使沮丧Dont let one failure discourage you, try again.不要因为一次失败就气馁，再试一试看。discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止/阻拦/劝阻某人做某事 His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.他的父母亲劝他不要参加空军。discouraged adj. 气馁的If you meet with any difficulty in your study, dont be discouraged.如果你学习中遇到什么困难,不要灰心。 discouraging adj. 令人气馁的 a discouraging result 一个令人泄气的结果 discouragement n.气馁, 挫折,劝阻10. doubt 1) n.怀疑；疑虑；未确定There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。I have (my) doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。2) vt. 怀疑; 不信; 拿不准(后接名词从句时, 疑问句和否定句用连词 that, but, but that, 肯定句一般用连接词 whether, if, what, when 等, 如肯定句用 that, 往往表示非常怀疑)I doubt that he will come.我看他不见得会来。I doubt whether / if he is at home.我看他不一定在家。I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it.我相信他能把它背下来。I doubt what he said.我不相信他说的话。习惯用语：beyond doubt毫无疑问 (常作插入语)without doubt 必定；无疑throw doubt on对.产生怀疑, 使人对.产生怀疑11. ruin1) n.衰败；毁灭；瓦解fall into ruin破败不堪 the ruin of his hopes他的希望的破灭 pl. 废墟, 遗迹We saw the ruins of the church.我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。2) vt.使破产; 使堕落;破坏, 毁灭；使成废墟ruin ones hopes使希望破灭The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。习惯用语：be the ruin of成为.毁灭/堕落的原因bring sb. to ruin使某人失败; 使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡go fall come to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉in ruins成为废墟ruin oneself毁掉自己12. anxious adj. 1) 忧虑的；焦虑的， 不安的We are all anxious about/for his safety.我们都为他的安全而忧虑。2) 渴望的We are anxious that he (should) do his bit.我们非常希望他能尽到自己的本分。She was anxious to please the smart kid.她很想讨好那潇洒的小伙子。He is anxious to enter for the competition.他很想去参加比赛习惯用语：be anxious about sth. 为某事焦虑/担心 be anxious for sb. 为某人焦虑/担心be anxious for sth.渴望得到某物be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事13. base vt. based, basing （与on, upon连用）根据；基于This news report is based entirely on fact.这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。Judgment should be based on facts, not on hearsay.判断应该以事实为依据,而不应该依靠道听途说。One should always base ones opinions on facts.意见应以事实为根据。14. embarrass vt.使窘迫, 使困惑, 使为难, 使(问题)复杂化The decline of sales embarrassed the company.销路下降使公司陷于财政困难。 embarrass sb by doing sth 通过做某事使某人窘迫embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的， be embarrassed at/about sth. 因某事而困窘 embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的 an embarrassing mistake 一个令人难堪的错误 embarrassment n. 困窘15. mean 1) vt.意谓, 想要, 预定 vi.用意, 有意义 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。He means this house for his daughter.他预定把这栋房子给女儿。习惯用语： be meant to do照道理，照规矩；应该，必须；得要；He was meant for /to be a doctor.本来是准备把他培养成为医生的。mean sb. for准备让某人干某工作mean much to sb. 对某人很重要; 对某人很可贵mean a great deal 2) adj.低劣的, 卑鄙的, 普通的, 吝啬的, 简陋的,不舒服的 Peters father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.彼得的父亲很小气，他从不给彼得添新衣服。词组：1. keep ones word keep ones promise 遵守诺言 break ones word break ones promise 违背诺言 have a word with sb.和某人谈一两句话, 和某人谈谈have no words for sth.难以用言语形容某事have words with和.争论/争吵in a one word一句话, 总而言之in other words换句话说, 也就是说in word口头上beyond words无法用语言表达 eat ones words (被迫)收回前言, 承认说错get word获得消息, 听说, 得知 leave word留言, 留下字条或口信word for word逐词地；原原本本地 say a bad word about sb. 说某人的坏话2. as a result of 由于as a result 因此 result from sth. 因而发生，产生 result in sth. 产生某种作用或结果 3. cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 4. in public 公然 、 公开地 、 当众 5. the public公众、 民众 The town gardens are open to the public from sunrise to sunset daily. 城市公园每天从早到晚对外开放。 The public are not allowed to enter the place. 