英语学习_TOEFL阅读词汇笔记(二)_必备.doc

弃我去者，昨日之日不可留乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧ancestornsstn.祖宗；祖先settlesetlvi.定居be related to与有亲属关系；与相关；与有关immediate forebear直系祖先clergymankl:dimnn.牧师教士contemporarykntemprrin.同时代的人 adj.当代的wreckrekvt.使破坏；使遇难 n.失事船(或飞机)的残骸sullyslivt.玷污；弄脏chasteteista.朴实无华的；(文风)简洁的；没有污点的lurelju, luvt.吸引；引诱advanced composition高级写作officiallyfiliadv.正式地generationdenreinn.一代(约指20至30年)terrifyinglyterifaiiliadv.可怕地frigidfrididadj.死板的，呆板的；寒冷的understandingndstndiadj.善解人意的personal conference私下交谈；个别接触later years晚年the spot of earth地方dearest to ones heart(某人)最喜欢的retirementritaimntn.退休bring sth. to a close结束kinsmankinzmnn.男亲属at the request of应的邀请giftedgiftidadj.有天赋的unfairnfadj.不公正的gradegreidvt.给打分personal contact私下交往involveinvlvvt.使卷入；使参加；包括slothslun.动树懒；懒惰，懒散two-toed两趾的considerablyknsidrbliadv.十分地；相当地slothfulslufuladj.懒惰的upside downpsaid daun倒转suspendsspendvt.吊；悬挂；中止，停止；hook-like钩状的clawkl:n.爪bonybuniadj.多骨的；瘦的feed on以为生in quantity大量地predatorpredtn.食肉动物；掠夺者，捕食者compete with与竞争lullllvt.使安静securitysikjuritin.安全sink into an existence陷入(进入)的状态torport:pn.迟钝；麻木soundly asleep酣睡hygienehaidi:nn.卫生algalgn.水藻coarsek:sadj.粗糙的communitykmju:nitin.生群落；社区；团体parasiticprsitikadj.寄生的in the depth of在里面coatkutn.皮毛；层caterpillarktpiln.(动)毛虫graze on吃mouldymuldiadj.发霉的musclemsln.肌肉swiftswiftadj.迅速的sweepswi:pn.猛烈移动virtuallyv:tuliadv.实质地；几乎；实际上hearinghirin.听觉let off放(枪炮，烟花等)blinkblikvi.眨眼睛acutekju:tadj.敏锐的；严重的；剧烈的；医急性的mammalmmln.哺乳动物condemnkndemvt.批评；责备preyprein.被捕食的动物；猎物mothmn.蛾swingswivi.摆动 n.爵士音乐(尤指摇摆舞音乐)groomgru:mvt.给(马、狗等)梳毛；照料；使整洁solitaryslitriadj.独处的handicaphndikpn.残疾；障碍dietdaitn.饮食；通常吃的食物inactivityinktivitin.迟钝affirmf:mvt.声言；断言biologicalbaildikladj.生物的programmingn.(编排的)程序?self-realization自我实现auto-education自我教育call for要求pedagogypedgdin.教学法；教育学self-development自我发展observebz:vvt.观察；注意determinedit:minvt.确定；决定at liberty自由地exercise ones activity活动in relation to与有关；与相比internalint:nladj.内部的，内在的conceptknseptn.概念spontaneouslyspnteinisliadv.自发地interact with与相互作用spontaneityspntni:itin.自发modus operandi拉做法sensorysensriadj.感觉的stagesteidn.阶段be accompanied for伴随specimenspesmnn.标本；标本ideologyaidildin.意识形态prevailpriveilvt.占优势；盛行self-expression自我表现advocatedvkitvt.提倡tightlytaitliadv.紧紧地pacepeisn.速度at will任意；随意effectifektn.效果majoritymdritin.大多数人contrary to与相反subjectsbdiktn.受试者；实验对象straightstreitadj.直的judgeddv.判断judgementddmntn.