高考英语总复习 选择题百题精练 专题21 阅读理解 科普知识（含解析）(1).doc

2014年高考英语总复习 选择题百题精练 专题21 阅读理解 科普知识（含解析）（1）2013大纲全国卷 eethe oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man, biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the united states and elsewhere.since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywherefrom trees and grasses to agricultural and citylife wastesbiomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.according to the union of concerned scientists(ucs), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the suns energy.as long as biomass is produced continuouslywith only as much grown as is usedthe “battery” lasts forever.according to the energy information administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the united states for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply.in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.72why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？ait burns merely plant matter. bit keeps producing electricity.cit stores the energy from the sun. dit produces zero carbon dioxide.73we learn from the text that in 2008 _awind power could be the leader of renewable energy b. there was a rapid growth of electricity productioncbiomass might become the main energy source d0.50.9% of power supply came from biomass74why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass? ato prevent the waste of energy. bto increase production safety.cto reduce pollution. dto save money.75where does the text probably come from? aa research plan. ba science magazine. ca book review. da business report.（2）2013辽宁卷 cchere is an astonishing and significant fact: mental work alone cant make us tired.it sounds absurd.but a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳)to the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.the brain is totally tireless.so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.one of englands most outstanding scientists, ja. hadfield, says, “the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.in fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” dr.brill, a famous american scientist, goes even further.he declares, “one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”what kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? joy? satisfaction? no! a feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers.hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.we get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.64what surprised the scientists a few years ago?afatigue toxins could hardly be found in a lborers blood.balbert einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.cthe brain could work for many hours without fatigue.da mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.65according to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?achallenging mental work.bunpleasant emotions.cendless tasks.dphysical labor.66whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?ahe agrees with them.bhe doubts them.che argues against them.dhe hesitates to accept them.67we can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to _ahave some good foodbenjoy their workcexercise regularlyddiscover fatigue toxins（3）2013新课标全国卷 bb the baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. she is quiet but alert(警觉). twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.she stares at it carefully. a researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. as the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focusuntil a third, with three black spots, is presented. her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? the same experiment，but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.perhaps it is just the newness? when slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? no again.babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. the effect even crosses between senses.babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.60the experiment described in paragraph 1 is related to the babys_asense of hearingbsense of sightcsense of touchdsense of smell61babies are sensitive to the change in _athe size of cardsbthe colour of picturescthe shape of patternsdthe number of objects62why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?ato reduce the difficulty of the experiment.bto see how babies recognize sounds.cto carry their experiment further.dto keep the babies interest.63where does this text probably come from?ascience fiction.bchildrens literature.can advertisement.da science report.（5）【2014届四川省成都市高三摸底试题】ein the near future，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets，even when it comes to playing popular games like fruit ninjathe gaze group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 yearsbut those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities，and are very expensive“after a while，we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way，” says gazes sune alstrup johansen“where everybody would have this availablejohansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company，the eye tribe，which is hoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial levelthe technology works with the help of the computing device toward the users face after making sure of the users eye movements，the technology is then able to easily find where a persons eyes are moving，and then allow the eyes to control a cursor（光标）“our software can then determine the location of the eyes and know where youre looking on the screen to make sure what youre looking at，“reads an explanation on the eye tribe sitethere has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years， particularly in the gaming worldrecently xbox released the kinect device，which lets users control their xbox and play certain games using only their hands，legs and voices but still，most of these devices have been more of a gimmick than a practical way to use ones hands to control a mobile devicejohansen said a replaceable filter（滤光器）would be a cheap，convenient way for most consumersand even as companies like the eye tribe work to create such a product for the average user, making the eye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled usersfor more articles on modern science，please click here47which of the following is the main idea of the passage?aan introduction of a new deviceban introduction of smart-phonescan introduction of eye-controlling technologydan introduction of a new technology for the disabled:48the underlined word“gimmick” probably means .aa trick ba wayca lieda dream49according to the passage，we can learn that .athe eye-controlling technology was first developed for the blindbthe present developing 0f the technology will bring no goodcthere is no such a phone as we can use only with our eyes at presentdthe eye-controlling technology is only intended for the disabled people50this passage is probably taken from .aan experiment report ba science fictionca school textbookda science website【考点定位】科普类说明文阅读（6）【2014届安徽望江中学月考】edo you want to live another 100 years or more? some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.i think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生), said michael zey, a montclair state university business professor and author of two books on the future. i think by 2075 we will see it and thats a conservative estimate.at the conference in san francisco, donald louria, a professor at new jersey medical school in newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology（纳米技术）make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. there is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years, he said. some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.however, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. it remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life? said leonard pooh, director of the university of georgia gerontology(老龄学) center. at present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.