M8 Unit5柯林斯高级英汉双解词典.doc

人教版高中英语选修八UNIT 5柯林斯高级英汉双解词典M8 Unit51、identify /adntfa/ vt. 确定；识别；使参与；把看成一样(identifying, identified, identifies)1、 V-T If you can identify someone or something, you are able to recognize them or distinguish them from others. 识别例： There are a number of distinguishing characteristics by which you can identify a Hollywood epic. 通过其诸多与众不同的特点,你可以识别出好莱坞的史诗影片。2、V-T If you identify someone or something, you name them or say who or what they are. 确认例： Police have already identified 10 murder suspects. 警方已经确认了10名谋杀嫌疑犯。 3、V-T If you identify something, you discover or notice its existence. 发现; 察觉例： Scientists claim to have identified chemicals produced by certain plants which have powerful cancer-fighting properties. 科学家们声称已经发现某些植物产生的化学物质有强大的抗癌功能。4、V-T If a particular thing identifies someone or something, it makes them easy to recognize, by making them different in some way. 是的标志; 使易于辨认例： She wore a little nurses hat on her head to identify her. 她头上戴了一顶小护士帽，这使她易于辨认。 5、V-I If you identify with someone or something, you feel that you understand them or their feelings and ideas. 理解; 认同例： She would only play a role if she could identify with the character. 她只愿扮演自己认同的人物角色。 6、V-T If you identify one person or thing with another, you think that they are closely associated or involved in some way. 认为密切相关例： Moore really hates to play the sweet, passive women that audiences have identified her with. 穆尔非常讨厌饰演观众已将她定型的温柔可爱、逆来顺受的女性角色。2、alternative /ltntv/ adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的n. 二中择一；供替代的选择(alternatives)1、 N-COUNT If one thing is an alternative to another, the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second. 替代品例： New ways to treat arthritis may provide an alternative to painkillers. 治疗关节炎的新方法可能会提供一种止痛药的替代品。2、ADJ An alternative plan or offer is different from the one that you already have, and can be done or used instead. 另外的ADJ n例： There were alternative methods of travel available. 有另外的旅行方式可采用。3、ADJ Alternative is used to describe something that is different from the usual things of its kind, or the usual ways of doing something, in modern Western society. For example, an alternative lifestyle does not follow conventional ways of living and working. 另类的ADJ n例： .unconventional parents who embraced the alternative lifestyle of the Sixties. 信奉60年代另类生活方式的与众不同的家长们。4、ADJ Alternative medicine uses traditional ways of curing people, such as medicines made from plants, massage, and acupuncture. 替代性的 (疗法)ADJ n例： .alternative health care. 替代性保健。5、ADJ Alternative energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power. 可再生的 (能源)ADJ n3、archaeology /kld/ n. 考古学(archeology)1、N-UNCOUNT Archaeology is the study of the societies and peoples of the past by examining the remains of their buildings, tools, and other objects. 考古学 2、archaeologica lADJ考古学的ADJ n例： .one of the regions most important archaeological sites. 该地区最重要的考古遗址之一。4、archaeological ,:kildikl adj. 古 考古学的；古 考古学上的5、archaeologist ,:kildist n. 考古学家6、starvation /stven/ n. 饿死；挨饿；绝食N-UNCOUNT Starvation is extreme suffering or death, caused by lack of food. 饥饿; 饿死例： Over three hundred people have died of starvation since the beginning of the year. 自那年年初开始，已有三百多人饿死了。7、tentative /tnttv/ adj. 试验性的，暂定的；踌躇的1、ADJ Tentative agreements, plans, or arrangements are not definite or certain, but have been made as a first step. 