高三英语 阅读复习第五期 计划愿望15(1).doc

2014年高三英语 阅读复习第五期 计划愿望15【导读】孩子是表扬出来的。对吗？make up your mind to succeedkind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. the generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones winter.” and their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. as a result, stanford university professor carol dweck, phd, calls them “the overpraised generation.”dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. heres how they work:a fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic youre a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. the fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. when things get difficult, its quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.on the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. because the ego (自尊) isnt on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. when faced with a difficulty, its quick to rethink, change and try again. in fact, it enjoys this experience.we are all born with growth mind-sets. (otherwise, we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) but parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. dwecks book, mind-set: the new psychology of success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. but she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.【文章大意】文章讲述的是现在的年青一代是被过度表扬的一代。dweck把人分为a fixed mind-set和a growth mind-set两类，并说明了两种不同类型人的特点，呼吁人们做一个不惧怕困难的a growth mind-set的人。【篇章结构】段落关键词大意推测第一部分p1left their children defenseless against failure; “everyones winter.” the overpraised generation.被过度表扬的一代第二部分p2-a fixed mind-set；a growth mind-set两种不同类型的特点第三部分p4all born with growth mind-sets；never defeated by failure.发出呼吁，做a growth mind-set的人。【信息提取】1. what does the author think about the present generation?a. they dont do well at school.b. they are often misunderstood.c. they are eager to win in sports.d. they are given too much praise.2. a fixed mind-set person is probably one who _ .a. doesnt want to work hardb. cares a lot about personal safetyc. cannot share his ideas with othersd. can succeed with the help of teachers3. what does the growth mind-set believe?a. admitting failure is shameful.b. talent comes with ones birth.c. scores should be highly valued.d. getting over difficulties is enjoyable.4. what should parents do for their children based on dwecks study?a. encourage them to learn from failures.b. prevent them from making mistakes.c. guide them in doing little things.d. help them grow with praise.【解析】1.【答案】d【试题解析】由第一段最后一句as a result, stanford university professor carol dweck, phd, calls them “the overpraised generation.”可知，答案为d。2.【答案】a【试题解析】由第三段第二句the fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.可知选择a项。3.【答案】d【试题解析】由第四段最后一句in fact, it enjoys this experience.可知选择d项。4.【答案】a【试题解析】由文章最后一句but she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.可知，选择a项。【词汇扩充】1. defenseless adj.无防御的，无保护的a city without guns or water is defenseless before an army.无枪炮或缺水的城市在大军围攻时是无法自卫的。it is an emotion which is defenseless against passion.在冲动的热情前面，这种感情是毫无防卫能力的。2. generation n.一代人he is arguably the best actor of his generation.按理他是他那一代中最优秀的演员。he was a beacon of hope for the younger generation.他是年轻一代的希望之灯。3. talent n.天资，才能； 天才，人才at the age of five he showed exceptional talent as a musician.他五岁时就表现出非凡的音乐才能。the team has a wealth of home-grown talent.该队有很多自己培养的人才。these children have a huge reserve of latent talent.这些孩子蕴藏着极大的潜在天赋。4. experience n.经验，体验； 经历，阅历vt.亲身参与，亲身经历； 感受he has also had managerial experience on every level.他还有各个层级的管理经验。she had learned from experience to take little rests in between her daily routine.经验告诉她在日常生活中要不时休息一下。we had never experienced this kind of holiday before and had no idea what to expect.我们以前从未有过这样的假期，不知道会怎么样。widows seem to experience more distress than do widowers.寡妇似乎比鳏夫更痛苦。【长难句解析】but she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.【分析】该句中you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.是定语从句，先行词是many little things;在这个定语从句中that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.又做make sure的宾语，是宾语从句。【语法点滴】主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： what he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 it is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 where the english evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1） it + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）it + be + 形容词 +