2012何凯文作文预测讲义.doc

2012考研英语作文预测班讲义2012考研英语作文预测班讲义 何凯文前 言预测考试内容是一个考试辅导老师应尽的职责和义务，对于考试内容的把握其实就是这个老师对于考试命题思路的理解，更是责任心的体现。多年以来，我的预测也得到了事实的检验，虽然有一定的偶然性，但是在这些讲义中所提及的内容将涵盖所有的可能话题。并且，这个讲义也做到了尽量薄，绝不额外增加同学们的背诵负担，一切语料都在强化班的基础上进行升华和加强。我相信有了这本讲义的同学，善于利用好这本讲义的同学，一定能在最后的考试中至少获得22分以上的成绩！(在我作文高分攻略上的8篇模拟文章也很重要)曾经自习室里坐在你对面的他/她，或会再见，或会在人海中无处觅踪；我们也可能会有幸的留存在你们的记忆中，你会想继续看看KK的长难句，看看高分攻略上的范文，想想：因为A所以B选A 不选B；你会想起汤老师精辟的思路讲解，精准的运算推演；你会记起蒋（洪）老师对于有关胡总答案的精彩诠释；也可能这些都只是并不清晰的痕迹，但是正是这岁月留下的痕迹会在你不经意的回眸中带给你最美好的回忆，不是去追忆一个人，一件事，而是那些属于青春的记忆碎片。在这些碎片中我们我收获过的勇气和感动将伴我们一路向前。作为准研究生的你们KK愿意和你们分享作为一名学者应该具备的三种情怀，这也是预测的开始：第一，正如爱迪生指出的那样，天才是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。Firstly, as Thomas Edison put it, “Genius is l percent inspiration and 99percent perspiration. ” 第二，我们应该做到为天地立心、为生民立命、为往圣继绝学、为万世开太平。 Secondly, as he noted, To ordain conscience for Heaven and Earth.To secure life and fortune for the people.To continue lost teachings for past sages.To establish peace for all future generations”第三，如康德所说：“有两种东西，我对它们的思考越是深沉和持久，它们在我心灵中唤起的惊奇和敬畏就会日新月异，不断增长，这就是我头上的星空和心中的道德定律。”As Kant said,“Two things fill me with constantly increasing admiration and awe, the longer and more earnestly I reflect on them: the starry heavens without and the moral law within.”祝愿大家2012考研成功！ 何凯文 2011年12月15日星期五于北京第一部分：考研英语大作文话题分类13父母和孩子之间缺乏沟通（1992年考题类型“无形社会问题”）电视广告(1993年考题类型“有形社会问题”)朋友的结交（1994年考试类型“无形社会问题”）希望工程(1995年考题类型“有形社会问题”)健康问题（1996年考题类型“有形社会问题”）世界性的吸烟问题(1997年考题类型斗“有形社会问题”，广告不必要的承诺（1998年考题类型斗“有形社会问题”）生态失衡1999年考题类型叶“有形社会问题”，商业捕鱼（2000年考题类型斗“有形社会问题”）奉献爱心（2001年考题类型“无形社会问题”）文化交流（2002年考题类型“社会现象”）温室里的花朵经不起风吹雨打（2003年考题类型“人生哲理”）终点又是新起点(2004年考题类型斗“人生哲理”)养老足球赛（2005年考题类型斗“无形社会问题”）青少年盲目崇拜（2006年考题类型“社会问题”)自信（2007年考题类型“人生哲理”)合作（2008年考题类型“人生哲理”）网络的“远”与“近”(2009年考题类型“社会现象”)文化“火锅”，即美味又营养(2010年考题类型“社会现象”)旅游之余（2011年考题类型“有形社会问题）对于图画的描述： 第一段的写作第二段的展开: 一、“人生哲理”的写作步骤某种品质对成功很重要:可能出现的主题词：顺境与逆境( Favorable Circumstances and adverse Circumstances) 勤奋（diligence; painstaking work）谨慎和坚毅（prudence and determination）热情和乐观（, enthusiasm and optimism）博学和求知（learnedness and seeking knowledge/pursuit of knowledge）绝望和坚持（Frustration and perseverance）独立性问(independence)感恩(gratitude)创新( creation and innovation)鼓励 (encouragement)自满和谦逊 （self-satisfied and modest） 第二段的写作：第一句：The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with independence when it comes to the cultivation of individual characteristics./ for the personal growth.或者：The author of this picture strives to send out an abundantly clear message that independence is of supreme importance to ones success.第二句：Put it another way, without it, one could hardly/barely taste victory/ achieve their goal.第三句：Due attention to this quality is attached by individuals and even the whole society.或者On my personal level, independence is truly the fundamental attribute of top performers, which separate the high achievers from the rest of the pack.第四句People with spirit of independence can not only accumulate wealth, but will also establish their career, fit into society, and even attain social status.或者举例：Take Steve Jobs, the late Apple company founder, a great innovator, who strikes to the belief for his life time that independence comes before victory, for instance. Without it, he couldnt have built Apple into an incredibly successful company with a string of successes no one else can rival. 就以苹果公司的创始人，一个伟大的创新者，史蒂夫乔布斯为例，他一生都在追求着有独立才能有成功的信念。要是没有这样的思想，他是不可能把苹果公司建成一个取得了无数成功且无人能敌之公司的。