专业英语10级考试重点豪华终结版.doc

1 Nicotine 尼古丁；烟碱2 Cultivar 培育植物；栽培育种3 Variety 种类；多样4 Brightleaf tobacco 浅色烤烟5 Maryland 马里兰烟 6 Burley tobacco 白肋烟7 Oriental tobacco 香料烟8 Air-cured tobacco 晾烟9 Fire-cured tobacco 明火烤烟10 Flue-cured tobacco 烤烟11 Sun-cured tobacco 晒烟12 Chewing tobacco 嚼烟13 Cigar 雪茄14 Cigarette 香烟；纸烟15 Snuffing tobacco 鼻烟16 Nitrogen 氮17 Phosphorus 磷18 Potassium 钾19 Calcium 钙20 Magnesium 镁21 Sulphur 硫22 Iron 铁23 Chloride 氯24 Manganese 锰25 Boron 硼26 Zinc 锌27 Macro-element 大量元素28 Micro-element 微量元素29 Deficiency sympto缺素症状30 Basal fertilizer 基肥；底肥31 Top dressing fertilizer 追肥32 Topping and sucking打顶抹杈33 Vegetative 营养生长的34 Reproductive 生殖的；再生的35 Sucker 烟杈36 Stalk 茎、秆37 Row and hill spacing株行距38 Ripen 使成熟39 Maturity 成熟40 Moisture content 水分含量41 Starch 淀粉42 Pigment 色素43 Mineral 无机物；矿物44 Brown Sport褐斑病；赤星病45 Nematode 线虫；线虫类46 Budworm 食心虫 47 tobacco budworm 烟青虫48 curing 调制49 Flue-curing process烘烤工艺50 Stem 烟梗51 Curing barn 烤房52 Chlorophyll 叶绿素53 Relative humidity 相对湿度54 Dark air-cured tobacco 深色晾烟55 Redrying 复烤56 Whole leaf threshing 全叶打叶57 Strip 去梗叶片58 aging 陈化59 fermentation 发酵60 Total nitrogen 总氮61 Water-soluble nitrogen水溶性氮62 Natural aging 自然陈化63 Forced aging 人工陈化64 Blended cigarette混合型卷烟65 Filter 过滤嘴66 Cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维67 Shred 烟丝68 Reconstituted tobacco sheet 再生烟草薄片69 Flavoring 香料70 Filling power 填充力71 Tar 焦油72 Aroma 芳香；香气73 Wrapper 包装纸，盘纸74 Mouthpiece 烟嘴75 Charcoal 活性炭76 Casing 加料77 Reoder 使回潮78 Flavoring 加香1、In China, burley is produced in a five province belt with about 70% produced in Hubei. Sichuan and Chongqing produced about 20% with smaller amounts produced in Henan and Yunnan provinces. 在中国，白肋烟草主要由国内的五个省进行加工生产，其中，白肋烟草产量的70%来源于湖北，20%来源于重庆与四川，其它少量的则是出产于河南与云南。2、明火烤烟是一种有冲劲的烟草品种，多使用作管烟、香烟、嚼烟、鼻烟和烈性雪茄的调料。Fire-cured tobacco is a robust variety of tobacco used as a condiment for pipe blends, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, snuff and strong-tasting cigars.3、The overall purpose of a fertilization program for flue-cured tobacco is to provide enough of the different kinds of nutrients, in the most effective form, at the most desirable time and place, and at the lowest cost so that the crop will produce the highest yield and quality. The achievement of this objective requires both maintenance and often soil building levels of nutrient application. 总体的烤烟施肥方案的目标是为烤烟叶提供足量的不同类型营养物质，以最佳的形式在所期望的时间内以最低的成本达到作物的最高盛产和最佳质量。要达到这一预期目标则需要对土壤进行保养以及长时间的培肥土壤营养水平的技术。4、 However, a total fertilizer program for tobacco is more involved than simply obtaining a soil analysis and then adding enough nutrients to bring the total supply in the soil up to the quantity expected to be removed by the crop.但是，对于烟草总的施肥程序不简单的是获得土壤数据分析在施入足够的营养物质已达到预期的目标从而使得新的作物进行耕作。5、 The time when nutrients are absorbed should also be considered in developing a fertilizer program. Approximately 50% of the total nitrogen and 40 to 50% of the total potassium were absorbed by the fifth to sixth week after transplanting and less than 10% was absorbed during the last few weeks of the 13 weeks growth period. 在施肥的过程中营养物质的吸收需要引起极高的重视。在从培养基移植后的第五周和第六周内营养物中的总氮量和总钾量大约被吸收了50%以及40%到50%，余下的10%将会在13个成长周内被余下的时间所吸收。6、The accumulation of nicotine（an alkaloid）,which is synthesized in tobacco roots, that is regulated more by the nitrogen supply than by any other nutrient, since nitrogen is a part of the nicotine molecule.尼古丁(一种生物碱)的积累，是在烟草根内合成的，它受氮素供应的影响比受到其它养分的影响更强，这是由于氮元素是尼古丁分子的一种组成元素。7、与未打顶的烟株相比，即打顶又抹杈的烟株产量增加较只打顶而不抹杈的烟株大。