名词性从句 讲义1.doc

名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)名词性从句-名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。【注意】比较His words made me angry. (his words作主语)What he said made me angry. (what he said 作主语，是主语从句)宾语从句（The Object Clause） 在复合句中用作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。如：引导宾语从句的连接词：一. 从属连词：that, whether, ifthat：关联词that引导从句时无词义，也不充当句子成分，且通常情况下可以省略。My aunt said that she would come and bring her daughter. 有时宾语从句太长会使句子显得笨重，因此常以it 作为形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，以保持句子平衡。1）在带复合宾语的句子中。如：He has made it clear that he will not give in.We thought it strange that Jim did not come yesterday.2）连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.You may depend on it that I shall always support you.以下情况下that不能省略：1）句中的动词后接两个或两个以上的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。如：He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand.2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth. 4）当that宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that 不可省。5）介词后面的that不可省略。如：6）宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。如： She promised that if anyone could save her father, she would marry him.whether & if如：我不知道他是否会出席会议。 whether和if引导的宾语从句一般可以互换使用,但在下列情况下只能用whether1）2）3）如：那完全取决于他们是否会帮助我们。二. 连接代词： 连接副词：I wonder who he is.He is sorry for what he has done. Give a small present to whoever comes.He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.I am not sure what I ought to do.【注意】1使用宾语从句时应注意时态呼应。1)主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。如：Im sure that youll succeed.我不知道他为什么要这样做。2)主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句要用相应的过去的时态。如： I thought he studied hard. 他说他曾去过纽约。3) 从句如果与某一具体的过去时间状语连用，尽管其谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，仍用一般过去时。如： She told me that her father died in 1991. 4）从句所说明的是一般真理或客观事实，即使主句用过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 The teacher told the students that the computer is a wonderful machine.2宾语从句的语序如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station?He asked me where I was born.【注意】比较He asked me what was the matter.He asked me what the matter was.3. 宾语从句的否定转移在think, suppose, consider, believe, expect 等动词后的宾语从句，如表示否定意义，一般要把否定词前移到主句的谓语上，从句的谓语从肯定的形式。如：I dont think he can do it better than me.I dont believe he has finished the work.4. 使用虚拟语气的宾语从句在动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(suggest, advise, propose)、四要求(demand, require, request, desire)后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。如：He suggested (that) we (should) plant more trees along the river.She insisted (that) they (should) show her their passports.表语从句（The Predicative Clause）表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。可接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, seem, sound, appear, remain等。如：The question remains whether they will be able to help us.It appears that he has a taste for music. The question is whether she can speak English. That is what we need.一从属连词引导的表语从句1. that 引导表语从句时无词义，也不充当句子成分，但不能省略。如：事实是我们已经输掉了比赛。 当主语是the reason, the result或why引导的主语从句时，常用that引导表语从句，不用because。如：The reason _ we were late was _ we missed the train this morning.2. 表语从句可用whether引导，但不能用if 引导。如: His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. 3. 表语从句还可以用as if, as though, because, why引导。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.那是因为你吃太多了。4. 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should + 动词原形”表示，should 可以省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea 等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.His plan was that we (should) collect money on the street.二 连接代词引导的表语