名词性从句讲解及练习.doc

名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1.考查名词性从句的语序问题2.考查引导词that与what的区别3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4.考查whether与if的区别5.考查疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that,whether,if,as if , as though（不充当从句的任何成分,有意义）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,which, whichever, whom,whose.连接副词：when,where,how,why一、主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.It做形式主语，代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that从句a pity, an honor, a good thing, no wonder, no surprise（2）It+be+形容词+that从句 obvious, true, natural, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain （3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced（4）It+不及物动词+that从句 seems, appears, happens另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that二、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句, that在句中不担任任何成分，可被省去HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.但以下情况不能省：a, 作介词宾语时，不能省略。I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.b, 从句是并列句时,只有第一个that可省。He told me he is a teacher and that he is fond of teaching.c, that位于从句句首时,不可省略That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. (。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.3.it 做形式宾语，that不能省略I find it possible that he should finish the work in 2 days.We think it our duty that we should help others.4.宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.hestudiedEnglishlastterm.hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica5.否定前移think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.Idontbelievehewilldoso.三、表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif/though引导。1.其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.2.有时也可以用why, because 来引导That was why I asked for 3 days leave.Thats because he didnt work hard enough.需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning四、同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句，作为关系代词，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；从句修饰限定先行词。that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，无意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。从句解释说明名词。从引导词的区别：有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.区分：Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece（定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting. Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.1.whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.Whether they will finish the work does not matter too much.Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.b.引导表语从句时。如： The question is whether he can do it.What we want to know is whether they will come.c.引导同位语从句时。The question whether he will go or not has not been decided.The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. （同位语从句） d.引导从句作介词宾语时；I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home. There has been no news about whether they have finished their work. Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.e.从句后有“ornot”时；Let me know whether you can come or not. f. 后接动词不定式时。Whether to go or stay is still a question. She if no sure whether to stay or not.2. when和if 即可引导名词性从句也可引导状从当引导名词性从句表示将来意义，用将来时；当引导状从表示将来意义，用一般现在表将来I dont know when he will come, but when he comes, I will call you.名词性从句专项练习50题1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof_hehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact2.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idontknow_.”A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom3._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas_anewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy_.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedid D.hehasdoneso7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow_.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever9.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis10.Iamsure_hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat11.Whenandwhyhecamehere_yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee12.Iwonderhowmuch_.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts13.Maryis_someonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor14._isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate15.Theycametotheconclusion_byacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas_thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that17.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether18.“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang”“Well,Iforget_Iwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit19.Outputisnowsixtimes_itwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved_.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns21._surprisedmemostwas_suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.ThatwhatB.WhatthatC.ThatwhichD.Whatwhich22.Wegavehim_helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand_youhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme_A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace25.Doyouhappentoknow_A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewearsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis26.Thisbookwillshowyou_canbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved27.Wheredoyouthink_A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe28.Doyouknow_A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC.howmanythepopulationoftheworldis D.whatthepopulationoftheworldis29.Wouldyougoandsee_outsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen30.ThesubjectofWhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim.is_.A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I31._IthinkheisCharles.A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.DoyouthinkwhoheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis32.Hedidntknowwhichroom_.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein33.Thelittleboyate_hismothergavehim.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat34.Thecityisnolonger_.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe35.Myparentsused_theyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat36._wegoswimmingeveryday_usalotofgood.A.IfdoB.ThatdoC.IfdoesD.Thatdoes37._wastheidea_thewifethoughtofA.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.HowwhyD.Whyhow39.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat40.Ihavenoidea_ornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which41.“Doyouknow_”“Hisfatherisadoctor.”A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whath