初步的例： Political leaders have reached a tentative agreement to hold a preparatory conference next month. 政治领导人已经就下个月召开准备会达成初步协议。. 2、tentatively ADV初步地ADV with v例： The next round of talks is tentatively scheduled to begin October 21st in Washington. 下一轮谈判初步定在10月21日于华盛顿进行。 3、ADJ If someone is tentative, they are cautious and not very confident because they are uncertain or afraid. 犹豫的例： My first attempts at complaining were kind of tentative. 我头几次的投诉尝试都有点儿犹豫。 4、tentatively ADV犹豫地ADV with v例： Perhaps, he suggested tentatively, they should send for Dr. Esteves. 他犹犹豫豫地建议道，他们也许应该派人去请埃斯特维斯医生。8、accuracy /kjrs/ n. 数 精确度，准确性1、N-UNCOUNT The accuracy of information or measurements is their quality of being true or correct, even in small details. 精确 (性); 准确 (性)例： Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of all information given in this leaflet. 已经采取了一切措施来保证这张传单上所有信息的准确。2、N-UNCOUNT If someone or something performs a task, for example, hitting a target, with accuracy, they do it in an exact way without making a mistake. 准确无误例： .weapons that could fire with accuracy at targets 3,000 yards away. 那些可以准确无误地射中3000码以外的目标的武器。9、excavate /kskvet/ vt. 挖掘；开凿(excavating, excavated, excavates)1、V-T When archaeologists or other people excavate a piece of land, they remove earth carefully from it and look for things such as pots, bones, or buildings that are buried there, in order to discover information about the past. 挖掘 (古物)例： A new Danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs. 一支新的丹麦考察队又在对那个地方进行年度的夏季挖掘。2、excavation N-VAR挖掘例： She worked on the excavation of a Mayan archaeological site. 她那时从事一个玛雅考古遗址的挖掘工作。3、V-T To excavate means to dig a hole in the ground, for example, in order to build there. 挖; 开凿例： A contractor was hired to drain the reservoir and to excavate soil from one area for replacement with clay. 一个承包商被雇来排干蓄水池里的水，然后挖出其中一块地方的泥土，换上粘土。4、excavation N-VAR挖; 开凿例： .the excavation of canals. 运河的开凿。10、excavation ,ekskvein n. 挖掘，发掘11、interrupt /ntrpt/ vt. 中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍vi. 打断；打扰(interrupting, interrupted, interrupts)1、 V-T/V-I If you interrupt someone who is speaking, you say or do something that causes them to stop. 打断例： Turkin tapped him on the shoulder. Sorry to interrupt, Colonel. 图尔金拍了拍他肩膀说：“对不起，上校，打断你一下。”2、interruption N-VAR打断例： The sudden interruption stopped Justin in mid-sentence. 贾斯廷话说到一半时被突然打断了。3、V-T If someone or something interrupts a process or activity, they stop it for a period of time. 妨碍例： People kept nosing around the place, interrupting my work. 人们在这周围不断查看着，打断了我的工作。 4、interruption N-VAR中断例： .interruptions in the supply of food and fuel. 食品和燃料供应的中断。. 5、V-T If something interrupts a line, surface, or view, it stops it from being continuous or makes it look irregular. 遮住例： Taller plants interrupt the views from the house. 高的树木遮住了房子外的视线。12、acute /kjut/ adj. 严重的，医 急性的；敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的1、ADJ You can use acute to indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense. 严峻的例： The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis. 这场战争加剧了一场严峻的经济危机。例： The report has caused acute embarrassment to the government. 这份报告使政府极其尴尬。2、ADJ An acute illness is one that becomes severe very quickly but does not last very long. Compare . 急性的医学ADJ n例： .a patient with acute rheumatoid arthritis. 一位患急性风湿性关节炎的病人。 3、ADJ If a persons or animals sight, hearing, or sense of smell is acute, it is sensitive and powerful. 