最后一句Were there no independence, never would we taste the happiness of the successful life.第三段的写作：It is no exaggeration to say the spirit of independence constitutes the very force that has pushed human civilization forward in the course of our history. Simply put, independence makes a person, an organization, and even a country, distinctively unique. Only those who are of qualitative uniqueness have opportunities to succeed.可以毫不夸张的讲，独立精神在吾辈历史中构成推动人类文明之力量。简单的讲独立的精神使一个人，一个组织甚至是一个国家变得非常独特。这有那些真正独特之人才能有机会成功。第三段的替换：（超级流氓无敌高尚结束段）The picture enlightens us becoming more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values. Life is ten percent what you make it and ninety percent how you take it. The value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use we make of them. So having right values in life is very important for us, especially youngster. (65字)这个图画确实让我们更加欣赏生命的意义和永恒的道德价值，生活有百分之十在于你如何塑造它，有百分之九十在于你如何对待它。生命的价值不在于能多少天，而在于我们如何使用这些日子。所以拥有正确的价值观，特别对于我们年轻人来讲是非常重要的。二、“无形社会问题”的写作步骤：负面的展开：适用于不好的社会问题，社会责任，传统美德，品质的缺失可能用到的主题词：爱国主义（Patriotism）, 努力工作（hardworking）勤俭（plain living）, 相信科学（belief in science）, 为人民服务的意识（consciousness of serving the people）, 团结(solidarity and helping each other), 诚实守信（honesty，credibility and trustworthy）,遵纪守法（ observation of the law）中华传统美德（traditional Chinese values）Thrift, honesty, affection, filial piety, courtesy, loyalty, humaneness现代美德（modern virtues）志愿者精神（volunteer spirit）第二段的展开：第一句：The picture does reveal that lack of credibility is in large measure detrimental not only to the personal life ,but to the further development of the whole society.第二句：In no country other than China, it has been said, is this problem more urgent and serious.或者：The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to some policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the above one being the foremost.或者：The past three decades into reform and opening-up have put an excessively high premium on economic growth over moral education/quality education. 过去的三十年改革开放的日子中，我们都过分的强调了经济的增长而忽视了道德教育和素质教育。第三句Generally speaking, individuals, enterprises, organizations and even the whole society fail to notice the damaging consequences of dishonesty when undergoing the dramatic social transformation.总体来讲，在经历剧烈的社会转型的过程中，个人，企业，组织甚至是整个社会都没有能注意到诚信缺失带来的危害。第四句：It is not hard to notice that without honesty/credibility, hardly can individuals or organizations make money, take profits, let alone obtain wealth in the long term, especially in this fiercely competitive modern world, I argue.我认为，不难发现，要是没有诚信在这样一个竞争激烈的现代社会中，从长期来看个人和组织是很难赚到钱，赚到利润的，更不必说获得财富了。或者：To be more specific, in a society that is being continuously transformed by material pursuits, far too more traditional core value，mattering much for ones, success even the whole countrys success, but seemingly unimportant in the short run, are becoming something of the past. Honesty is high on the list, which is exactly what the author of this picture strives to reveal. 进一步的讲，在一个被对于物质的追求持续改变的社会里，很多对于个人甚至是整个社会而言都很重要，但短期来讲看起来又不是那么重要的核心传统价值观，正在成为过去的事情。而诚信就正在其最重要的，这也确实正是图画的作者想要表达的。 最后一句Were there no credibility, never could we taste the real happiness of the success in the long run.或者That is a sorry state of affairs.这是令人遗憾的局面。