判断thresholdrehuldadj.起始的 n.门槛；开端instructinstrktvt.指示；吩咐trialtrailn.试验 adj.试验性的put sb. against使与对立hold to坚持appraisalpreizln.评估；估价substantialsbstnladj.大量的yieldji:ldvi.屈服(to) vt.生产 n.产量under pressure在压力之下clarityklritin.清晰conformityknf:mitin.一致unanimityju:nnimtin.全体一致oppositionpzinn.反对，敌对effectiveifektivadj.有效的pronouncedprnaunstadj.明显的；显著的lonelunadj.孤独的；孤立的dissenterdisentn.反对者accuracykjursin.精确impactimpktn.(重大)影响；冲击 vt.压紧，对施加影响a total of总共humiliatehju:milieitvt.羞辱tendencytendnsin.倾向competekmpi:tvi.对抗conformknf:mvi.与一致linguistligwistn.语言学家psychologistsaikldistn.心理学家verticalv:tikladj.垂直的fieldstonefi:ldstunn.大卵石artifact:tifktn.制造物；人工制品erosionirunn.侵蚀frost heaving冻胀；冰冻隆胀heavehi:vvi.隆起；鼓起conductorkndkt;kndktn.导体;n.列车员；指挥put another way换句话说insulateinsjuleitvt.隔离；使绝缘insulatorinsjuleitn.绝缘体；隔热体insulationinsjuleinn.绝缘；隔热；隔离chillytiliadj.寒冷的glacialgleiladj.冰的tilltiln.冰碛物contentkntentn.容量；含量expansionikspnnn.扩张thaw:vi.融化seepsi:pvi.渗(出)cavitykvitin.洞；腔；穴partiallyp:liadv.部分地rachetrtitn.棘轮jackdkn.千斤顶cyclesaikln.周期；循环thrustrstn.推力；猛冲initiallyiniliadv.最初地；首先plummetplmitvi.骤然下降contractkntrkt, kntrktv.收缩reverseriv:sadj.相反的 vt.颠倒；使逆转 n.相反；倒退in theory理论上result in结果是；导致acreeikn.英亩What a vision!多壮观!crowbarkrub:n.撬棍rust away锈烂order of magnitude数量级precedeprisi:dvt.先于；位于之前factorfktn.因素seasonalsi:znladj.季节性的variationverieinn.变化，差异result from是的结果，由而产生disgustdisgstn.恶心enthusiasminju:zizmn.热情；激情romancerumnsn.浪漫indefinitelyindefnitliadv.不确定地as with正如，与一样aspectspektn.方面； 面貌Plains Indian Culture大草原印第安人文化be closely bound up with与有密切联系ceremonyserimnin.仪式；典礼be combined with与结合(组合)rattlertln.拨浪鼓poundpaundvi.(连续)猛击hand-held drum手鼓underscorendsk:强调gourdgurd gudn.葫芦turtle shell玳瑁壳；海龟甲pebblepebln.小石子；卵石，小圆石soaksukvt.浸泡a strip of一条bendbendvt.弯曲drum skin鼓皮strapstrpv.捆扎rawhider:haidadj.生牛皮的laceleisn.带子tambourinetmbri:nn.铃鼓；小手鼓lashlvt.捆绑whistlewisln.哨子fluteflu:tn.笛子wind instrumentwind instrmnt管乐器wing bone翼骨eaglei:gln.鹰symbolizesimblaizvt.象征carvek:vvt.雕刻；切；科(此处引申为“开辟”)straight-grained直纹的willowwilun.柳树hollowhluvt.掏空splitsplitvt.劈开；分开 vi.分裂in half两半rejoinri:dinvt.再连接；重新组合glueglu:n.胶(水) vt.用胶粘scraping胶水；(复)碎屑airtightetaitadj.密不透风的bindbaindvt.捆绑；捆扎in the sense of从意义上说radicalrdikladj.激进的；根本的overturninguvt:nin.推翻frameworkfreimw:kn.结构；骨架，支架；体制；计划asz, z(引导定语从句)样的人(或事物)；例如usher in引进；开辟；创始；宣告的来临breathtakingbreteikiadj.激动人心的acceleratekselreitvt.加速rather than而不是outrightautraitadj.