敏锐的例： When she lost her sight, her other senses grew more acute. 失明以后，她的其他感官变得更加敏锐了。4、ADJ An acute angle is less than 90. Compare angle. 锐 (角)5、ADJ An acute accent is a symbol that is placed over vowels in some languages in order to indicate how that vowel is pronounced or over one letter in a word to indicate where it is stressed. You refer to a letter with this accent as, for example, e acute. For example, there is an acute accent over the letter e in the French word caf. 尖音符的 (E)(上的符号)ADJ n, n ADJ13、assume /sjum/ vt. 承担；假定；采取；呈现(assuming, assumed, assumes)1、V-T If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly. 假设例： It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar. 假设这两块大陆类似是种错误概念。例： If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot. 如果出现了错误，它们就被以为是现场指挥官的错。2、V-T If someone assumes power or responsibility, they take power or responsibility. 接受 (权利、责任)例： Mr. Cross will assume the role of CEO with a team of four directors. 克罗斯先生将担任由位执行官组成的一个团队的首席执行官一职。3、V-T If you assume a particular expression or way of behaving, you start to look or behave in this way. 做出 (某表情); 采取 (某行为方式)例： He managed to assume an air of calm. 他设法表现出一幅平静的样子。14、regardless /rdls/ adj. 不管；不顾；不注意1、PHRASE If something happens regardless of something else, it is not affected or influenced at all by that other thing. 不管; 无论例： It takes in anybody regardless of religion, colour, or creed. 这个组织接纳任何人，不管其宗教、肤色或信仰。2、ADV If you say that someone did something regardless, you mean that they did it even though there were problems or factors that could have stopped them, or perhaps should have stopped them. 不顾一切地ADV after v例： Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless. 尽管她最近动了手术，她却一直在不顾一切地继续工作。15、regardless of 不顾，不管16、mat /mt/ n. 垫；垫子；衬边(mats)1、N-COUNT A mat is a small piece of something such as cloth, card, or plastic which you put on a table to protect it from plates or cups. (杯、盘的) 垫子例： The food is served on polished tables with mats. 食物被摆放在擦得光亮的餐桌的垫子上。 2、N-COUNT A mat is a small piece of carpet or other thick material which is put on the floor for protection, decoration, or comfort. 小地毯; 厚垫子例： There was a letter on the mat. 地毯上有一封信。 3、V to tangle or weave or become tangled or woven into a dense mass 缠结; 使.缠结17、quilt /kwlt/ n. 被子；棉被(quilting, quilted, quilts)1、N-COUNT A quilt is a bed cover made by sewing layers of cloth together, usually with different colours sewn together to make a design. 被子例： .an old patchwork quilt. 一条旧的拼布被子。2、N-COUNT A quilt is a thin cover filled with feathers or some other warm, soft material, which you put over your blankets when you are in bed. 羽绒床罩英国英语3、V-T/V-I If you quilt, or if you quilt a piece of fabric, you make a quilt. 缝制 (被子); 缝制被子例： Maggie knows how to quilt. 玛吉知道怎样缝被子。例： Quilting a bed cover can be laborious. 缝制一个床罩会很费力的。18、beast /bist/ n. 野兽；畜生，人面兽心的人(centimeter) (beasts)N-COUNT You can refer to an animal as a beast, especially if it is a large, dangerous, or unusual one. (尤指罕见或巨大凶猛的) 兽文学性例： .the threats our ancestors faced from wild beasts. 我们祖辈所面临的来自野兽的威胁。19、at most 至多20、centimetre /sntmit/ n. 厘米；公分(centimetres)N-COUNT A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system equal to ten millimetres or one-hundredth of a meter. 厘米例： .a tiny fossil plant, only a few centimetres high. 一块小小的植物化石，只有几厘米高。21、sharpen /pn/ vt. 削尖；磨快；使敏捷；加重vi. 尖锐；变锋利(sharpening, sharpened, sharpens)1、 V-T/V-I If your senses, understanding, or skills sharpen or are sharpened, you become better at noticing things, thinking, or doing something. 