The yield increase is much greater for topping plus suckering than for topping and not suckering when compared to the not topped plant.8、 Under normal condition flue-cured tobacco ripens at the rate of about 2 to 4 leaves per week, thus the normal harvest rate has been from 2 to 4 leaves per plant per week for a period of 5 to 7 weeks. Generally 6 to 8 pickings are attempted to harvest a tobacco plant with a leaf population of around 22 to 24.通常情况下烤烟的成熟期是每周2至4片叶子，因此，每周成熟2至4片叶子的收获期通常为5到7周。一般为6到8周的收获期都则是用来收获22片叶子与24片叶子的植物。9、 Many factors can influence the maturity and harvest rate. For example, certain diseases such as root knot nematodes or brown spot, or excessive soil moisture which causes damage, or failure to top the plants, or heavy sucker growth can increase the maturity rate substantially. 许多因素将会影响作物的成熟率和收获率，比如说几种明显的疾病如根结线虫或者是褐斑病，或者土壤水分过多都会造成毁灭性的影响。或者营养物质未能输送至植物的顶部，或者主茎杆生长将会使得成熟率的速度大增。10、 There are two major objectives in curing flue-cured tobacco. One of them is to provide temperature and humidity conditions which will encourage certain desirable chemical and biological changes to take place, while using minimum quantities of fuel. 在烤烟调制过程中有两个主要目标.一个是提供合适的温度和湿度条件,这些条件会促进一些人们希望发生的化学和生物反应发生,并且消耗最少的燃料.11、 Another objective is to preserve the leaf by timely drying to retain the potential quality. Curing is more than drying the leaf. It involves chemical and physical changes which are necessary for high quality tobacco suitable for manufacturer and consumer acceptance.另一个目标是维持叶片及时干燥来保持潜在的质量.调制不仅仅是只干燥叶片.它还包括了各种有利于高质量加工和消费者接受的烟叶化学和物理反应。12、变黄期开始于叶绿素的分解或消失，叶片中叶绿素含量随叶片成熟度、品质、气候、施肥等的不同而不同，不过叶绿素讲解速率随含水率的降低而升高。Yellowing begins in the decomporition and disappearance of the CHL the contents of chl in laminas vary from degrees of maturity curlity climate and fertilization however the chl degrades faster with lower moisture content.13、变黄期另一个重要的变化时淀粉转化为糖。烟叶刚刚采收时，淀粉含量高二糖含量低。通过水解作用淀粉转化为葡萄糖，部分葡萄糖通过呼吸作用转化为果糖，之后果糖可以和葡萄糖结合生成蔗糖。因此，随着淀粉含量的降低，总糖含量上升。Yellowing stges another important charge during yellowing is the transformation from starch to sugar.Newly prined leavescontain less sugar and more starch ,which can be transformed to glucose,some of which can be transformed to fruit sugar by respiration.The combination of glucose and fruit sugar can creat sucrose,which leads to lower starch content and higher total sugar. 14、 Studies of smoke particle size distribution have shown that cellulose acetate filters remove larger particles preferentially from the mainstream smoke.Since a particles chemical composition may vary with its size ,particulate filtration could play a part in selective chemical removal.对烟雾颗粒尺寸的分布表明，醋酸纤维素过滤嘴会优先除去烟雾中的大颗粒，由于烟雾颗粒的化学成分的不同则与烟雾颗粒的大小有关，微粒过滤嘴可以在选择性化学清除上起其作用。15、 Another widely used group of specialized filters in the world are those containing activated carbon.Charcoal,or activated carbon has been used for many years for purifying gases and can be used to provide effective reductions of organic vapour phase compounds in cigarette smoke.By removal of harsh taste elements,charcoal can also give smokers a smoothe,more acceptable smoke. 在世界上另外被使用的广泛的过滤嘴则是含有活性炭的过滤嘴。木炭或这活性炭在净化香烟的气体和去除一些有机气体已经被使用了很多年。而且木炭可以去除烟味里的涩味，并给烟民们带来更加润口，更加让人可以接受的烟味。16、 The key to the development of reduced delivery cigarettes was filter ventilation.Increased porosity of cigarette paper and the use of tobacco reconstitution and expansion could go only so far in reducing deliveries.As cigarette deliveries were reduced to the single digits,the only way to maintain proper smoke taste and subjective qualities was to ventilate the cigarette through the filter tip.Filter ventilation maintained a flat puff profile and minimized the impact on taste from the general reduction of delivery.香烟气体的排放减少的关键因素是过滤嘴的通风，使用了重组与扩张增加的