民众不允许进入此地。6. a public official一名公务员 a public school一所公立学校public order公共秩序 public interests公共利益7. be absorbed in- 专心于-8. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事9. have an effect on 对产生影响或效果10. suffer from (doing) sth. 遭受带来的痛苦 11. take in 吸收成员、收留、领会、欺骗 We plan to take in more party members. 我们计划吸收更多的新党员。He had nowhere to live, so we took him in. 他没地方住，因此我们收留了他。I didnt take in what you were saying. 我没领会你当时说的话。I was completely taken in by his story. 我完全被他编造的故事欺骗了。12. get along with sb. 和某人处 He doesnt get along with anybody in the office. 他和办公室里的其他人相处得不好。 Tom is an easy-going type of person who gets along well with everyone. 汤姆是个随和的人，跟谁都处得来。get along 还可表示“进展”，“进行”。如：How are you getting along with your English? 你英语学得怎么样？The business is getting along well. 生意经营得不错。13. be worth $60,000 值60,000 美元be (well) worth doing sth. (很) 值得做某事The song is well worth listening to. 这首歌曲很值得听。14. be sure of sth. 对某事有把握 be sure to do sth. 一定做某事 make sure to do sth. 确保做某事 for sure 确切地，毫无疑问地15. be determined to do sth.决心做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事determine sb. to do sth.使某人决定做某事determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事determine on-决定-16. forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做)某事17. apologize to sb.向某人道歉apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事向某人道歉 apologize for oneself为自已解辩或辩护18. offer an/ones apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉 make19. stare at 盯着看, 凝视 stare sb. down /out 盯得人局促不安stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人20. blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把.怪到.头上; 把某事的责任归咎于某人 take the blame for 为负过失的责任be to blame (for) (因为-) 应受责备21. be jealous of- 嫉妒-22. be guilty of a crime犯了罪 be guilty of (doing) sth. 犯(做)-的罪be guilty of 对内疚guilty look内疚的神色 23. be consistent with - 与-一致 be a consistent friend to sb.是某人的忠实朋友24. a (considerable, great, wide)variety of 各种各样的-, 品类繁多的- sell a variety of goods. 出售各种商品 learn a variety of things 学习各种东西 25. lie with-由决定，取决于，视而定26. 1) hand 作为名词构成的词组 at hand 近处；即将到来hand in hand 手拉手, 联合 on the one hand一方面 on the other hand另一方面 by hand用手的, 手工的, 用手递交的 in hand在手头, 现有, 在进行中; 在考虑中; 在掌 握中; 在控制中; out of hand无法控制; 不受约束 2) hand 作为动词构成的词组hand down传给后代 (= hand on, pass down)This pair of bracelets were handed down from my grandmother.这副手镯是我曾祖母传下来的。hand on传递；把传下来 (= hand down)Please read this notice and hand it on. 请把这张通知看一下,并传阅。hand over移交；让与The thieves was handed over to the police.扒手被送交警方。hand in交; 提交(辞职申请书) hand out 分发27. be fair to sb. 对某人公平 be unfair to sb. 对某人不公平28. persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事29. an amusement park 一个游乐场30. get through (电话等) 接通31. in the world (表示强调) 究竟，到底32. one another 互相，相互33. hesitate to do sth. 做某事犹豫In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me.如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。I hesitate to ask you, but will you lend me your car for a few days? 我真不好意思向你开口, 你能把汽车借给我用几天吗?34. without hesitation 毫不犹豫 35. put up with - 忍受-模块五 unit 2单词用法：1. waste 1) n. 废物, 浪费, 垃圾 Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.人们应当禁止工业垃圾污染我们的河流。2) adj. 废弃的, 荒芜的, 多余的The boy threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.那个男孩以为它是废纸，把它扔掉了。3) vt. 浪费, 消耗, 使荒芜 (waste time in doing sth.) There is no use wasting time in discussing how it happened.浪费时间讨论它是如何发生的是没有用的。2. amount表示“大量的”，修饰不可数名词；在句中时，由amount(s)来决定动词的单复数。A large amount of money is needed badly.人们急需大量的金钱。Large amounts of time are spent going over the lessons for the final exams.