彻底的conflictknflikt, knfliktn.冲突isolatedaisleitidadj.与世隔绝的heraldherldvt.预示的来临，预告；宣布；欢迎influxinflksn.涌入loyalistlilistn.(美国独立战争时期)亲英分子fleefli:vi.逃离penalpi:nladj.刑罚的penal colony(罪犯的)流放地debtordetn.负债者squarelyskwliadv.坚定地；坚实地；直接地notablynutbliadv.显著地；值得注意地ratifyrtifaivt.认可；(正式)批准oustaustvt.驱逐home-grownhumgrunadj.土生土长的governing class统治阶级promptlyprmptliadv.立即self-rule自治；民主政治substitutesbstitju:tn.替代品(物)，代用品parliamentp:lmntn.议会；国会releaserili:sn.释放 vt.释放，放出leisurelen.消遣transporttrnsp:tn.运输；运送 vt.运输lead up to导致summarysmrin.摘要；总结natureneitn.性质veryveriadj.正是的，恰好的pour out into倾注constantlyknstntliadv.不断地liberatelibreitvt.释放billionbiljnnum.美、法十亿；英、德万亿nucleinju:klain.核hydrogenhaidrdnn.氢collide with与相(碰)撞fusefju:zvt.熔化；交融heliumhi:limn.氦storest:vt.储存outputautputn.输出nuclear energy核能radiationreidieinn.辐射；发光gammar radiation伽马射线electromagneticilektrumgnitikadj.电磁的be absorbed by被吸收reemitri:mitvt.重新放射in ones turn接着；轮到时filterfiltvi.掺入；过滤layerlein.层，阶层solarsuladj.太阳的interiorintiria.内部的(意指市区)；深层的 n.内部；内地X-rayeksrein.X射线spectrumspektrmn.光谱；范围eventuallyiventuliadv.最终地fractionfrknn.部分interplanetaryintplnitriadj.行星际的unhinderednhinddadj.不被阻碍的hithitvt.到达 n.风行一时的作品indicateindikeitvt.显示；表明solidslidadj.固体的；结实的previouslypri:visliadv.以前，先前locustlukstn.蝗虫natural balance生态平衡migrationmaigreinn.迁徙hordeh:dn.(贬)群plainspleinzn.平原swarmsw:mn.(一)大群averagevridvi.平均(为) n.平均 adj.平均的；一般的airborneeb:nadj.在空中take off起飞convection current对流循环气流plaguepleign.瘟疫；灾害；麻烦，苦恼 vt.折磨，使苦恼constitutionknstitju:nn.章程；宪法take care of处理documentdkjumntn.文件；文献 vt.记述性地描述grasshoppergr:shpn.蚂蚱phasefeizn.方面；阶段；物，化相in this respect在这方面as a result of作为的结果adaptationdpteinn.适应(性)bring about导致dispersaldisp:sln.分散；疏散outbreakautbreikn.爆发speciesspi:i:zn.(单复数同形)种类destructivedistrktivadj.破坏性的life cycle生命周期reproductive capability生殖能力censussenssn.统计(数字)；普查overcrowduvkraudvi.过度拥挤make ones way to想方设法进入；去，前往in that因为，既然，体现在artificial:tifiladj.人工的as well as也；和decorativedekrtivadj.装饰的waxwksn.蜡distinguishdistigwivi.区分；区别painstakingpeinzteikia.精心的，十分小心的；刻苦的artistry:tistrin.艺术才能thoroughradj.完全的collectionkleknn.收集；收藏botanicalbtnikladj.植物(学)的intentionintennn.意图，目的nativeneitivadj.本地的representreprizentvt.代表；表示，表现；相当于；相等于fungusfgsn.真菌magnifymgnifaivt.放大reproduceri:prdju:svt.复制；再生产；生殖；繁殖fragilefrdailadj.易碎的，易损坏的；脆弱的extensiveikstensivadj.广泛的，广大的，广阔的floristflristn.花商，种花者exoticegztikadj.奇异的；外国的；外来的displaydisplein.