第三段：（超级无敌结束段）Confronting such a grim reality, we are supposed to be acutely aware of the potential consequences of not valuing honesty. It is imperative that this negative/unfavorable/evil trend, posing a persistent and growing threat to our society, be curbed and harnessed by the corresponding laws and regulations. Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost. (72字)面对如此严重之现实，我们应该敏感的注意到不重视诚信所带来的潜在后果。这一负面的潮流，正在给社会带来持续而不断增长的威胁，应该被相应的法律和法规所治理。只有在一个理性的，繁荣的，和健康的环境下我们才能见证一个理想的场景，人民能最大的享受他们的生活。正面的展开：为评价一种好的社会现象。文化融合（Cultural integration）社会公德（public morals）第二段的展开：第一句：The picture tells us that volunteer spirit is and remains to be an integral part in this ever rapid changing modern society.第二句：It is the modern virtues that spark and fuel the sustained social progress and continuous betterment of cultural development when we are undergoing the ever most rapid economic growth. Volunteer spirit is high on the list.正是一些现代社会的美德，引发和促进了持续的社会进步和不断的文化发展当我们在经历着最快的经济增长的时候。而志愿者精神正是其中最醒目的。第三句People in the need can obtain financial aids, material support, mental comfort or spiritual back from volunteers work. This spirit can help people who have benefited from others good deed treat others with love, sincerity, sympathy, enthusiasm, hospitality or generosity.Being the beneficiary of a kind of volunteering deeds inspires us to act that way toward a third person and provides a huge boost to the sound evolution of a nation.受益于这种志愿者的行为，会使我们用这样的方法对待第三个人，这样就为国家的健康发展提供了巨大的促进。最后一句Were there no volunteer spirit, never would we taste the civilization of the modern society.或者：Put in another way, it is that pays off.第三段的展开：超级无敌结尾段：In view of the importance and the complexity of such an positive phenomenon, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally and sustain it the very force that has propelled our civilization forward. Few, if any, would deny this fact. If we persist in this positive force, the nation（we）will be on a faster track of revival(gaining success ). It is dangerously wrong to do otherwise. Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost，I argue.(94字)考虑到这一正面现象的复杂性和重要性，我们必须从社会角度，经济角度和文化角度去维持这一现象为推动我们的文明前进的动力。没有人会否认这一事实。如果我们坚持这一正面的力量，我们的国家将更快的踏上复习之路。但是如果不这样做的话将会是危险的。我认为只有在一个理性的三、“社会现象”的写作步骤评价一个有好有坏的社会现象或事物（比如网络，明星代言）名人代言（celebrity endorsement）网络的发展(development of the internet) The creator of this picture strives to send out an abundantly clear message: celebrity endorsement, for all its immense benefits, is potentially harmful if not handled properly. That may make us victims of its dark sides. Celebrity endorsement, for example, may lead us down the wrong path mentally .Put in another way, it cuts both ways.Admittedly, celebrity endorsement has played an intensely important role/part in our ordinary life. It is worth noting, however, that like everything in this world , it emerged wrapped with both rewards and risks. We should consistently bear in mind: we ought to make full use of it to serve our purposes and strive/endeavor to avoid its adverse facets. Anyway, celebrity endorsement has fed enormously into our life. It is my unshakable belief that celebrity endorsement, if used appropriately, will steer our society onto a more harmonious track. 