为了期末考试，花大量的时间来温习功课。3. lay vt., vi. 1) 放，置Lay it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 2) 摆放好lay the table 摆好餐桌（摆好餐具） 3) 产，下（蛋）The hen laid three eggs.母鸡下了三个蛋。 注意区别：“下蛋；产卵；放，置” lay-laid-laid-laying;“躺” lie-lay-lain-lying; “说谎” lie-lied-lied-lying;4. population 1) 当表示人口数量的时候，是一个不可数名词, 表示人口多少通常用形容词large/ small修饰。 The population of China is much larger than that of the USA.中国的人口比美国的大多了。Canada is a large country with a small population.加拿大是一个面积很大而人口很少的国家2) 表示具体的人时，用作复数名词； 70 % of the population in China are peasants. 中国70% 的人口是农民。3) 询问人口多少，用特殊疑问词what； What is the population of your hometown? 你家乡有多少人口？词组：1. in addition (to) 表示附加原因，“而且，此外”。In addition, there is one more point I would like to make.此外，我还想再说明一点。In addition to the subjects already mentioned, students will also study biology.包括刚才提到的科目，学生此外还要学生物。2. wipe out 消灭，灭绝，洗净的内部The deadly disease almost wiped out the whole nation.致命的疾病几乎使整个民族消失。All the information saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.所有储存在电脑里的资料全部被病毒删除了。Can you wipe out the inside of the coffee pot?你能把咖啡壶的内部洗干净吗？3. cut back on = cut down on = reduce 减少，削减To save money, we should cut back on our spending.为了节省钱，我们必须减少开支。If we cant sell more, we will have to cut back on production.如果我们不能扩大销售量，我们就不得不削减生产。语法：1. 表示倍数的三种方法：A 是B的多少倍: A is times as as B （原级）A is times 比较级 than B （比较级）A is times the size/ length/ value/ width of B （形容词对应的名词形式）这个房间是那个房间的3倍那么大。（三种表达法意思完全相同）This room is three times as big as that one.This room is three times bigger than that one.This room is three times the size of that one.Note:1. 倍数的基本表达都是以倍数打头，但要注意不同倍数的不同表达方法：2. 两倍要用twice或double，不用two times. 三倍常用three times,也可用thrice。3. 除整数倍以外，还有分数倍，百分数倍，几倍多或不到几倍等。如：六倍多（more than/over six times）, 一半（half）,三分之一 (one third),百分之六十（60%）等。4. 在the +n.+of结构中 ：1. 要注意选择恰当的名词，常用的名词有size/height/length/weight等。2. the +n.+of 可转换成ones +n.或名词性从句。如：the height of Mary=Marys height.2. 1）表示“建议，要求，命令”等意义的名词，如suggestion, advice, requirement, order, insistence等作主语时，其后引导的表语从句常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，并且should可以省略。The doctors advice is that we (should) have a healthy diet.医生的建议是我们应当有一个健康的饮食。2）动词suggest, advise, require, order, insist等引导的宾语从句也常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，并且should可以省略。He studies so hard that his parents suggest that he (should) go out to have a walk to relax himself.他学习如此辛苦，以至于他父母建议他应当出去散散步，以放松一下。3. 在英语里，在某些名词后面习惯用介词to, 表示“的”。如：the key to -, the entrance to-, the answer to-, the solution to-Does anybody know the answer to the question?有人知道这个问题的答案吗？Excuse me? Could you tell me the entrance to the museum?对不起，请问到博物馆的入口在哪里？Whats the key to solving the problem of pollution?解决污染问题的关键到底是什么呢？单词用法：1. concern n. 关心，关注； There are some reasons for concern but no need for alarm.是有点令人忧虑, 但不必惊慌。2. concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；be concerned about / for /over = be worried/anxious about 担心/忧虑-be concerned with = be about 有关；As far as Im concerned= in my opinion就我个人的看法而言;3. concerning prep. about关于，有关 We are sorry to receive a letter concerning your complaints.我们很抱歉地收到关于你投诉的信。4. damage n./ v. 损害，伤害，破坏Smoking does great damage to your health.吸烟对你的健康有极大的损害。（不可数名词）He was given $500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.他因事故受伤而得到500美元的损害赔偿金。（律：可数名词）The factory was damaged in the earthquake. 工厂在地震中受损。5. focus 1) n. 焦点；She is the focus of everyones attention. 她是大家注意的焦点。2) v. 使集中，使聚焦；Father focused his anger on the poor dog.爸爸把怒火集中到那条可怜的狗身上。His eyes focused on the lovely girl.