使敏锐; 增强例： Her gaze sharpened, as if she had seen something unusual. 她眼睛一亮，好像看到了不寻常的东西。例： He will need to sharpen his diplomatic skills in order to work with Congress. 他将需要增强外交技巧以与国会打交道。 2、V-T If you sharpen an object, you make its edge very thin or you make its end pointed. 使变锋利; 弄尖例： He started to sharpen his knife. 他开始磨刀。22、sharpener /pn/ n. 卷笔刀；机 磨具；研磨者(sharpeners)N-COUNT A sharpener is a tool or machine used for sharpening pencils or knives. 磨具; 卷笔刀例： .a pencil sharpener. 一个卷笔刀。23、cut up vt. 切碎；抨击(cutting, cuts)PHRASAL VERB If you cut something up, you cut it into several pieces. 切碎例： Halve the tomatoes, then cut them up coarsely. 把西红柿切成两半，然后再把它们粗略切一下。24、scrape /skrep/ vt. 刮；擦伤；挖成(scraping, scraped, scrapes)1、V-T If you scrape something from a surface, you remove it, especially by pulling a sharp object over the surface. 刮掉例： She went around the car scraping the frost off the windows. 她绕着车刮掉车窗上的霜。. 2、V-T/V-I If something scrapes against something else, it rubs against it, making a noise or causing slight damage. 刮擦例： The only sound is that of knives and forks scraping against china. 惟一的声音是刀叉刮擦瓷器的声音。例： The car hurtled past us, scraping the wall and screeching to a halt. 那辆汽车从我们身旁疾驰而过，刮擦着墙嘎然停下。3、V-T If you scrape a part of your body, you accidentally rub it against something hard and rough, and damage it slightly. 擦伤例： She stumbled and fell, scraping her palms and knees. 她绊了一跤摔倒了，擦伤了双掌和双膝。25、scraper /skrep/ n. 刮刀；铲土机；守财奴(scrapers)N-COUNT A scraper is a tool that has a small handle and a metal or plastic blade and can be used for scraping a particular surface clean. 刮削器26、ample /mpl/ adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的(ampler, amplest)1、ADJ If there is an ample amount of something, there is enough of it and usually some extra. 充足的例： Therell be ample opportunity to relax, swim and soak up some sun. 将会有充足的机会来放松、游泳和接受一些阳光。. 2、amply ADV充足地例： This collection of his essays and journalism amply demonstrates his commitment to democracy. 他的这部散文和新闻报道集充分地证明了他对民主的奉献。27、messy /ms/ adj. 凌乱的，散乱的；肮脏的，污秽的；麻烦的(messier, messiest)1、ADJ A messy person or activity makes things dirty or not neat. 邋遢的例： She was a good, if messy, cook. 尽管有点邋遢，她还是一名好厨师。2、ADJ Something that is messy is dirty or not neat. 脏的例： Dont worry if this first coat of paint looks messy. 如果这第一层油漆看上去有点脏的话，不用担心。3、ADJ If you describe a situation as messy, you are emphasizing that it is confused or complicated, and therefore unsatisfactory. 混乱而复杂的例： John had been through a messy divorce himself. 约翰自己经历过一次棘手的离婚。28、primitive /prmtv/ adj. 原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的1、ADJ Primitive means belonging to a society in which people live in a very simple way, usually without industries or a writing system. 原始的 (社会)例： .studies of primitive societies. 对原始社会的研究。 2、ADJ Primitive means belonging to a very early period in the development of an animal or plant. 原始的 (动物、植物)例： .primitive whales. 原始鲸。例： Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals. 原始人们需要能够像这样反应以逃脱危险的动物。 3、ADJ If you describe something as primitive, you mean that it is very simple in style or very old-fashioned. 简陋的; 旧式的例： The conditions are primitive by any standards. 这些条件以任何标准衡量都是简陋的。29、bead /bid/ n. 珠子；滴；念珠(beads)1、N-COUNT Beads are small pieces of coloured glass, wood, or plastic with a hole through the middle. Beads are often put together on a piece of string or wire to make jewellery. 