高考英语 专题03 代词考纲解读及热点难点试题演练.doc

专题03 代词-2014年高考英语考纲解读及热点难点试题演练在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。1(2013辽宁，29)to her joy，della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.athat bone cones dthose2(2013江西，23)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.aanybody beverybodycnobody dsomebody3(2013山东，21)ive lived in new york and chicago，but dont like _ of them very much.aeither bany ceach danother4(2013陕西，22)although rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.asome bneither cnone dall答案c5(2013天津，12)at our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.athem bthese cthose dones6(2013四川，2)the traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.aone bthis cthat dit7(2013新课标，14)its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.aothers beither canother dboth8(2013重庆，31)recycling is one way to protect the environment，reusing is _.aanother bthe other cone another done9(2013安徽，27)this project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.anothing banythingcsomething deverything10(2013浙江，11)half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.athesee bsome cones dthose考点1、不定代词的用法（none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法）【例1】 my brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.anothing bnone cno one dneither【例2】 i knew that _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.asomething banything ceverything dnothing【特别提醒】none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法none指人或物，相当于no名词；可回答how many，how much的提问；可与of连用how much money do you have？none.你有多少钱？一点也没有。i want some more cheese，but theres none left.我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。as we were asleep，none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。nothing指物；可回答what的提问what are you doing now？nothing.你现在在干什么？什么也没干nobody (no one)指人；可回答who的提问who is in the room？no one/nobody.谁在屋里？没人。no one无任何人nothing无任何物none无所提及的人、物考点2、不定代词的用法（either，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法）【例3】 he had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.aneither beither ceach dall【例4】 john，when shall we meet again，thursday or friday?_.ill be off to london then.aeither bneither cboth dnone【特别提醒】either，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法如下：两者考点3、不定代词的用法（other(s)，the other(s)，another的常见用法）【例5】 neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.aothers bthe other canother done other【例6】 the manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.aany other bthe other canother dother【特别提醒】在英语中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代词，它们的用法如下：(1)other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示泛指概念。(2)others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“other名词”结构，也表示泛指概念。(3)the other有两种常见用法：the other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示特指概念；the other意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one.the other.”结构。(4)the others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“the other可数名词复数”结构，表示特指概念。(5)another意为“又/再”，常用于“another基数词名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词more名词”这一结构。考点4、全部否定和部分否定【例7】 wow！youve got so many clothes.but _ of them are in fashion now.aall bboth cneither dnone【例8】 larry asks bill and peter to go on a picnic with him，but _ of them wants to，because they have work to do.aeither bany cneither dnone【特别提醒】全部否定的不定代词：none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any, no名词。部分否定的不定代词：not与all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等连用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。难点1、替代词的用法【例1】 more than 68,600 foreigners are working in shanghai.the number is 13 times _ of 1996，when shanghai started issuing expatriate work permits.aone bones cthat dthose【例2】 i just choose a simpler lifestyle，_ where i can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.athat bit cone danother【名师点睛】that, it, one, ones, those, the one(s)等都可以用作代词，但它们所指代的情况不同。(1)it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。(2)one表示泛指概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念。(3)that既可以用来指代不可数名词，又可以用来指代可数名词单数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the名词”结构。(4)those用来指代可数名词复数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the可数名词复数”结构。它是that(指代可数名词单数时)的复数形式。(5)当that或those在句中指代事物时，它们的后面通常使用一些后置定语，如：little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.(that指代不可数名词joy)【特别提醒】(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定语从句除外)，one既可代替事物也可代替人。(2)“物主代词own”之后不能加one。(3)一般可以用this one，that one，较少用these ones和those ones。当ones前有形容词修饰时则可以用these和those。难点2、it的用法【例3】 no matter where he is，he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.ahim bthis cthat dit【例4】 ive read another book this week.well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.athis bthat cthere dit【特别提醒】it的用法归纳(1)it的基本用法：it可以用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容；在特定的环境中，也可指性别不详、身份不明的人或婴儿等；可以表示天气、时间、距离、金钱等。(2)it充当形式主语或形式宾语的用法(3)有关it的几个易混句型its time for sb to do sthit/this/that isthe first/second.timethat sb has/have done sthit will be时间段before sb do/does sthit is/has been时间段since sb did sthit is/was具体时间点when从句。(4)it可以用来构成强调句型这一句型可以对主语、宾语及状语进行强调。难点3、指示代词、反身代词、人称代词的用法【例5】 could you tell me how to get to victoria street?victoria street？_ is where the grand theatre is.asuch bthere cthat dthis【例6】 surprisingly，susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.athem bher citself dherself【例7】 there is _ in his words.we should have a try.asomething banythingcnothing deverything答案a【例8】 _ is the power of tv that it can make a person suddenly famous.asuch bthis cthat dso【特别提醒】做题过程中要注意做到以下两点：2逻辑关系。做题时，通过分析上下文所蕴含的逻辑关系做出正确的判断。可以从以下两个方面考虑：代词表示的范围；代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。1i asked for some more cake，but there was _ left.ano one bnone ca little da few2john has always wanted an ipad and he has just saved enough money to buy _.aone bit cthis dthat3being more realistic，the elderly have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of _ that dont.athem bit cthat dthose4toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _ didnt help.ahe bw