他目不转睛地盯着那个漂亮的女孩。 The projects focus on problems along the Yangtze River such as water conservation.这些项目侧重长江两岸诸如水资源保护之类的问题。6. appreciate vt. 1) 鉴赏；鉴别; 欣赏；赏识 appreciate good wine 鉴赏好酒 It is hard to appreciate the difference between right and wrong. 分清是非很难。2) 重视Doctors are highly appreciated in that country. 在那个国家医生受到高度重视。 3) 感谢, 感激We deeply appreciate your help. 非常感谢你的帮助。We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们恭候佳音。I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 如果你支付现金的话，我将不胜感激。 4) 察觉；意识到We appreciate the danger ahead. 我们意识到危险临头。 5) appreciate vi. 涨价, 增值Apples appreciated 2 to 5 cents per box. 苹果每箱涨价二至五分钱。 词组：1. agree to do sth 同意做某事；2. sb. agree with sb./ ones idea/ what sb said某人同意某人的观点； I dont agree with what he said. 我不同意他说的话。3. sth. agree with sth/ sb. 与相符合，一致；某物适合某人；(无被动语态) What you did doesnt agree with what you said. 你做的和你说的不一致。The weather here doesnt agree with me. 这儿的气候不适合我4. agree to sth. 同意某事（计划等）；5. agree on sth. 就某事达成一致的意见； We agreed on a price for the car.我们就汽车的价格达成了一致的意见。6. rely on / upon = depend on 依靠，依赖；相信，指望； Rely on your assistant to do his job, but dont depend on him for everything.要放心地让你的助手干工作，但不要事事都依赖他。You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可指望我的帮助。7. result in = lead to引起，造成某种结果 （结果）(无被动语态) The accident resulted in three deaths.这次事故造成了三人死亡。8. result from 因而起，起因于 （原因）(无被动语态)His failure in the exams resulted from not working hard enough.他考试不及格是因为他学习不够努力。9. under way 进展中，进行中；we have several plans under way. 我们已将几项计划付诸实施。10. be home to 是的家园/ 栖息之地11. remain to be done. The fact remains to be proved. 事实尚待证明。12. prohibit sb. from doing sth. =prohibit sb.s doing sth.= stop sb. (from) doing sth.= prevent sb. (from) doing sth.= keep sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 13. open the floor 自由发言14. run out (of) 用完，耗尽15. be shocked at - 对- 感到震惊16. be arrested for- 因-而被捕17. under arrest 被捕18. in the form of - 以-的形式19. be stocked with - 装备有-，储备有-20. shame sb. into doing sth. 使某人羞愧而不得不做某事 She shamed her father into promising more help. 她使父亲感到羞愧，只好答应多给她些帮助。21. be ashamed of以. 为耻辱feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧be ashamed to do sth.以做某事为耻22. under way 在进行中23. focus on 集中，关注24. nature reserve 自然保护区25. pick out 找出，挑选出26. cut at 向猛砍cut away 切下，砍掉cut down 砍倒，砍伐 ；减少的量，缩减cut in 插嘴，插入，插队 cut out 切下，剪下cut up 切碎cut off （1）切断，砍掉 （2） 切断（电力，煤气，自来水等），停止的供给 （3）使（人，城镇）孤立语法：1. “do/ does/ did + 动词原形”，表示强调。But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.但我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。She does look beautiful today. 她今天看起来真的很美！We did witness a UFO when climbing the mountains.我们爬山的时候，真的看见了一个不明飞行物。2. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。Time permitting, I will stay for another week.= If time permits, I will stay for another week. (独立主格结构)3. 现在分词的否定式中，否定词not必须放在最前面。 Not having received a reply, he wrote a letter to the professor again.因为没有收到回信，他又给教授写了一封信。Module 5 Unit 3单词: 1. announce vt. 宣布，宣告 announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事The government announced the plan to the media.=The government announced to the media the plan.announcement n. 宣告, 发表, 公告, 告示 make an announcement to sb. announcer n. 广播员, 告知者, 报幕员比较: announce / declare：announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布或提前预告。Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.declare 指官方的正式宣告。This powerful country declared war on that small country.2. normal1) adj. 正常的, 正规的, 标准的, 典型的, 一般的 normal English normal temperature 正常