展现；表现fragrancefreigrnsn.香味loanlunvt.借贷authentic:entikadj.真实的representationreprizenteinn.表达；表现；表示；代表stylestailn.风格be brought up被抚养orphanage:fnidn.孤儿院spotsptvt.发现amateurmt, mt:n.业余爱好者engageingeidvt.雇用；聘请；施展；吸引；占用bandbndn.乐队；波段；带子；镶边；队take overteikuv接管；取而代之，取得主导地位teach oneself自学成才sentimentalsentimentladj.多愁善感的best sellern.畅销书、唱片等scat singing无意义的狂喊乱叫唱法syllablesilbln.音节partnerp:tnn.合作者；合伙人trumpetertrmpitn.小号手periodpiridn.就是这话，就是这么回事matchmtv.使相称；使相配 n.相配的人或物talenttlntn.才能；天赋stainsteinvt.沾污 n.染色；污迹in the spotlight成为注意中心；出风头gollygliint.天哪wowwauint.哇originatorridneitn.创始人lathelein.车床grindgraindvt.磨制lenslenzn.透镜at oncet wns同时，一起；马上curiositykjurisitin.好奇心concaveknkeivadj.凹面的caught up with入迷；给迷住visual illusion视觉错误perspectivepspektivn.透视；(观察问题的)视角；观点microscopemaikrskupn.显微镜convexknveksadj.凸的begin with the idea that最初的想法是church tower教堂塔jump out at突然出现artisan:tiznn.工匠；手工艺人grindergraindn.磨工spy on侦察visionvinn.视力；视觉marketm:kitvt.销售；出售signalsignlvt.发信号 n.信号innovativeinuveitivadj.创新的in combination结合perspective glass透视镜copykpivt.仿照；仿效，模仿featurefi:tn.特征 vt.以特色；描绘 vi.起重要作用initialiniladj.最初的；首先的 n.(姓名的)首字母satellite city卫星城distributiondistribju:nn.分布；分发，分配；散布commercialkm:ladj.商业的linkagelikidn.连接；环节metropolismitrplisn.大城市take in this sense在这个意义上去理解millmiln.工厂；磨坊investorinvestn.投资者be located on位于；坐落在sitesaitn.地方，场所；现场；场地in the midst of在中间amplempladj.充足的likewiselaikwaizadv.同样地；也in conjunction with与连起来；连同urban:bnadj.城市的，都市的biographybaigrfin.沧桑史，志；传记dimensionaldimennadj.维qualitykwlitin.特点；特性paucityp:sitin.缺乏；量少vigorvign.活力multifunctionalmltifnknladj.多功能的be characteristic of具有特色的self-sufficientself sfintadj.自给自足的；过于自信的；妄自尊大的tend to倾向于concentrate on集中于orbit:bitvt.围绕 n.轨道floodfldvt.淹没social worker社会福利工作者；社会服务工作人员diversifydaiv:sifaivt.使多样化 n.多样性；差异primitiveprimitivadj.原始的，远古的；粗糙的，简单的abandonbndnvt.放弃coal mine煤矿findingfaindin.(常用复数)发现reclaimrikleimvt.改造disposaldispuzln.处理；处置scarsk:vt.使有疤痕 n.疤痕pilotpailtadj.试验性的 n.飞行员projectprdekt, prdektn.工程；计划，设计 vt.凸出；生动地表现acidicsidikadj.酸(性)的toxictksikadj.有毒的applyplaivt.置一物于另一物上或中；应用；运动；涂limestonelaimstunn.石灰石topsoiltpsiln.表层土sowsauvt.播种refuserifju:z, rifju:sn.废料clayklein.泥土debrisdebri:n.碎片plotpltn.一块地；情节dominatedmineitvt.占主导地位；支配；占据annualnjuladj.一年一度的desirabledizairbladj.令人想要的；值得有的；理想的；可取的well-establishedwelistblitadj.生长得很好的restorerist:vt.恢复refuse site废地locatelukeitvt.测定；找出位置；使坐落于 n.