【小题1】72by saying we are knocking at the door of immortality, michael zey means _.athey believe that there is no limit of livingbthey are sure to find the truth about long livingcthey have got some ideas about living foreverdthey are able to make people live past the present life span【小题2】73donald lourias attitude towards long living is that _.apeople can live from 120 to 180 yearsbit is still doubtful how long humans can livecthe human body is designed to last about 120 yearsdit is possible for humans to live longer in the future【小题3】74the underlined it（paragraph 4）refers to _.aa great pushbthe idea of living beyond the present life spancthe idea of living from 200 to 300 yearsdthe conservative estimate【小题4】75what would be the best title for this text?aliving longer or notbscience, technology and long livingcno limit for human lifedhealthy lifestyle and long living（7）【2014届安徽望江中学月考】castronomers (天文学家) say they are on the point of finding planets like earth orbiting other stars, which is a key step in determining if we are alone in the universe. a top nasa official and other leading scientists say that within four or five years they should discover the first earth-like planet where life could develop, or may have already. a planet close to the size of earth could even be found sometime this year. at the annual american astronomical society conference this week, each discovery involving so-called “exoplanets” those outside our solar system pointed to the same conclusion：quiet planets like earth where life could develop probably are plentiful. nasas dew kepler telescope and a lot of new research from the suddenly hot and competitive exoplanet field caused noticeable buzz at the meetingscientists are talking about being at “an incredible special place in history” and closer to answering the question. “are we alone? for the first time, theres an optimism that sometime in our lifetimes were going to get to the bottom of that,” said simon worden，an astronomer who heads nasas ames research center. “if i were a betting man, which i am, i would bet were not alone.” “these are big questions that reflect upon the meaning of the human race in the universe,” the director of the vatican observatory, the rev. jose funes, said wednesday in an interview at this weeks conference. worden told the associated press: “i would certainly expect in the next four or five years wed have an earth-sized planet in the habitable (可居住的) zone.”【小题1】64.what is very important in determining if we are alone in the universe?a. finding an earth-like planet. b. orbiting other stars. c. developing new telescopes.d. finding more exoplanets. 【小题2】65.whats an exoplanet?a. its a planet like earth. b. its a planet outside our solar system. c. its a planet orbiting the sun. d. its a planet where life have developed. 【小题3】66.the underlined phrase “get to the bottom of” probably means “_”.a. understand fully b. make full use ofc. search for d. do more research on 【小题4】67.from the passage we can learn that _. a. an earth-like planet has been foundb. its been proved we are not alone in the universec. jose funes has found the meaning of the human race in the universed. the discovery of an earth-like planet could happen in the near future（8）【2013届河南省六市高三第二次联考】csixty-five million years ago, an asteroid (小行星) that crashed on earth led to the disappearance of the largest animals that have ever walked our planet the dinosaurs. at least, this is what some scientists believe. but that accident happened so long ago. people have come to believe that we are free of threats from asteroids and everything else from space.however, what happened on feb 15 , 2013 was a reminder that were just as vulnerable as the dinosaurs once were. two objects from space a meteor (陨石) and an asteroid called 2012 da14 visited earths atmosphere on the same day. the former fell in russia, injuring 1,200 people, while the latter passed by earth at a record-setting close distance.scientists had been expecting the asteroid since last year, but the meteor was a surprise. nasas telescope system only detects asteroids at least 50 meters in diameter (直径), which is just about the size of 2012 da14. but the meteor was much smaller, which made it harder to spot.but what if we do spot an asteroid that is headed right for earth? there are several possible ways in which dangerous asteroids could be made to change its orbit. which method is best depends on several factors and most importantly how much time we have to stop it.if there is enough time before the hit, we can send off a heavy spacecraft to travel alongside the asteroid. the gravity from the spacecraft would gradually change the rocks orbit. besides that, scientists could one day use sun-powered lasers to either make asteroids disappear or change their course. if theres not enough time, well have to go after the asteroid with a spacecraft and change its orbit with a crash. finally, if things are truly desperate, there will be only one choice left to use a nuclear bomb. that could turn the asteroid into a meteor shower, which would be even more dangerous.【小题1】the author mentioned the asteroid that led to the dinosaurs dying out to _.a. show that asteroids fall from space frequentlyb. alert people about the possible danger of objects falling from spacec. inform readers about the constant threats the earth facesd. suggest that there are still many mysteries about the universe【小题2】the underlined word “vulnerable” in the second paragraph probably means _.a. unprotected b. lonely c. stupid d. self-important【小题3】which of the following statements is true about the meteor that fell to the earth in russia?a. it passed by the earth at a close distance.b. it was spotted by nasas telescope system a year ago.c. it is about the same size as the asteroid that passed by the earth.d. it fell to the earth and caused great damage to the local community.【小题4】what is the main idea of the article?a. learning about asteroids and meteors.b. the threats of objects from space and possible solutions.c. nasas latest technology to discover visitors to the earth from space.d. how to measure the damage of collisions from asteroids and meteors.考点：考查科技说明文的阅读。（9）【2014届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学月考】bin july 1994 jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet (彗星). when the fragments (碎片) landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. but what if our own planet was hit by a comet?the year is 2094