四、有形社会问题的写作步骤可能用到的主题词：1 资源保护(Energy and Resource Saving)环境保护( Environmental protection)2 人口增长(The growth of Chinas population)3 家庭问题(The Problem of Domestic or Family Violence)4 社会保障问题(Social security fund)5 假冒伪劣产品问题( Counterfeits and unqualified products)食品安全(food safety)6 消费者权益保护问题( The protection of consumers rights and interests)7 知识产权保护问题（Intellectual Property protection）有形社会问题绝对超级模板：The cartoon jumping into my sight is fairly compelling. As is shown in the picture above, the characters in the middle of it are doing something thought-provoking and this will enlighten us persistently. The authors real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the iceberg. (56字)映入我眼帘的这幅漫画真的很有意思。如图画中所展示的那样，图画中的中心人物正在做着令人思考的事情，这样的场景不断的在启发着我们。作者的目的不是图画本身，而是指导我们找到其背后的含义是什么Digging into this picture, we may effortlessly grasp its hidden problem that lies beneath the surface. The reasons for this problem, if the possible ones are enumerated one by one, may be numerous. Nevertheless I hold that the main/leading reasons derive from the given social and economic circumstances. Now China has transformed its planned economy system into an initial socialist market economy system, which has brought about rapid economic growth, sustained social progress and continuous better/improvement of peoples living standard, white the market economy system is revealing its ugly face, such as energy crisis, environmental pollution, cheating, compromising their conscience and so forth. The problem reflected in the picture is just one of them. (114)挖掘这个图画的含义，我们会轻松的发现这幅图画表面下所要表达的隐含问题。至于这个问题的原因，如果把可能的原因都一一数出来的话，可能是数不清的。尽管如此，我认为主要的原因应归咎于这个特定的社和经济环境。现在的中国已经从计划经济体制向了一个初级的社会主义市场经济体制，中国已经取得了快速的经济增长、持续的社会进步、人们生活水平不断地得到改善，然而，市场经济体制的负面影响正在凸现，诸如能源危机、环境污染，欺诈，良知的缺失等等。而图画所反映的问题就是其中一个。In summary, China still has a long way to go in this problem and accordingly, great efforts are essential to make in order to solve it. We will encounter no fewer difficulties and problems as we stride ahead, and there are bound to be new challenges. But we are confident in our ability to overcome them and arrive at our set goal eventually. (63字)来讲，中国仍然有很长的路要走，因此为了解决这个问题必须做出极大的努力。当我们向前迈进的时候，我们将会面临很多困难，并且一定存在很多新的挑战，但我相信，我们有能力克服他们，最终胜利地达到我们的目标。一些图画的描述：As is shown above, behind the Lost and Found counter sits an old lady, waiting for the owners of the lost articles, with lost items put on the shelf behind her, among which are love, responsibility, sympathy, conscience and the like, used to be valued by all of us. (49字) As is shown above, in the river dangerously floats a paper boat, symbolizing the moral training, containing some bread and fruits, which is symbolic of food safety.As is shown above, in front of a football, representing unqualified products, stands a man, symbolizing the misleading ads, aiming to shoot the products to the customer, who is almost completely vulnerable.孝敬可以从为妈妈洗脚开始As is shown above, on the ground and in front of the basin knees an adult man, putting his hands into the water and washing feet for his ageing mother, who is smiling and satisfiedly looking at her dear son, with a line going like this: love for mom starts with caring her feet. As is shown above, in the middle of the picture happily run a lot of youngsters, rushing to the donation box from all directions, trying to contribute their love to the people in the need of help. As is shown above, in the middle of the picture and on the road stand a group of people, hesitating to move on, intimidated by three big pits facing them, the fake commodities and medicines and the high price of healthcare. As is shown above, in the middle of the picture and on the computer screen stands a so-called famous and influential star, hawking a medicine, boasting its magic function and exaggerating that it can cure all diseases, with a caption reading that: celebrity endorsement. As is shown above, on the road helplessly lies a little girl, knock down by a running-away car, eagerly anticipating assistance from others, with a lot of people around her whose love and conscientiousness have lost ignoring her tragedy, wandering away ruthlessly.