中间有孔的小珠子例： .a string of beads. 一串珠子。 2、N-COUNT A bead of liquid or moisture is a small drop of it. (液体或湿气的) 小滴例： .beads of blood. 滴滴鲜血。30、botany /btn/ n. 植物学；地区植物总称N-UNCOUNT Botany is the scientific study of plants. 植物学31、botanical /btnkl/ adj. 植物学的ADJ Botanical books, research, and activities relate to the scientific study of plants. 植物学的ADJ n例： The area is of great botanical interest. 该地区很有植物学研究价值。32、analysis /nlss/ n. 分析；分解；验定(analyses /nlsiz/ )1、N-VAR Analysis is the process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it. 分析例： Sporting greatness defies analysis but we know it when we see it. 运动的伟大无法进行分析但是我们一看就知道。2、N-VAR Analysis is the scientific process of examining something in order to find out what it consists of. 化验分析例： They collect blood samples for analysis at a national laboratory. 他们收集血样以在一个国家实验室做化验分析。3、N-COUNT An analysis is an explanation or description that results from considering something carefully. 分析报告例： Coming up after the newscast, an analysis of the presidents domestic policy. 在新闻广播之后是一个对总统国内政策的分析报告。33、seashell /sil/ n. 海贝，贝壳；海贝壳(seashells)N-COUNT Seashells are the empty shells of small sea creatures. 海贝壳usu pl34、ripen /rapn/ vt. 使成熟vi. 成熟(ripening, ripened, ripens)V-T/V-I When crops ripen or when the sun ripens them, they become ripe. (指庄稼) 成熟例： Im waiting for the apples to ripen. 我在等这些苹果成熟。35、category /ktr/ n. 种类，分类；数 范畴(categories)N-COUNT If people or things are divided into categories, they are divided into groups in such a way that the members of each group are similar to each other in some way. 种类; 范畴例： This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalized autobiography. 这本书显然类属自传体小说。36、significance /snfkns/ n. 意义；重要性；意思N-UNCOUNT The significance of something is the importance that it has, usually because it will have an effect on a situation or shows something about a situation. 重要性; 意义例： Ideas about the social significance of religion have changed over time. 有关宗教的社会意义的观念已随时间的流逝发生了改变。37、somehow /smha/ adv. 以某种方法；莫明其妙地ADV You use somehow to say that you do not know or cannot say how something was done or will be done. 不知怎地; 不知以什么方式例： Well manage somehow, you and me. I know we will. 我们总会应付过去的，你和我。我知道我们会的。例： Somehow Karin managed to cope with the demands of her career. 不知怎么地，卡林设法应付了那些来自工作的要求。38、systematic /sstmtk/ adj. 系统的；体系的；有系统的；图情 分类的1、ADJ Something that is done in a systematic way is done according to a fixed plan, in a thorough and efficient way. 有计划的例： They went about their business in a systematic way. 他们按部就班地做生意。2、systematically ADV有计划地例： The army has systematically violated human rights. 军队已有计划地侵犯了人权。39、spit /spt/ vt. 吐，吐出；发出；发射(spat, spit; spat, spit) vi. 吐痰；吐口水；发出劈啪声(spitting, spat, spits)1、 N-UNCOUNT Spit is the watery liquid produced in your mouth. You usually use spit to refer to an amount of it that has been forced out of someones mouth. 口水例： A trickle of spit collected at the corner of her mouth. 一小股口水积聚在了她的嘴角。2、V-I If someone spits, they force an amount of liquid out of their mouth, often to show hatred or contempt. 吐唾沫例： The gang thought of hitting him too, but decided just to spit. 那个团伙也想到揍他，但决定只朝他吐唾沫。例： They spat at me and taunted me. 他们又朝我吐唾沫又嘲弄我。3、V to utter (short sharp words or syllables), esp in a violent manner 粗暴地讲(短句或音节). 4、V to rain very lightly 下毛毛细雨5、V-T If you spit liquid or food somewhere, you force a small amoun