位置potentialptenln.可能性；潜力；潜能 adj.潜在的；可能的convert up转为grind up磨碎operational mine工作矿井barrenbrnadj.贫瘠的；不毛的，荒凉的challengingtlindiadj.具有挑战性的sweatyswetiadj.吃力的brawlbr:lv.争吵；吵架take on承担；呈现comprisekmpraizvt.构成cosmopolitankzmplitnadj.不限于国家或地区范围的；全世界(性)的crewkru:n.人员Civil War美国内战(南北战争)veteranvetrnn.退役军人；老手immigrantimigrntn.移民atheisteiiistn.无神论者at the peak of在高峰期；登峰造极之时lay railroad track铺铁轨ravinervi:nn.峡谷spideryspaidrin.高架桥punchpntvt.用力击by ones own muscle power靠自己的体力railheadreilhedn.铁路线的终点loadludvt.装载procedureprsi:dn.程序，手续gallopglpvi.(马等)飞跑ganggn.群take hold (of)抓住；扛着by twos每两人(一组)clear of离开；脱离at a run跑；正在跑at the word of command一听到命令声hirehaivt.雇用tunneltnln.隧道 vi.挖隧道be substituted for替代put throughput ru:使穿过wrap up完成某事wholesalehulseiladj.大规模的，大批的；批发的expansion program扩建工程radicallyrdikliadv.激烈地；根本地；过激地alter:ltvt.改变facadefs:dn.正面not-too-distant future不远的将来institutioninstitju:nn.机构(意指银行)confluenceknflunsn.汇集complexkmpleksadj.复杂的 n.复合体；综合建筑commoditykmditin.商品decadedekeidn.十年faceliftfeisliftn.改建；整容crunchkrntn.左右为难的困境；艰难局面cautiousk:sadj.谨慎的acquisitionkwizinn.收购；(有价值的)获得；习得donationduneinn.捐赠in some cases在某些情况下pass up放过deaccessdikssvt.出售curatorkjureitn.馆长juggledglvt.变戏法(此处指在展览场地作文章)galleryglrin.美术馆；戏院、教堂等中最高的楼座rotateruteitvt.使轮流；使旋转 vi.转动；旋转rotate. into public view轮流公开展出masterpiecem:stpi:sn.杰作；名作storagest:ridn.储存；仓库envelopeenvlupn.外壳citesaitvt.引用discarddisk:dvt.抛弃，丢弃；抛开，遗弃，废弃staffst:fn.职员raise money集资portionp:nn.部分be obliged to被迫做refinerifainvt.提炼oil refining炼油crude oil原油petroleumpitrulimn.石油oozeu:zn.渗出物kerosenekersi:nn.煤油smeltsmeltvt.熔炼removerimu:vvt.除去；弄掉；消除；移动；移开impurityimpjuritin.杂质；不纯raw materialr: mtiriln.原(材)料drilldrilvt.钻(探) vi.操练，练习retiredritaidadj.退休的ventureventn.冒险事业；(商业)冒险 vi.冒险前进impracticalimprktikladj.不实际的onlookernlukn.旁观者follyflin.愚蠢strike oil打出石油barrelbrln.桶 vt.装入桶内bring sb. to the scene使来到现场prospectorprspekt;prspektn.勘探者;n.勘探者；探矿者wildcatterwaildktn.盲目开采油井者boombu:mn.兴旺rivalraivlvt.与竞争；与同样好 n.竞争对手gold rush淘金热principalprinspladj.主要的grocery store杂货店lubricating oil润滑油trespassertrespsn.侵犯者；违反者prosecuteprsikju:tvt.起诉；告发be preferable to比更好polluteplu:tvt.污染expeditionekspidinn.远征；探险extentikstentn.程度；范围moodmu:dn.情绪beaverbi:vn.河狸rodentrudntn啮齿动物exemplaryigzemplriadj.模范的trappertrpn.设陷阱捕兽者follow close to the line of严格遵守Ten Commandments基督教十戒damdmn.坝lodgeldn.兽穴canalknln.水道；运河penchantpnn, pentntn.嗜好get into hot water陷入困境fishing enthusiast钓鱼爱好者spoilspilvt.