图表开头描述：1. According to the table, the average family income in the United States increased from $ 42,000 in 2000 to $ 44,000 in 2011. Although this was a small increase, the way in which the average family spent its income changed greatly.2. Since 1999, China has witnessed a great change in the ownership of houses. As the graph shows, the percentage of state-owned houses m a big city decreased considerably, dropping from 75% in 1999 to 20% in 2009, while the corresponding figures for private houses increased dramatically, rising from 25% t0 80% over the same period.3. As can be seen from the above graph, money value of annual global electronic commerce transactions is increasing gradually in the seven years. In 1997,the money value of global electronic commerce transactions is almost US $2 billion, while the number reaches us 90 billion in 2005, 45 times that of 1997. Isolated as the figures seem to exist, as a matter of fact, they are connected with one another closely. 第二部分：考研英语小作文分类讲解书信的讲解：第一种 申请信Dear Sir,I would like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries. I am a postgraduate student in Beijing Science and Engineering University. I major in microelectronics engineering, and do some research work during my study years. I hope to have a further study and continue to do my research work if I succeed in obtaining the engineering scholarship. Would you please send me the necessary application forms and any further details about the scholarships ?Enclosed please find two letters of recommendation and my score report card. Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to your reply.Respectfully yours,Li Ming尊敬的阁下：我申请贵系专门提供给外国留学生的奖学金。我是北京理工大学的一名研究生，我的专业是微电子工程，在校期间做了些研究工作。如果能获得这笔工程奖学金，我希望能继续深造和做一些科研工作。请寄给我必要的申请表和有关奖学金方面的细节说明。信中附上两封推荐信和我的成绩报告单。谢谢您能给予考虑，我期盼着您的回函。尊敬您的李明第二种 慰问信Dear William，I am shocked to hear that you have a severe influenza and now are in hospital. I get this news from your mother and know you must be absent for half a month from the classes. Do be careful while you are ill.Dont worry about your lessons and I am willing to help you learn it when you return. We are best friends so I will never allow you to fall behind. You can watch television or listen to radio programs to help kill time and forget your pains while you recuperate. I do hope that I can see you soon and bring you some funny cartoons.If there is anything you need me to do, just let me know. We all miss you and shall be happy when you are back. Yours truly, Li Ming亲爱的威廉：得知你因患上严重的流感而住院了，我感到十分震惊。我从你母亲那里听到这个消息，知道你必须请假半个月。在你生病期间，一定要注意身体。请勿担心你的课程，待你出院后，我非常乐意帮你补课。我们是最好的朋友，我不会让你落后的。在你身体康复的过程中，可以看电视或听广播节目来度过这段时间，忘记痛苦，我真心地希望能很快地看望你，并且带给你一些有趣的卡通片。如果需要我的帮助，请告知。我们都很想念你，并很高兴看到你早日回来。 你真诚的 李明第三种： 欢迎辞Welcome SpeechLadies and Gentlemen,Following the increasing rapidity of our communications with countries abroad, China is having a large number of visitors from different countries. Today, we feel honored very much to have Prof. Vince