弄脏，破坏 vi.(食物)变坏streamstri:mn.溪流 v.照射；流动trouttrautn.鲑鱼lumberlmbn.木材objectbdikt bdektvt.反对 n.物体；目的，目标；宗旨flood out洪水冲走(淹没)standstndn.树丛championtmpinvt.支持charitabletritbladj.宽厚的conservationknsveinn.保护，保存，保持；守恒resourceris:sn.(常用复数)资源come to谈到；提及(后接动名词或名词)modifymdifaivt.改变；修改，更改；改装landscapelndskeipn.地貌；风景rankrkvi.排名 n.等级；军队中的官阶gypsy moth舞毒蛾characterkriktn.本性；特性controversykntrv:sin.争论；论战plumbingplmin.水管装置reputationrepjuteinn.声誉，名声energy content能量caloryn.卡(热量单位)definedifainvt.限定；定义nutritionnju:trinn.营养distinguish. from.区分kilocaloriekilklrin.千卡unitju:nitn.(计量或计算等的)单位；部门gram-calorie克卡chemical bond化学键linklikvt.连接moleculemlikju:ln.分子varyverivi.变化percentagepsentidn.百分比showun.表演innovatorinveitn.发明者，革新家balletblein.芭蕾舞bring. to an end结束linelainn.方式、方法；方针，路线routineru:ti:nn.一套固定舞步；例行公事 a.例行的high kick高踢腿mechanizedmeknaizdadj.机械的integrateintigreitvt.结合choreographykrigrfin.编舞蹈；编舞术reinforceri:inf:svt.加强，充实；增强theater critic剧评家headhedvt.标题为statesteitvt.宣布have to do with与有关unresolvednrizlvdadj.悬而未决的emotionalimunladj.感情的implicationimplikeinn.含义；言外之意at great length详细地；细致地exhilaratingigzilreitiadj.令人振奋的；使人高兴的devisedivaizvi.设计comedykmidin.喜剧instantaneousinstnteinisadj.即刻的；瞬间的viavaiprep.通过；取道parlorp:ln.客厅full skirt宽下摆女裙ginghamgimadj.方格花布的slipperslipn.便鞋ponytailpuniteiln.马尾发型hairdohedu:n.发型be the rage极为流行之物；风靡一时runrnv.连续(上映等)；萦绕于脑际；开办companykmpnin.剧团；公司；陪同；交往assemblesemblvt.召集all-star由明星演员(或运动员)组成的representativereprizenttivn.代表recitalrisaitln.演出；演奏会seek after寻找；追求fashionf()nn.时髦；方式 vt.把塑造成；制成composerkmpuzn.作曲家chaoskeisn.一团糟inspiringinspairia.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的；令人遐想不已的financiallyfnnliadv.财政上prior to在之先(前)；先于railroad industry铁路工业iron rail铁轨executiveigzekjutivn.行政主管人员；执行者 a.行政的，实行的replace. with.用代替lastl:stvi.持续processprusesn.过程；经过stirst:vt.搅拌reheatri:hi:tvt.重新加热ore:n.矿石directdirektvt.直接(吹风)；指引a blast of一阵(风)furnacef:nisn.炉子burn out烧掉brittlebritladj.易碎的，脆弱的bubblebblvi.沸腾eruptirptvi.喷出in showers of spark阵雨似的火花sparksp:kn.火花Bessemer converter酸性转炉(旧称贝氏转炉)mass production大量生产a matter of(表示数量)近似量depositdipzitn.矿床rangereindn.山脉；范围；放牧地，牧场minemainvt.开采shovelvln.(铁)锨bargeb:dn.驳船steamersti:mn.汽船；轮船depotdepun.货栈；仓库dizzydizivt.使头昏眼花skyrocketskairkitvi.突飞猛进moldmuldvt.浇铸uncovernkvvt.发现；移去的覆盖物durabledjurbladj.耐用的declinediklainn.下降；衰退discontentdiskntentn.不满go back to追溯到eohippusi:uhipsn.动始祖马dawnd:nn.开端，起始；